khilji Dynasty

The founder of the Khalji Dynasty in South Asia, Malik Firuz, was originally the
Ariz-i-Mumalik appointed by Kaiqubad during the days of decline of the Slave
Dynasty. He took advantage of the political vacuum that was created due to the
incompetence of the successors of Balban. To occupy the throne, he only had to
remove the infant Sultan Kaimurs.

The Khiljis, wrongly believed to be Afghans, were actually Turks who had for a
long time settled in the region of Afghanistan, called Khalji had adopted Afghan
manners and customs. There for their coming to the thrown of Delhi is called
"Khalji" revulusion. The Ghazani's and Ghori's invasions, and Mongol pressure
from Central Asia had pushed them into India.

The term Khilji was their-designation, meaning in Turkic languages "swordsman".

Although they had played a conspicuous role in the success of Turkic armies in
India, they had always been locked down upon by the leading Turks, the
dominant group during the Slave dynasty.

Jalauddin Khalji: 1290-1296 AD

 Jalaluddin Kjilji founded Khilji dynasty
 He followed mild and generous policies
 This generous policy of the Sultan affected his foreign policy as well. In
1290, he invaded the fort of Ranthambhor. In 1294, Ala-ud-din nephew of
Jalal-ud-din, invaded Ramchandra, the ruler of Devagiri in the south.
Ramchandra was defeated and Ala-ud-din returneed with an immense
booty.

Alauddin Khalji: 1296-1316 AD

 He was a nephew and son-in-law of Jalaluddin Khilji. Alauddin Khilji killed
him and succeeded the throne in 1296.
 He was the first Turkish Sultan of Delhi who seperated religion from
 politics. He proclaimed 'Kingship knows no Kinship'.
 Alauddin's Imperialism : Alauddin annexed Gujarat (1298), Ranthambhor
(1301), Mewar (1303), Malwa (1305), Jalor (1311). In Deccan, Aluddin's
army led by Malik Kafur defeated Ram Chandra, Pratap Rudradeva, Vir
ballal III and Vir Pandya.
 The most important experiment undertaken by the Alauddin was the
attempt to control the markets. Alauddin sought to control the prices of all
commodities, from foodgrains to horse, and from cattle and slaves to costly
imported cloth.

Economic Reforms (1304)

o Introduction of Dagh or branding of horses and Chehra
o Confiscation of the religious endowments and free grants of lands
o Creation of new department viz Diwan-i-Mustakhraj to enquire into
the revenue arears and to collect them
o Establishment of separate markets for foodgrains cloth, horses,
fruits etc

Administrative Reforms Ordinances

o Reorganised the Spy system
o Prohibition on use of wine in Delhi
o Nobles should not intermarry without his permission.
o Confiscated the properties of Nobles classes.

Military Reforms
o Introduced the first permanent standing army of India
o Abolition of Iqtas of royal troppers and the payment of their
salaries in crash.
o Regular muster of the army.

Shihabuddin Omar: 1316 AD

Mubarak Khan: 1316-1320 AD
 After the death of Kafur (1316), Mubarak Khan was freed from prison and
was appointed as regent for Shiab-ud-din. He captured the throne at the
first opportunity he got, but could rule only for 4 years as he sank into
debauchry and could not give up his dissipated lifestyle. He awarded his
lover Hassan authority over the army and place guards, and the latter soon
obtained full control over the Sultan's palace. Hassan was given the tittle
Khusarau Khan by the Sultan and within months Khasrau killed Mubarak
Khan and assumed the title of Nasir-ud-din in mid 1320.

Khusro Khan: 1320 AD

 Khusrau Khan was killed by Ghazni Khan, governor of Dipalpur when he
tried to oppose a rebellion by Ghazni Malik and his son Fakhr-ud-din Jaima.
This marked the ned of the Khalji dynasty and the rise of Tughlaq dynasty at
the throne of Delhi.