6220-3-4P AID:67890|19/03/2018

Here SPM is concave refracting surface

n1∧n2 are refracting indices∧c is centre of curvature .
L = n1OS - n2 SQ
Consider op

n2
n1
S

O Q C r P
y

Paraxial image formation by concave refracting surface SPM

We have to find the values of OS and SQ.

From triangle OSC We have
OS 2 = OC 2 + SC 2 + 2OC ( SC ) COSq
OC = r
SC = x - r
q2
COSq = 1 -
2
� q2 �
OS 2 = r 2 + ( x - r ) + 2r ( x - r ) �
2
1- �
� 2�
� q2 �
OS 2 = r 2 + x 2 + r 2 - 2 xr + ( 2 xr - 2 r 2 ) �
1- �
� 2�
On solving above equation we will get
1 � 1 1�2
OS = x + r 2 � - � q
2 �x r �

Now we have to find the value of SQ

Consider triangle SQC
SQ 2 = SC 2 + QC 2 + 2 ( SC ) ( QC ) COSq
SC = r
QC = y - r
� q2 �
COSq = �
1- �
� 2�

substituting these values in above equation we will get

� q2 �
SQ 2 = r 2 + ( y - r ) + 2r ( y - r ) �
2
1- �
� 2 �On solving the equation we will get
1 �1 1 � 2
SQ = y + r 2 � - � q
2 �y r �

From, Lop =n1 os−n2 SQ Substitute OS,SQ In this equation we get

� 1 2 �1 1 � 2 � � 1 2 �1 1 � 2 �
Lop = n1 �
x+ r � - � q �- n2 �y + r � - �
q �
� 2 �x r � � � 2 �y r � �
1 �1 1�2 1 �1 1�2
Lop = n1 x + n1r 2 � - �q - n2 y - n2 r 2 � - �q
2 �x r � 2 �y r �
1 � n n ( n - n ) �2
Lop = n1 x - n2 y - r 2 �2 - 1 - 1 2 � q
2 �y x r �

For optical path to be extremum we must have

dLop � n n (n -n ) �
= 0 = r 2 �2 - 1 - 2 1 �
dq �y x r �
n2 n1 ( n2 - n1 )
- =
y x r

Here, x = -u ,y = -v , r = -R .
Than we have
n2 n1 ( n2 - n1 )
- =
v u R

THIS EQUATION IS form of equation determining the paraxial image point.