From the water analysis presented below, determine the amount of lime and soda (mg/L as CaCO3)

to soften the water to 120 mg/L as CaCO3

Water composition (mg/L as CaCO3)

Ca2+ = 149.2 CO2 = 29.3 HCO3-= 185.0

Mg2+ = 65.8 SO42-=29.8

Na+ = 17.4 Cl-= 17.6

Solution

1) Plot the bar chart as shown below

2) From the bar chart , we note following

TH = 215 mg/L as CaCO3

CH = 185 mg/L as CaCO3

if TH > alk CH = Alk

NCH = 30 mg/L as CaCO3

NCH = TH –CH

3) Follow the logic of Figure in Slide 38, calculate the lime dose as follows

Step Dose (mg/L as CaCO3)

Lime = CO2 29.3

Lime = HCO3- 185.0

Lime = Mg2+ - 40 = 65.8 - 40 25.8

Lime = excess 25.8

TOTAL = 265.9
4) Calculate NCH left and NCH removed

NCH left = final desired hardness – 40

NCH removed = NCH – NCH left

Therefore,

NCH left = 120– 40 = 80 mg/L

NCH removed = NCHi-NCHleft=30 – 80 = -50 ( negative is indicating there is no need to remove NCH, no
SODA required )