A Project Report

On
“A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS PETROL CARS AND DIESEL CARS ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

By
Mr. Gopi chandra gupta
1710101085

Under the guideance of

Chandranath Singha Sir

Professor
Faulty of management
Invertis university, bareilly.

INVERTIS UNIVERSITY, BAREILLY(U.P.)

SESSION 2019-20
 CERTIFICATE

TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. Gopi chandra gupta student of BBA 5TH semester in our institute has
successfully completed his Project Report Entitled “A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING
BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS PETROL CARS AND DIESEL CARS ” for the partial
fulfillment of the degree of bachelor of Business Administration for the session 2019-20.

___________________ _______________ _______________________

Prof. Manish Gupta. Dr. Dheeraj Gandhi DR. Chandranath singha sir
( Dean Management) (HOD BBA &BCOM) (Professor)
 STUDENT DECLARATION

PPRe

PPasP

I Gopi chandra gupta a Bonafide student of BBA in Invertis University, Bareilly

would like to declare that the project entitled A Study on consumer buying
behaviour towards petrol cars and diesel cars submitted by me in partial fulfillment
for the requirement of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, is my
original work.

Place: Bareilly

Date: 31st October 2019 Signature of the Candidate

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If words are considered to be signs of sincere gratitude then let these words convey the very
same. My sincere gratitude to Mr. Tarun Gupta (Summer Training / project coordinator) and
giving necessary directions on doing this project to the best of my abilities.

I am highly indebted to Mr. Chandranath Singha Sir who provided me with the necessary
information and also for the support extended out to me in the completion of this report and his
valuable suggestion and comments on bringing out this report in the best way possible.

So in the same sequence at very first, I would like to acknowledge my parents because of whom
I got the existence in the world for the inception and the conception of this project. Later on I
would like to confer the flower of acknowledgement to faculty members who taught me that how
to do project through appropriate tools and techniques. I would like to give thanks to Dr. Dheeraj
Gandhi Sir (Head of department-BBA &BCOM) Invertis University, Bareilly.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.no Particulars PAGE NO.

1. Chapter 1 - Introduction

2. Chapter 2 - Literature Review

3. Chapter 3 – Research Objectives / Research Design

/ Methodology
4. Chapter 4 - Data Presentation & Interpretation

5. Chapter 5 - Research Findings

6. Conclusion / Research Scope/ Limitations

7. Bibliography

8. Appendices

9. Project Guide Comments

LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND
NOMENCLATURE
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Diesel is consumed for a variety of purposes and India relies heavily (around 80 per cent)on
imported crude oil (the principle raw material) for its production. This in turn gives rise to a host of
concerns including, on pricing mechanism that on one hand influences technology adoption and
resource allocation, while on the other hand impacts current account and fiscal balance. As a
consequence, price of diesel and efforts to maintain its uninterrupted availability has engaged the
attention of policy and decision makers of automobile sector. There is recent diesel price
deregulation in India which is rightly going to affect the buying behavior of customers. The
marginal utility of petrol and diesel cars is found to be same. So after comparing all the factors
while buying a car, petrol cars rightly fit into the picture of customers choice. These factors include
tax for diesel cars, fuel cost, maintenance cost, resale value etc. The manufacturers of automobile
needs to think over this recent fuel deregulation and plan the strategy accordingly with customer’s
perspective.

Petrol engine cars

A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition,
designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually mixed after compression (although some modern petrol
engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but
now it is done by electronically controlled fuel injection, except in small engines where the
cost/complication of electronics does not justify the added engine efficiency. The process differs from
a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the
combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed (and therefore heated), and the fuel is
injected into very hot air at the end of the compression stroke, and self-ignites.
 Diesel engine cars
The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel,
is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of
the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical compression (adiabatic compression). This contrasts with
spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine(gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as
opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.
Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to
such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously.
With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion, the dispersion of the fuel is uneven; this
is called a heterogeneous air-fuel mixture. The torque a diesel engine produces is controlled by
manipulating the air ratio; instead of throttling the intake air, the diesel engine relies on altering the
amount of fuel that is injected, and the air ratio is usually high.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency (engine efficiency) of any
practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and
inherent leanburn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided
compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburned fuel is not present at valve
overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel
engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant)
can reach effective efficiencies of up to 55%.
Diesel engines may be designed as either two-stroke or four-stroke cycles. They were originally used as
a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they have been used
in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electricity generation plants
followed later. In the 1930s, they slowly began to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s, the use
of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the US has increased. According to Konrad
Reif, the EU average for diesel cars accounts for half of newly registered cars.
The world's largest diesel engines put in service are 14-cylinder, two-stroke watercraft diesel engines;
they produce a peak power of almost 100 MW each.
 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific
procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not
been discovered as yet.

Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as
falling into a number of following broad groupings:

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this
object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies);

2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group

(studies with this object in view are known as descriptive research studies);

3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with
something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies);
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies are known as
hypothesis-testing research studies).

The following objectives are selected for the present study:

1. To know the status of consumer education, protection and awareness among the people.

2. To study the role and importance of consumer movement in India.

3. To take review of the Consumer Protections Acts in India.

4. To study the consumer protection machineries for consumer awareness, consumer protections
and for solving the consumer disputes and grievances.

5. To know the future challenges before consumer movement.

6. To know the various shortcomings at the stage of implementation of the Act.

7. To know how the Consumer Forums can be made more powerful and effective.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as
a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is
an art of scientific investigation. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays
down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for
new facts in any branch of knowledge.”

As such the term ‘research’ refers to the systematic Methodology consisting of enunciating the
problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data, analyzing the facts and reaching
certain conclusions either in the form of solutions(s) towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalizations for some theoretical formulation.

RESEARCH
 DESIGN

“A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.” In
fact, the research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it
constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.

The important features of a research design as under:

(i) It is a plan that specifies the sources and types of information relevant to the research
problem.

(ii) It is a strategy specifying which approach will be used for gathering and analyzing the data.

(iii) It also includes the time and cost budgets since most studies are done under these two
constraints.

In brief, research design must, at least, contain—(a) a clear statement of the research problem;
(b) procedures and techniques to be used for gathering information; (c) the population to be
studied; and (d) methods to be used in processing and analyzing data.

NEED FOR RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research
operations, thereby making research as efficient as possible yielding maximal information with
minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Just as for better, economical and attractive
construction of a house, we need a blueprint (or what is commonly called the map of the house)
well thought out and prepared by an expert architect, similarly we need a research design or a
plan in advance of data collection and analysis for our research project. Research design stands
for advance planning of the methods to be adopted for collecting the relevant data and the
techniques to be used in their analysis, keeping in view the objective of the research and the
availability of staff, time and money. Preparation of the research design should be done with
great care as any error in it may upset the entire project. Research design, in fact, has a great
bearing on the reliability of the results arrived at and as such constitutes the firm foundation of
the entire edifice of the research work.

Research Process
 1. Formulating the research problem
2. Extensive literature survey
3. Development of working hypotheses
4. Preparing the research design
5. Determining sample design
6. Collecting the data
7. Execution of the project
8. Analysis of data
9. Hypothesis-testing
10.Generalisations and interpretation
11.Preparation of the report or the thesis

CHAPTER-4
DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION

Name 52 responses

Sunidhi Malick

Ishita sharma

Rishabh bhatnagar

Arpita

Sana

Pragat imishra

Manjot

Tanya

Akash maheshwari
Aniket rawat

Rohit Saxena

Aayush Mohan saxena

Anil kumar saxena

Gaurav Shukla

Swati

Swati Bhatnagar

Naina Rastogi

Saurav kumar singh

Pravar Nigam

Suminesh Saxena

Ranjan KUmar

Salimin khan

Nitin Kumar Singh

priyanka

Kunal Kapoor

Anamika singh

Surbhi Prajapati

Gurpreet Singh

Divya singh

Saurabh singh

Mayank

Priyanka braham

Rama saxena

Prachi chauhan

Sonal mishra
Sameer

Abhishek

Shafaque modi

Tarun

Mansi Saxena

Manish maheshwari

Sunita Gangwar

Shobha

Ankit agarwal

Tarun maheshwari

Sanket

Rajesh Kumar Saxena

Meenu singh

Rachit shrivatava

Aakriti Verma

Surbhi

Vanshika shrivastava
.
 CHAPTER – 5
RESEARCH FINDINGS

1) Occupation
Out of 53 responses
Government job 5.7%
Private job 24.5%
Self employed 7.5%
student 62.3%

2) Gender
Out of 53 responses
male 49.1%
female 50.9%

3) Age
Out of 53 responses
Below 5 years 0%
5-14 5.7%
15-64 94.3%
65 and above 0%

4) Education
Out of 53 responses
high school 5.7%
intermediate 30.2%
graduation 45.3%
Post graduation 18.9%

5) Monthly income
In this question we got only 41 responses
Up to 10000 51.2%
10000-25000 17.1%
25000-50000 19.5%
50000 and above 12.2%
6) What is the last product you have purchased from market recently?
for this ques. we got 53 responses
 FMCG product 11.3%
Electronics 22.6%
Clothing 52.8%
others 13.2%
7) Do you find the product costly?
For this ques. we got 53 responses
Yes 22.6%
No 45.3%
maybe 32.1%

8) Are you satisfied with the quality of the product

For this ques. we got 53 responses
yes 83%
no 9.4%
maybe 7.5%

9) Do you examine the expiry date of the items you buy?

For this ques. we got 53 responses
Yes 69.8%
No 26.4%
maybe 3.8%

10) Do you check the MRP (Maximum Retail Price) before buying a
product?
For this ques. we got 52 responses
yes 94.2%
no 5.8%

11) Are you charged the MRP or more than/less than the MRP?
For this ques. we got 52 responses
Yes 53.8%
no 46.2%
12) Do you ask the shopkeeper to check the weight of the products
mentioned on the items?
For this ques. we got 52 responses
Yes 21.2%
No 67.3%
maybe 11.5%

13) Have you ever come across adulteration or duplication items?

For this ques. we got 51 responses
Yes 56.9%
no 43.1%

14) If yes to question (13), did you complain to:

For this ques. we got 46 responses
Shopkeeper 54.3%
Main supplier 19.6%
Any other 26.1%

15) What was the response to your complaint?

For this ques. we got 45 responses
satisfactory 33.33%
Non satisfactory 37.8%
No response 28.9%

16) Are you aware of your rights as consumers?

For this ques. we got 52 responses
Yes 78.8%
No 9.6%
maybe 11.5%

17) Do you know the location of Consumer Forum in your area?

For this ques. we got 52 responses
 Yes 42.3%
No 53.8%
maybe 3.9%

18) Are you aware about the procedure to Lodge a complaint as per
Consumer Protection Act, 1986?
For this ques. we got 51 responses
yes 66.7%
no 33.3%

19) Have you ever been victim of deficiency in service and/or unfair
trade practices?
For this ques. we got 49 responses
yes 40.8%
no 59.2%

20) Which factors motivate you the most, as a consumer, to approach

Consumer Forums for redressal of your grievances about a
product/service?
For this ques. we got 49 responses
Sense of loss of money 12.25
Loss of health 28.6%
Anger over harassment or ill treatment 10.2%
by the seller
Feeling of being cheated 20.4%
Any other cause 28.6%
21) Do you deny the receipt after purchasing goods from the seller?
For this ques. we got 51 responses
Yes 23.5%
no 76.5%
 CONCLUSION

 In this survey we have seen that many of the consumers are still not aware about their
rights and duties. Out of 100 % there are 23.5% of consumers who deny to take the
receipts after purchasing goods from the seller.
This happens mostly in hotels.
 Out of 100% there are 40.8% consumers who have been victim of unfair trade practice.
 There are still 33.33% consumers who are unaware about the procedure to lodge a
complaint.
 Still 9.6% consumers are not aware about their rights.
 There are 26.4% consumers who do not check the expiry date of the product.
 Out of 100% complaints only 33.3% response was satisfactory.
 RESEARCH SCOPE

 As many of the purchase was not having proper bill, it was lacking the
required evidence so one should take every bill after purchasing any
product.
 Many of the consumers are not aware of their rights and they remain
silent when they were exploited so one should be aware about their
rights and duties.
 Consumer education should enable the buyers to purchase those goods which maximize
his satisfaction with minimum cost.
Therefore consumer education should deal with
 Quality
 Quantity
 Function
 Cost benefits
 Comparable elements
 Gov. laws
 Agencies
 Consumer cooperative relationship
 LIMITATIONS

 The technique which I used was modern technique if I had used traditional technique then
there might be chance for the accurate results.
 Stipulated short span of time for survey.
 Study accuracy totally based upon the respondents response.
 There is no surety of how accurate the data is as some people might have fill the form in
hurry and might have not read the questions carefully.
 As the sample size of the survey was so small and comprise of only 50 respondents, the
results may prone to some errors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 APPENDICES
(Duty and responsibility of consumers)

Personal Information

i. Name____________________________________________________________

ii. Occupation ________________________________________________________

iii. gender(M/F/Other) __________________________________________________

iv. Address _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

1. Age (In years)___________

a) Below 5
b) 5-14
c) 15-64
d) 65 and above

2. You completed yet

 a) High school
b) Intermediate
c) Graduation
d) Post graduation

3. Monthly Income
( In Rs/-)
a) Up to 10000
b) 10000-25000
c) 25000-50000
d) 50000-100000
e) 100000 and above
__________________________________________________________
 Part 2
4. What is the last product you have purchased from market recently?

Ans-___________________________________________

5. Do you find the product costly?

a) Yes
b) No

6. Are you satisfied with the quality of the product ? if no, mention the reason.
a) Yes
b) No ________________________________________

7. Do you examine the expiry date of the items you buy?

a) Yes
b) No
8. Do you check the MRP (Maximum Retail Price) before buying a product?
a) Yes
b) No
9. Are you charged the MRP or more than/less than the MRP?
a) Yes
b) No
10. Do you ask the shopkeeper to check the weight of the products mentioned on the items?
a) Yes
b) No
11. Have you ever come across adulteration or duplication items?
a) Yes
b) No
12. If yes to question (11), did you complain to:
a) Shopkeeper
b) Main Supplier
c) Any Other
13. What was the response to your complaint?
a) Satisfactory
b) Not Satisfactory
c) No Response

14. Are you aware of your rights as consumers?

a) Yes
b) No
15. Do you know the location of Consumer Forum in your area?

a) Yes
b) No
16. Are you aware about the procedure to Lodge a complaint as per Consumer Protection Act,
1986?

a) Yes
b) No

17. Have you ever been victim of deficiency in service and/or unfair trade practices?

a) Yes

b) No

18. Which factors motivate you the most, as a consumer, to approach a Consumer Forums for redressal
of your grievances about a product/service?

a) Sense of loss of money

b) Loss of health
c) Anger over harassment or ill treatment by the seller
d) feeling of being cheated
e) Any other causes
19. Do you deny the receipt after purchasing goods from the seller?

a) Yes
b) No
Project Guide Comments