DETERMINANT

- Determinant exists only for square matrix.

- Symbol: | A|
- Order2:
A= a b →det( A )=|A|=|a b |=ad−cb
( )
- c d c d
- Ex:
- Order 3: Sarrus’ method
a b c a b c a b
( )
A= d e f →det ( A )=|A|=|d e f | d e
g h i g h i g h
- =(aei+bfg+cdh)−(gec +hfa+idb)
1 3 4 2 4 4
|2 −1 3 |
|1 3 2 |
- Ex: 0 0 5 = -35, −1 −2 −3 = -2

Order n: can be done with

 minor & cofactor method or
 Gauss-elimination
 1 2 3 4
|
5 6 7 8|
2 6 4 8
Ex: 3 1 1 2 =72
Properties of Determinant:
1.det(A.B) = det(A).det(B)
2.det(At)=det(A)
3.Determinant of a triangular matrix is product of
all diagonal elements.
4.Determinant of a matrix with zero row/column
is zero.
5.Determinant of a matrix with two
rows/columns where one row/column is
multiple of another is zero.
6.If we swap two rows (columns) in A, the
determinant will change its sign.
7.If we multiply a row (column) of A by a number,
the determinant of A will be multiplied by the
same number.
 1 1 3 0
0 2 1 1| 1 3 1 4
|
0 0 1 2 |
3
0
0
9
2
4
1 1
2 3
|
5 15 =−4

Ex: 2 0 0 3
 Matrix whose det = 0 is called singular matrix.
 Matrix whose det  0 is called non-singular
matrix.
SPECIAL PROPERTY OF DETERMINANT
Ex:
1 2 |=|1 2|+|1 2|
|
3 4 1 3 2 1
1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4
|5 6 0 |=|3 2 1 |+|2 4 −1|

6 8 5 6 8 5 6 8 5
Crammer’s Method
2x + y = 5
5x – y = 9
Ans: {(2,1)}

x+2y–3z=4
2x–y+z=5
3x+y–z=10
Ans: {(3,2,1)}
INVERSE OF MATRIX
Inverse of a matrix exists if
1. it is a square matrix
2. det ¹ 0 (non-singular matrix)
Property: A.A-1 = A-1.A = I
a b  1 1  d b 
A   A   
c d  det( A)  c a 
1
Untuk ordo  3, gunakan rumus A 1  .adjoin(A)
det( A)
 1 2 1  1 2 8 
 1 3   1 3     
Contoh:  ,
  ,
  3 1 0 ,
  1 1 4 
 4 5   2 5     
 4 1 1   3 5 12 
Ex: Find the inverse of
1 2 2

a.
( )
1 0 1
1 2 1


2 4 4 
  5
−2 2
1 3 2

( )
 2
  −1
1 0

 1 2 3  2
b.  , ans: −1
0 −1
2

Properties of inverse:
 -1 -1 -1
1. (A.B) =B .A
-1 -1
2. (k.A) = 1/k. A
-1 -1
3.(A ) = A
1
4. det(A-1) = det ( A )
5. (At)-1 = (A-1)t
6. (An)-1 = (A-1)n

Exercise

1 2 3 −4 −5 −6
1.Given
A= ( 4 5 6) (
, B=
−1 −2 −3 )
Find:
a.3A-2B b. 2A+3B c. A’B-AB’
d. 2A2-BA’
4 5 1 0 0 0
2.Given
C= ( −6 −7 ) ( ) ( )
, I=
0 1
,O=
0 0
Find:
a.C2 + C3 – C4
b.(C+I)2 – 2C.I – I.O
 1 2 3 1 0 0

3.Given
D=
2 −3
(
−4 −5 ) ( ) ( )
, E= 4 5 6 , F= 4 5 0
7 8 9 7 8 9
Find:
a. |D|+|3 E|+3|F|
b. 484.(D-1 + D-2)
c. F-1
D= 6 −9 , E= 1 2
( ) ( )
4. 4 −6 3 4
a.Is D nilpotent? What order?
b.Find (DEt)t+D.(E-1)-1
1 −2 −1
(
3 1 0
)
5.Find the inverse 4 1 1 with ERO
2 1 4 1 2 −3
( )( )
4 2 8 1 2 3
6.Find the rank of 6 3 12 , 0 1 8
7.Find the determinant of

8.Find the inverse with ERO:

 1 2 −3
( )
1 3 3
0 1 8
9.Find the rank of the following:
1 2 −3 1 2 −3
( )
1 3 3
a. 1 5 5
(
−1 −2 3
b. 2 4 −6
)
INVERSE with ERO
Inverse of a matrix with ERO
- The matrix is put on the left of the identity
matrix of the same order.
- Change the left part matrix into identity matrix.
- The inverse will be on the right part.
Ex:
1 −2 −1
3 1 0
(
Find the inverse of 4 1 1 with ERO.
)


2 4 4 
 
 1 3 2
 

 1 2 3 
Find the inverse of  with ERO.
 

2 4 4  2 4 4 1 0 0
 
 1 3 2 ( 1 3 2 |0 1 0 )
 

 1 2 3  −1 −2 −3 0 0 1
 →

Exercise
1.Find the inverse with ERO:
1 2 −3
( )
1 3 3
0 1 8
2.Find the rank of the following:
1 2 −3 1 2 −3
( )
1 3 3
b. 1 5 5
(
−1 −2 3
b. 2 4 −6
)
3.Find the solution using inverse method:
3x + 2y = 8
2x – 3y = 1
4.Find the solution using Crammer’s method:
x+y=5
y+z=3
x+z=4
5.Find the solution using Crammer’s method:
x+2y-3z=0
3x+7y+6z=16
 3x+8y+5z=16
6.Find the solution using Inverse method
x+2y-4z=-1
3x+7y-6z=4
2x+8y+5z=15