ch 14

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes Justinian’s impact on the Byzantine empire?
a. Under Justinian, the Byzantine empire began a centuries-long expansion.
b. Under Justinian, the Byzantine empire reached its largest size ever.
c. Under Justinian, the Byzantine empire shrank to half its original size.
d. Under Justinian, the Byzantine empire fell to the Ottoman Turks.

____ 2. Which of the following was a major factor in the decline of the Byzantine empire?
a. Conversion of the Slavs c. Arrival of invaders
b. Iconoclasm d. Recapture of Rome

____ 3. How did the invention of gunpowder contribute to the Ottomans’ conquest of Constantinople?
a. The Ottomans used gunpowder to help break through the city’s walls with cannons.
b. The invention of gunpowder made the Ottomans rich enough to buy the city.
c. The Byzantines did not use gunpowder properly in the city’s defense.
d. The European crusaders helped the Ottomans invade the city with guns.

____ 4. What did Justinian believe was to blame for the loss of so much of the Roman empire?
a. Gunpowder c. Debt
b. Disease d. Negligence

____ 5. Who is the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church today?

a. The pope c. The Patriarch of Constantinople
b. Patriarchs in different countries d. Various bishops

____ 6. What power did the Byzantine emperor have over the Patriarch of Constantinople?
a. He could promote him. c. He could remove him.
b. He could name him the next emperor. d. He could choose his wife.

____ 8. The controversy over icons divided Christians in the Byzantine empire from Christians in
a. Constantinople. c. Eastern Europe.
b. Greece. d. Western Europe.

____ 9. In the years leading up to the Great Schism, what did the pope refuse to do?
a. Recognize the Byzantine emperor as his superior
b. Agree to not marry
c. Claim to be a successor of the apostle Peter
d. Allow the use of icons

____ 10. What typically happened when Byzantine leaders showed off their wealth to visitors?
a. Visitors left Constantinople disappointed by Byzantine culture.
b. Visitors left Constantinople inspired by Byzantine culture.
c. Visitors left Constantinople eager to become missionaries.
d. Visitors left Constantinople in favor of Kievan Rus.
____ 11. Eastern Orthodox missionaries traveled to ______________ to spread the faith of the Byzantine empire.
a. Western Europe c. Spain
b. Eastern Europe d. Viking lands

____ 12. Which of the following was NOT a result of the publication of Justinian’s Code?
a. Non-Christians were discriminated against.
b. Roman law became less unified.
c. Women were officially given some property rights.
d. The emperor became more powerful.

____ 13. Which Byzantine emperor built Hagia Sophia?

a. Irene c. Zeno
b. Constantine d. Justinian

____ 14. How did Byzantine librarians preserve Greek and Roman culture?
a. They copied the manuscripts of Greece and Rome.
b. They gave missionaries Greek and Roman materials to educate the Slavs.
c. They edited the ideas in Greek and Roman manuscripts.
d. They rewrote Greek and Roman manuscripts to reflect Byzantine ideas.

____ 15. Where was the Byzantine capital of Constantinople located?

a. West of Rome c. Along the Bosporus Strait
b. On the Mediterranean Sea d. In Asia Minor

____ 16. What protected Constantinople on the side of the city that was not surrounded by water?
a. Greek fire c. Gunpowder
b. Moats and walls d. Harbors

____ 18. What were Constantinople’s moats?

a. Rings of thick walls c. Trenches filled with water
b. Ships used in battles d. Trading routes

____ 19. Constantinople’s location made it an ideal destination for traders hoping to buy products from
a. Asia. c. Africa.
b. Western Europe. d. Eastern Europe.

____ 21. After the Great Schism, which church followed the Western tradition of Christianity?
a. Roman Catholic Church c. Greek Orthodox Church
b. Byzantine Church d. Constantinople Church

____ 22. Which of the following had the strongest influence on Byzantine culture?
a. Eastern Orthodox Christianity c. Missionaries’ travels
b. Roman law d. Foreign visitors

____ 23. How does the legacy of Cyril and Methodius live on in Eastern Europe today?
a. Many Eastern Europeans still move to Constantinople.
b. Many Eastern Europeans still practice Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
c. Many Eastern Europeans travel as missionaries.
d. Many Eastern Europeans use the Greek alphabet.
Completion
Complete each statement.

1. To defend Constantinople from invading ships, the Byzantines shot at them with a heavily burning, water-
resistant chemical mixture, called ________.

2. A narrow body of water that cuts across land to connect two larger bodies of water is called a(n) ________.

3. The split between the Eastern and Western Christian churches is now known as the Great ______.

4. The reorganization of Roman laws, decrees, and judges’ decisions published in A.D. 529 is called
_____________.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. pp. 433-434

OBJ: S.14.1.2 Students will know that the emperor Justinian tried to reconquer areas of the western Roman
empire that had been lost. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: Justinian MSC: Remediation: Go to Places to Know on the Digital Path.
NOT: Under Justinian, the Byzantine empire reached its largest size.
2. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 434
OBJ: S.14.1.3 Students will know that the Byzantine empire declined slowly as parts of it were conquered
by Slavs, Arabs, and Turks. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: Rome | decline of Byzantine MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 434.
NOT: Foreign invaders seized large parts of the Byzantine empire and eventually destroyed it.
3. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 435
OBJ: S.14.1.3 Students will know that the Byzantine empire declined slowly as parts of it were conquered
by Slavs, Arabs, and Turks. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: Constantinople | Ottoman | gunpowder MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 435.
NOT: Constantinople's thick walls survived attack for centuries. However, the Ottoman cannons helped
break through these walls, allowing the invaders into the city.
4. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 434
OBJ: S.14.1.2 Students will know that the emperor Justinian tried to reconquer areas of the western Roman
empire that had been lost. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: Justinian | Rome MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 434.
NOT: Justinian believed the Romans lost much of their land by their negligence.
5. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 439
OBJ: S.14.2.4 Students will know features of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | The Division of the Christian Church
KEY: Eastern Orthodox Church | patriarch MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 439.
NOT: Today, Eastern Orthodox churches in different countries are led by their own patriarchs.
 6. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 439
OBJ: S.14.2.4 Students will know features of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | The Division of the Christian Church
KEY: emperor | Patriarch of Constantinople MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 439.
NOT: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Byzantine emperor could remove the Patriarch of Constantinople.
7. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. pp. 436-437
OBJ: S.14.2.2 Students will know that Christians disagreed over church organization, the use of icons, and
other issues. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | The Division of the Christian Church
KEY: iconoclasts | icon MSC: Remediation: Go to SE pages 436-437.
NOT: Iconoclasts believed using icons was like worshipping objects, which is forbidden in the Bible.
8. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 436
OBJ: S.14.2.2 Students will know that Christians disagreed over church organization, the use of icons, and
other issues. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | The Division of the Christian Church
KEY: Christians | icons MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 436.
NOT: Christians in Western Europe approved of the use of icons.
9. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. pp. 438-439
OBJ: S.14.2.5 Students will know causes of the Great Schism.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | The Division of the Christian Church
KEY: pope | Great Schism MSC: Remediation: Go to SE pages 438-439.
NOT: The pope refused to recognize any other ruler, including the Byzantine emperor, as his superior.
10. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 442
OBJ: S.14.3.5 Students will know ways in which Byzantine culture spread.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization KEY: Byzantine |culture
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 442.
NOT: Visitors to Constantinople were awed by the Byzantine leaders' displays of wealth. They were inspired
to bring Byzantine ideas back to their homeland.
11. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 442
OBJ: S.14.3.5 Students will know ways in which Byzantine culture spread.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization
KEY: Eastern Orthodox | missionaries | southeastern Europe MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 442.
NOT: Eastern Orthodox missionaries traveled to Eastern Europe to spread the faith of the Byzantine empire.
12. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 441
OBJ: S.14.3.2 Students will know that Justinian’s code preserved Roman law.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization KEY: Justinian's Code
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 441.
NOT: Justinian's Code unified centuries of disorganized Roman law.
13. ANS: D PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 434
OBJ: S.14.3.4 Students will know main features of Byzantine culture, law, and religion.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization KEY: Hagia Sophia
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 434. NOT: Justinian rebuilt Hagia Sophia church.
14. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 440
OBJ: S.14.3.4 Students will know main features of Byzantine culture, law, and religion.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization KEY: Byzantine | librarians | manuscripts
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 440.
 NOT: Byzantine librarians preserved Greek and Roman culture by copying manuscripts of Greece and
Rome.
15. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 432
OBJ: S.14.1.1 Students will know that, now known as the Byzantine empire, the eastern half of the Roman
empire survived until A.D.1453. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: Constantinople | Bosporus Strait. MSC: Remediation: Go to Places to Know on the Digital Path.
NOT: Constantinople was built along the Bosporus Strait.
16. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 433
OBJ: S.14.1.4 Students will know the importance of geography and leadership to the Byzantine empire.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire KEY: Constantinople
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 433.
NOT: Two rings of walls and a moat protected the land-bound side of Constantinople's peninsula.
17. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 435
OBJ: S.14.1.4 Students will know the importance of geography and leadership to the Byzantine empire.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire
KEY: foreign invaders | Byzantium | Greece | Turkey | Constantinople
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 435.
NOT: Even after foreign invaders began taking control of much of Byzantium, Byzantine emperors still held
onto modern Greece, western Turkey, and Constantinople.
18. ANS: C PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 433
OBJ: S.14.1.5 Students will know advantages of Constantinople for defense and trade.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire KEY: Constantinople | moats
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 433.
NOT: Moats, trenches filled with water, surrounded Constantinople.
19. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 433
OBJ: S.14.1.5 Students will know advantages of Constantinople for defense and trade.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Survival of the Eastern Empire KEY: Constantinople | trade
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 433.
NOT: Constantinople's location between Eastern Europe and Asia made it an ideal destination for western
European traders hoping to buy products from Asia.
20. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 438
OBJ: S.14.2.1 Students will know that bishops and patriarchs governed the early Christian church.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Division of the Christian Church KEY: bishop | apostolic succession
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 438.
NOT: Bishops pointed to the tradition of apostolic succession as the source of their authority.
21. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 439
OBJ: S.14.2.3 Students will know that eventually divisions between East and West led to a permanent split
between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches.
TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Division of the Christian Church KEY: Great Schism | Church | Christianity
MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 439.
NOT: After the Great Schism, the Roman Catholic Church followed Western tradition.
22. ANS: A PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. p. 440
OBJ: S.14.3.1 Students will know that the Byzantine empire developed its own culture while maintaining
the Greco-Roman legacy. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization
 KEY: culture | Byzantine | Eastern Orthodox Christianity MSC: Remediation: Go to SE page 440.
NOT: Eastern Orthodox Christianity was a very strong influence on Byzantine culture.
23. ANS: B PTS: 3 DIF: L3 REF: S. pp. 442-443
OBJ: S.14.3.3 Students will know that Byzantine culture and Eastern Orthodox religion spread to Eastern
Europe and Russia. TOP: The Byzantine Empire | Byzantine Civilization
KEY: Cyril | Methodius | Eastern Europe MSC: Remediation: Go to SE pages 442-443.
NOT: Many Eastern Europeans still practice Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which Cyril and Methodius first
introduced to the region.