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High Commission of India, Dhaka
www.hcidhaka.gov.in; /IndiaInBangladesh
@ihcdhaka; /hcidhaka; /HCIDhaka

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D`&hvcb fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv w`em

15 AvM÷ 1947 fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv w`em| weªwUk ivRkw³i kvmbKZ©…Z¡ †_‡K
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gvbyl cÖvY nvivb Ges †`o †KvwUi †ewk gvbyl ev¯‘nviv nb| 1947 mv‡ji 15
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jvj †Kjøvi jv‡nvwi †M‡Ui Dci fvi‡Zi RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib|

10 AvM÷ 2019
Zvici †_‡K cÖwZ eQi ¯^vaxbZv w`em Dcj‡¶ fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x
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gva¨‡g mviv †`‡k ¯^vaxbZv w`em D`&hvwcZ nq| Gw`b wk¶vcÖwZôvb
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QzwUi w`b nIqvq me©ÎB cVbcvVb I KvRKg© eÜ _v‡K|
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Zuv‡`i evwYR¨KzwV cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| Aóv`k kZvãxi g‡a¨
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cÖavb kw³ wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i cÖwZôv K‡i| 1857 mv‡j cÖ_g ¯^vaxbZv
hy‡×i c‡ii eQi fviZ kvmb AvBb cvm nq Ges G AvBb e‡j weªwUk
ivRkw³ †Kv¤úvwbi kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q fvi‡Zi kvmbfvi wb‡Ri
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wkw¶Z GK bvMwiK mgv‡Ri D™¢e N‡U| GB mgqKvi me©v‡c¶v
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvwU nj 1885 mv‡j †ev¤^vB‡qi †MvKzj `vm †ZR cvj
ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡R fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖwZôv| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci
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AvBb Agvb¨ Av‡›`vjb Nbxf‚Z nq|
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msµvšÍ cÖ¯ÍvewU‡K AvBbZ wewae× K‡i| G AvB‡b †h wbe©vP‡bi
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NUbv GB `k‡KB N‡U|
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g‡a¨ RvZxqZvev` RvMÖZ Kiv Ges weªwUk miKvi‡K ¯^vaxbZv
Aby‡gv`‡b eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ G ¯^vaxbZv w`em D`hvc‡bi wm×všÍ
†bIqv n‡qwQj| 1930 †_‡K 1946 mvj ch©šÍ 26 Rvbyqvwi ZvwiLwU
Ks‡MÖm ¯^vaxbZv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb K‡i| †m-mgq ¯^vaxbZv w`em
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I AvBb Agvb¨ Kivi bvbv Kg©m~wPi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb| 1947 mv‡j
fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci 1950 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi fvi‡Zi
msweavb wewae× nq| Zvici †_‡K 26 Rvbyqvwi fvi‡Zi cÖRvZš¿
w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
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n‡q wM‡qwQj| †m-mgq m`¨-wbe©vwPZ †jevi miKvi Abyfe K‡i,
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wbf©i‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, ZvI miKvi Abyfe K‡i| GgZve¯’vq 1947
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1948 mv‡ji 30 Ry‡bi g‡a¨B weªwUk miKvi fvi‡Zi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv
Aby‡gv`b Ki‡Z P‡j‡Q| Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg wj‡Mi g‡a¨ µgvMZ
ZK©weZK© I evKweZÐv AšÍe©Z©x miKv‡ii cZ‡bi KviY n‡q `uvov‡Z
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n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii ZvwiLwU GwM‡q Av‡bb Ges wØZxq wek¦hy‡× Rvcv‡bi
AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi wØZxq el©c~wZ©i ZvwiL 15 AvM÷‡K ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii
ZvwiL wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bb| 1947 mv‡ji 3 Ryb weªwUk miKvi weªwUk
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¯^vaxb Awaiv‡R¨ wefvwRZ nq| GB AvBb Kvh©Ki nq 1947 mv‡ji
14 AvM÷ Ges †mB m‡½ beMwVZ `yB iv‡óªi wbR wbR MYcwil‡`i
Dci m¤ú~Y© AvBbwefvMxq KZ©…Z¡ Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
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AvM÷ 2019 11
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euvkix‡K| eY©gq ivR‰bwZK Rxeb wQj mylgvi| 1952 mv‡ji 14 †deªæqvwi
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib wZwb| gvÎ cuwPk eQi eq‡m nwiqvbv gwš¿mfvq RvqMv cvb
KwbôZgv m`m¨v wn‡m‡e| Gici ïayB DÌv‡bi Kvwnwb| mvZevi jvMvZvi wbe©vwPZ
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we‡`kgš¿x| Bw›`iv MvÜxi ci wZwbB wØZxq gwnjv, whwb †`‡ki we‡`k gš¿‡Ki
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12 AvM÷ 2019
RbZv cvwU©i nvZ a‡i ivR‰bwZK †Kwiqvi ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb mylgv|
1977 mv‡j nwiqvbvq cÖ_g wbe©vwPZ nb mylgv| gvÎ 25 eQi eq‡m
iv‡R¨i gš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| Gici 1987 mv‡j †di wbe©vwPZ
n‡qwQ‡jb ¯^ivR| †jvKmfvq Zuvi my`¶ fvl‡Yi Rb¨ mevi gb
Rq K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb mylgv| 1996 mv‡j Av¯’v †fv‡Ui mgq mylgvi
RvZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z Dcw¯’wZ mevi we‡kl K‡i ivR‰bwZK gn‡ji
bRi †K‡owQj| 1996 mv‡j 13 w`‡bi evR‡cqx miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg
m`m¨ wQ‡jb mylgv| gwnjv ivRbxwZwe` wn‡m‡e wZwb AvBK‡b
cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| †kl‡gk `xN© ivR‰bwZK Bwbs‡mi ci wØZxq
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Ab¨Zg fimv wQ‡jb mylgv| ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Z_¨ I m¤úªPvi gš¿x wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ mvg‡jwQ‡jb mylgv| 2004 mv‡j BDwcG †Pqvicvm©b †mvwbqv
MvÜx‡K wb‡q PvÂj¨Ki gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, hv wb‡q †Zvjcvo n‡qwQj
RvZxq ivRbxwZ| 2009 mv‡j †jvKmfv †fv‡U we‡Rwci civR‡qi
ci †jvKmfvq we‡ivax †bÎxi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb mylgv| 2014
mv‡j †gv`x miKv‡ii nvZ a‡i we‡`kgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ Kuv‡a Zz‡j †bb
mylgv| mylgvB wQ‡jb †`‡ki cÖ_g c~Y© mg‡qi gwnjv we‡`kgš¿x|
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Gevi GKbR‡i †`‡L †bIqv hvK Zuvi Rxe‡bi bvbv gyn~‡Z©i K_v:
w`wjøi cÖ_g gwnjv gyL¨gš¿x
mylgv ¯^ivR Lye Kg eq‡m mvsm` wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| cÂ`k
†jvKmfvq wZwb †jvKmfvi we‡ivax `j‡bÎx wbe©vwPZ nb| 1977
†_‡K 1982 Ges 1987 †_‡K 1990 mvjÑ `yÕevi wZwb nwiqvbv
†_‡K weavqK wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| 1998 mv‡j w`wjø­i cÖ_g gwnjv
gyL¨gš¿x wbe©vwPZ nb| MZ K‡qK `k‡K fviZxq ivRbxwZ‡Z Zuvi
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me©Kwbô mvsm` nb
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1952 mv‡j Rb¥
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BDwbfvwm©wU †_‡K GjGjwe K‡ib|
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1970 mv‡j Av¤^vjv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui GmwW K‡jR †_‡K wZwb †miv
QvÎxi cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| ivRbxwZi cvkvcvwk msMxZ Ges wewfbœ
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†bb| wZwb wQ‡jb wg‡Rviv‡gi ivR¨cvj| 1973 mvj †_‡K mylgv
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ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|
G‡Ki cii GK K…wZZ¡
Bw›`iv MvÜx cÖavbgš¿x _vKvKvjxb Zuvi weiæ‡× A‡bK c_mfv K‡ib
mylgv| wZwb fviZxq RbZv cvwU©‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki ci Riæwi Ae¯’vi mgq
ivRbxwZ‡Z Rwo‡q c‡ob| wZwb Gfv‡eB ax‡i ax‡i ivRbxwZ‡Z nvZ
cvKvb| gvÎ 27 eQi eq‡m nwiqvbvi RbZv cvwU©i ivR¨ mfv‡bÎx
wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb mylgv| 1977 mv‡j gvÎ 25 eQi eq‡m †`‡ki
me©Kwbô msm` wbe©vwPZ nb| 1979 mv‡j gvÎ 27 eQi eq‡m nwiqvbv
RbZv cvwU©i mfv‡bÎx wbe©vwPZ nb| †KvbI GKwU RvZxq `‡ji cÖ_g
gwnjv gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e mylgv ¯^ivRB cÖ_g `vwqZ¡fvi mvg‡jwQ‡jb|
w`wjøi cÖ_g gyL¨gš¿x nIqvi K…wZZ¡I Zuvi `L‡j|
we‡`kgš¿x wnmv‡e mdj
†jvKmfvq we‡ivax `‡ji cÖ_g gwnjv `j‡bÎxI wbe©vwPZ nb mylgv
¯^ivR| 2014 mv‡ji 26 †g †K‡›`ªi we‡`kgš¿x wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡fvi
mvgjvb| Gici Uvbv 5 eQi wZwb we‡`k gš¿‡Ki `vwqZ¡ mvgjvb|
Z‡e 2019 mv‡ji †jvKmfv wbe©vP‡b kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y
wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ibwb wZwb| gvSLv‡b GKevi wKWwbi AmyL
n‡qwQj| Gici AvPgKv ü`‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q g„Zz¨|
w`wjøi †jvwa k¥kv‡b †klK…Z¨
7 AvM÷, 2019 c~Y© ivóªxq gh©v`vq mylgvi †klK…Z¨ m¤úbœ nq w`wjøi
†jvwa k¥kv‡b| g„Zy¨Kv‡j eqm n‡qwQj 67| mylgv ¯^ivR‡K †kl
kÖ×v Rvbvb cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gvw`, ivóªcwZ ivgbv_ †Kvwe›`| mylgv
¯^iv‡Ri cÖqv‡Y †kvKcÖKvk K‡ib cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gvw`| mylgvi
g„Zy¨‡Z †kvKvnZ ivûj MvÜxIÑ UzBUv‡i †kvKcÖKvk K‡ib ivûj|
mylgvi cÖqv‡Y †kvKcÖKvk K‡ib ggZv e‡›`¨vcva¨vqIÑ †j‡Lb,
ÔMfxifv‡e †kvKvnZ| Avwg Iu‡K 1990 mvj †_‡K wPwb| AmvaviY
ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| Lye fvj gvbyl wQ‡jbÕ| †kvK cÖKvk
K‡ib cÖv³b ivóªcwZ cÖYe gy‡Lvcva¨vq, cÖv³b †K›`ªxq A_©gš¿x AiæY
†RUwjmn A‡b‡K| Kvk¥x‡i 370 aviv i` nIqvi ci cÖavbgš¿x‡K
ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q UzB‡U †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq eive‡ii mwµq mylgv †j‡Lb,
ÔGB w`bwU RxeÏkvq †`L‡Z cvIqvi Rb¨ b‡i›`ª †gvw`Rx‡K ab¨ev`|Õ
GwUB wQj Zuvi †kl UzBU|
†Ku‡` †dj‡jb †gvw`
mylgv ¯^iv‡Ri g„Zy¨ cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gvw`i Kv‡Q Ôe¨w³MZ ¶wZÕ|
eyaevi w`wjø‡Z cÖv³b we‡`kgš¿xi cÖwZ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z wM‡q †Ku‡`
†d‡jb cÖavbgš¿x| mylgvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i m‡½ K_v e‡jb| Gi
Av‡M UzBU K‡i †gvw` †j‡Lb, ÔmylgvwRi g„Zy¨ e¨w³MZ ¶wZ| †`‡ki
Rb¨ Dwb hv K‡i‡Qb, †mRb¨ Iu‡K †KD KLbI fzj‡eb bv| †hfv‡e
MZ 5 eQ‡i we‡`kgš¿x wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡QbÑ Zv AfvebxqÕ|
F‡Zk †Nvl fviZxq mvsevw`K
AvM÷ 2019 13
weÁvb
K ¶ c ‡_ P ›`ª hv b - 2
mdj †`kxq cÖhyw³‡Z P›`ª-gyLx weµg
kÖxnwi‡KvUv| 22 RyjvB, 2019|- cuvP, Pvi, wZb, `yB, GK...| w`M‡šÍ wQU‡K
DVj evûejx| ¸g-¸g kã, †auvqvi KzÐjx Qwo‡q gnvKv‡k cvwo w`j †m|
fvi‡Zi wØZxq P›`ªhvb‡K gv_vq wb‡q| wgwWqv †m›Uv‡ii Qv‡` nvZZvwj Avi
nl©aŸwb‡Z Kvb cvZv `vq| †mB Djøv‡m kwiK Bm‡ivi AvwaKvwiK, †K›`ªxq Z_¨-
m¤úªPvi gš¿‡Ki KΩx †_‡K mvsevw`K, GgbwK Lvevi mieiv‡ni `vwq‡Z¡ _vKv
†KUvwis ms¯’vi Kg©xivI|
14 RyjvB Mfxi iv‡Z (miKvwi wn‡m‡e 15 RyjvB, 2019) Dr‡¶c‡Yi 56
wgwbU 24 †m‡KÛ Av‡M _g‡K wM‡qwQj P›`ªhvÎv| Zvi GK mßvn c‡i, †mvgevi
†ejv 2‡Uv 43 wgwb‡U wbwe©‡Nœ Puv‡` cvwo w`j fviZxq gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯’v
(Bm‡iv)-i `~Z, P›`ªhvb-2| Bm‡iv Rvwb‡q‡Q, wRGmGjwf gvK© w_ª Ii‡d evûejx
i‡KU Dr‡¶c‡Yi ci 16 wgwbU 14 †m‡K‡Û P›`ªhvb-2-†K wbw`©ó K¶c‡_ †cŠu‡Q
w`‡q‡Q| A_©vr Dr‡¶cY mdj|
kÖxnwi‡KvUvi AvKv‡k ZLbI evûejxi †Q‡o hvIqv †auvqv| bqvw`wjø‡Z wb‡Ri mwPevjq †_‡K
ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡jb cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gv`x| Bm‡ivi KZ©viv Rvbv‡jb, Dr‡¶c‡Yi c‡iB P›`ªhvb-2-Gi

14 AvM÷ 2019
m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q †e½vjyiæi weqvjyjy‡Z Aew¯’Z Bm‡ivi
wWc †¯úm †bUIqvK© A¨v‡›Ubv| ¯^w¯Íi Qvc gy‡L, Bm‡ivi †Pqvig¨vb
†K wkeb ej‡jb, ÔGKUv mgm¨vq cÖ_gevi Dr‡¶cY _g‡K wM‡qwQj|
wKš‘ Bm‡iv cÖej cÖZv‡c †di Ab¨ †`‡ki m‡½ jovB‡q wd‡i‡Q| †m
w`b ivZ †_‡KB Bm‡ivi BwÄwbqv‡iiv Ni-msmvi, wekÖvgÑ mewKQz
†Q‡o †givgwZ‡Z †b‡g c‡owQ‡jb| 24 NÈvi g‡a¨B ÎæwU wPwýZ K‡i
i‡KU mvwi‡q †djv n‡qwQj| mdj Dr‡¶c‡Yi K…wZZ¡ wUg Bm‡ivi|Õ
me cÖ¯‘wZ mvivi c‡iI †Ubkb wQj cy‡iv`¯‘i| Dr‡¶c‡Yi
Av‡M wgwWqv †m›Uv‡i UvOv‡bv c`©vq hZevi wgkb K‡›Uªvj †m›Uv‡i
wkeb‡K †`Lv wM‡q‡Q. ZZeviB D‡Ø‡Mi Qvc aiv c‡o‡Q| GgbwK
Dcw¯’Z cÖv³b †Pqvig¨vb †K ivavK…òb Ges G Gm wKiYKzgvi‡KI
hvicibvB wPwšÍZ †`wL‡q‡Q| Dr‡¶c‡Yi 10 wgwbU Av‡M wgwWqv
†m›Uv‡ii Qv‡` `uvov‡bv Bm‡ivi gyLcvÎ we Avi ¸iæcÖmv` ej‡jb,
ÔcÖPÐ †Ubkb n‡”Q| mgq †hb KvU‡QB bv|Õ evûejx 3 nvRvi 850
wK‡jvMÖv‡gi P›`ªhvb‡K wb‡q †g‡Ni g‡a¨ wgwj‡q hvIqvi c‡iI Zuvi
†Ubkb Kv‡Uwb|
K‡›Uªvj iæg †_‡K G‡Ki ci GK †NvlYv n‡”Q: ÔZij R¡vjvwbi
`nb ïiæÕ, ÔKwVb R¡vjvwbi U¨v¼ wew”Qbœ njÕ, ÔZij R¡vjvwbi U¨v¼
wew”Qbœ njÕ...| Ôµv‡qv‡RwbK R¡vjvwbi `nb ïiæÕÑ ï‡bB AvKv‡k
gy‡Vv-nvZ Qzo‡jb ¸iæcÖmv`| GB µv‡qv‡RwbK ev AwZ-kxZj
R¡vjvwb e¨env‡ii cÖhyw³ cy‡ivcywi †`kxq| GiB U¨v‡¼ ÎæwUi Kvi‡Y
hvÎv _g‡K wM‡qwQj MZ mßv‡n| d‡j †`kxq µv‡qv‡RwbK cÖhyw³i
mvdj¨I cÖgvwYZ nj wRGmGjwf gvK© w_ª-i mdj hvÎvq| wb‡Ri
KvRwU wbLyuZfv‡e †m‡i evûejx wg‡k‡Q gnvKv‡k| Gevi hv Kivi
Ki‡e P›`ªhvb-2| Z‡e Puv‡`B _vg‡Q bv fviZ! evûejx iIbv w`‡ZB
Bm‡ivi GK KZ©v e‡jb, ÔgnvKv‡k gvbyl cvVv‡bv (MMbhvb cÖKí)
2022-Gi Av‡M n‡e bv| Zvi Av‡M m~‡h©i Kv‡Q cvwo †`Iqv †h‡Z
cv‡i|Õ Zuvi Bw½Z, m~‡h©i evB‡ii ¯Íi ev K‡ivbv A‡j bRi`vwii
Rb¨ ÔAvw`Z¨ Gj 1Õ †h‡Z cv‡i 2021-Gi g‡a¨B|
c„w_exi K¶c‡_ †cuŠ‡Q †Mj P›`ªhvb-2
Av‡Mi evi †_‡g wM‡qwQj 56 wgwbU 24 †m‡KÛ Av‡M| †mB av°v
mvg‡j Puv‡`i c‡_ cvwo w`j P›`ªhvb-2| Nwoi KuvUvq wVK `yÕ‡Uv
43 wgwb‡U AܪcÖ‡`‡ki kÖxnwi‡KvUvq mZxk aIqb gnvKvk M‡elYv
†K‡›`ªi j c¨vW †_‡K Puv‡`i D‡Ï‡k D‡o †Mj P›`ªhvb-2| †MvUv
†`‡k‡i bRi Gevi AšÍix‡¶| bRi i‡q‡Q bvmv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i we‡k¦i
cÖvq me †`‡ki gnvKvk M‡elYv ms¯’v¸wji| cvkvcvwk Bm‡ivi me
weÁvbx Ges wgk‡bi m‡½ hy³ mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q‡Qb Bm‡ivi
†Pqvig¨vb †K wmeb|
mdj Dr‡¶c‡Yi Rb¨ Bm‡ivi weÁvbx‡`i ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q‡Qb
cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gv`xI| Dr‡¶c‡Yi mgq wZwb wb‡RI `~i`k©‡b
jvBf †UwjKv÷ †`‡L‡Qb| †mB wfwWI †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq UzBU K‡i
weÁvbx Ges G wgk‡bi m‡½ hy³ mevB‡K Awfb›`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb
wZwb| GQvovI †K‡›`ªi gš¿x †_‡K †bZv, wewkó e¨w³ †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i †bU `ywbqvq eû mvaviY gvbylI Bm‡ivi weÁvbx‡`i Awfb›`b
I ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq †gv‡Ui Dci GKUvB e³e¨
D‡V G‡m‡Q, ÔM‡e©i gyn~Z©Õ|
Av‡Mievi cÖhyw³MZ ÎæwU aiv covq KvD›UWvDb _vwg‡q
w`‡qwQ‡jb weÁvbxiv| Z‡e Gevi Dr‡¶c‡Yi Av‡M †_‡KB Bm‡ivi
weÁvbxiv Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb cÖ¯‘wZc‡e© †KvbI mgm¨v ev ÎæwU aiv c‡owb|
mewKQz wVK c‡_ GwM‡q‡Q| †kl ch©šÍ mdjfv‡eB Puv‡`i c‡_ D‡o‡Q
P›`ªhvb|
Gevi GLbI ch©šÍ mdjfv‡eB mewKQz Pj‡Q, Rvbv‡”Qb Bm‡ivi
weÁvbxiv| Dr‡¶c‡Yi 16 wgwbU ci Pvjy n‡q‡Q µv‡qv‡RwbK BwÄb|
†cuŠ‡Q wM‡q‡Q c„w_exi K¶c‡_I|
Bm‡iv †Pqvig¨vb †K wme‡bi e³e¨
ÔAvwg g‡b Kwi, GB wgk‡bi ci gnvKvk M‡elYvi †¶‡Î fvi‡Zi cZvKv
AviI DuPz‡Z Do‡e| Avwg wb‡RI Lye Lywk| AveviI mevB‡K Awfb›`b
Rvbv‡Z PvB| Avwg g‡b Kwi, Bm‡ivi weÁvbxiv cy‡iv wgkbB mdj
Ki‡eb| Z‡e Avgv‡`i wgkb GLbI †kl nqwb, eis ïiæ nj ejv hvq|
ïay Bm‡iv ev fviZ bq, mviv we‡k¦i gnvKvk weÁvbxivB GB wgk‡bi
mvdj¨ Kvgbv Ki‡Qb| GB ai‡bi wekvj GKwU cÖK‡íi mvd‡j¨i
K…wZZ¡ cy‡ivUvB Bm‡ivi weÁvbx‡`i| GB wgk‡bi hy³ mevB‡K Avwg
ab¨ev` I Awfb›`b Rvbv‡Z PvB| ÎæwU aivi ci mvZw`b a‡i K‡Vvi
cwikÖg K‡i‡Qb weÁvbxiv| wKš‘ †mB mgm¨v KvwU‡q Dr‡¶cY nj
P›`ªhvb-2-Gi| Avgiv GKUv cÖhyw³MZ ÎæwUi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQjvg|Õ
msM„nxZ
AvM÷ 2019 15
 weÁvb P›`ªhvb-2-Gi MšÍe¨
Puv‡`i `wÿY †giæ
Puv‡` bvgvi w`b 7 †m‡Þ¤^i, 2019

KjKvZv, 27 RyjvB, 2019|- GLbI miæ my‡Zvq Sz‡j i‡q‡Q P›`ªhvb-2-Gi

fvM¨! GKUz Gw`K Iw`K n‡q †M‡jB R‡j hv‡e 1 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| †e½vjyiæ‡Z
Bm‡ivi P›`ªhvb-2-Gi wgkb K‡›Uªvj iæ‡g ZvB GLb ixwZgZ `uv‡Z `uvZ †P‡c
DrKÉvq w`b-iv‡Zi 24 NÈvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †m‡KÛ KvUv‡”Qb cÖhyw³we` I weÁvbxiv|
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Nyg Avm‡Q bv wgkb K‡›Uªv‡ji m`m¨‡`i! wn‡m‡e GKUz fzjPzK n‡q †M‡jB
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P›`ªhvb-2-Gi bKkv

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Puv` †m-†ÿ‡Î AaivB †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i fvi‡Zi! Avk¼vUv h‡_óB †Rviv‡jv
GLbI ch©šÍ| mwVKfv‡e w`b¶Y ¸‡Y ej‡Z n‡j, 20 AvM÷ ch©šÍ †Zv Aek¨B|
cÖ_gev‡ii

16 AvM÷ 2019
gZ fvi‡Zi P›`ªhvb-2-Gi MšÍe¨ Puv‡`i `wÿY †giæ|
ÔGK wkd&U †_‡K Ab¨ wkd&U ev Zvi c‡ii wkd&U ev Zvi c‡ii...
`vwqZ¡ e`‡j hv‡”Q wVKB| wKš‘ KvR †m‡i Mfxi iv‡Z evwo wd‡iI
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ej‡jb Bm‡ivi wgkb K‡›Uªvj iæ‡gi GK wewkó cÖhyw³we`| Zuvi
K_vq, Ôej‡Z cv‡ib, mvg‡bi 24/25 w`b Avgv‡`i bvIqv-LvIqv
GKiKg eÜB! AvM‡÷i 20 ZvwiL ch©šÍ| Zvici Puv‡`i K¶c‡_
P›`ªhvb-2 Xz‡K co‡j GKUz wbwðšÍ n‡Z cvie| Zvici Avevi ïiæ
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†Kb 20 AvM÷ ch©šÍ Avk¼v GZUv †Rviv‡jv?
G cÖkœ wb‡q Bm‡iv †Zv e‡UB, ÔAvb›`evRvi wWwRUvjÕ-Zi‡d †hvMv‡hvM
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14 AvM÷| gv‡b, AvR †_‡K 19 w`‡bi gv_vq| †mUv Puv‡`i e„ËvKvi
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43 wgwb‡U AܪcÖ‡`‡ki kÖxnwi‡KvUv †_‡K Dr‡¶c‡Yi 16 wgwb‡Ui
g‡a¨B (`ycyi 2‡Uv 57 wgwbU bvMv` ev Zvi wKQz c‡i) P›`ªhvb-2‡K
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†cuŠ‡Q hvq f‚c„ô †_‡K 170 wK‡jwgUvi Dc‡i| c„w_ex‡K cÖ`w¶Y
Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i GKwU Dce„ËvKvi K¶c‡_|
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18 AvM÷ 2019
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MwZ‡Z mwi‡q wb‡q †M‡jb †mB `vmx‡K| AZ iv‡Î, wUgwU‡g cÖ`x‡ci
Av‡jvq Nyg‡Pv‡L, iex›`ªbv_ wKQzB eyS‡jb bv, ïay eyKUv †hb nVvr
GKUz `‡g †Mj Zuvi| ciw`b ïb‡jb gv‡qi g„Zy¨msev`| wKš‘ †mUv †h
wVK Kx, fvj ey‡S DV‡Z cvi‡jb bv| evB‡i eviv›`vq G‡m †`L‡jb,
my›`ifv‡e mvRv‡bv gv‡qi †`n cÖv½‡Y †kvqv‡bv| mKv‡ji Av‡jvq Zuvi
gyL †`‡L g‡bB nj bv g„Zy¨ fqsKi! eis g‡b nj †mB g„Zy¨ ÔmyLmywßi
g‡ZvB cÖkvšÍ I g‡bvniÕ, GK Rxeb †_‡K gv †h Avi GK Rxe‡b P‡j
†M‡jb, Zv‡Z †h GKUv we‡”Q‡`i k~b¨Zv ˆZwi njÑ Ggb wKQzB wKš‘
g‡b nj bv iex›`ªbv‡_i| ïay gv‡qi †`n hLb evwoi m`i `iRvi
evB‡i wb‡q hvIqv nj, wcQb wcQb k¥kv‡bi D‡Ï‡k mevB Pj‡jb,
ZLb †hb `gKv GK evZv‡mi gZ û û K‡i DVj iex›`ªbv‡_i gb|
Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z Av‡Q †mB gyn~‡Z©i K_v, ÔGB evwoi GB `iRv w`qv gv
Avi GKw`bI Zuvnvi wb‡Ri GB wPiRxe‡bi Ni Kbœvi g‡a¨ Avcbvi
AvmbwU‡Z Avwmqv ewm‡eb bv|Õ †ejv n‡j k¥kvb †_‡K wd‡i †`L‡jb
†ZZjvq wb‡Ri N‡ii mvg‡b eviv›`vq a¨vb¯’ Zuvi evev|
Kv`¤^ixi P‡j hvIqv...
1884| Pvicv‡ki MvQcvjv, gvwURj, P›`ªm~h©, MÖnZviv me †hgb wQj
†ZgbB| wKš‘ Zv‡`i †_‡KI mwZ¨ n‡q †`n-cÖvY-ü`q-g‡bi nvRvi
iKg †QuvIqvq whwb wQ‡jb iex›`ªbv‡_i fzeb Ry‡o, †mB bZzb †eŠVvb
Kv`¤^ix, Awfgv‡b Avwdg †L‡q gviv †M‡jb VvKzievwoi GK wegl©,
KiæY N‡i| GZ Kv‡Qi, GZ nvwm‡Ljvi mv_x GK wb‡g‡l ¯^‡cœi gZ
wgwj‡qB †hb †M‡jb bv ïay, iex›`ªbv‡_i Rb¨ †i‡L †M‡jb wbKl
Kv‡jv GK-Rxeb AÜKvi| GB AÜKviB Zvi ci †hb ˆZwi K‡i
w`j me©Kv‡ji †miv GK Kwe‡K| Avov‡j GKUv PvivMvQ‡K ivL‡j,
†hgb †m Av‡jvi †Luv‡R gv_v †Zv‡j, Kv`¤^ixi bv-_vKvi AÜKv‡ii
†eov †V‡j iex›`ªbv_ †ZgbB †hb Lyu‡R †eov‡jb GK Av‡jvi c_|
wjL‡jb: Ô... †mB AÜKvi‡K AwZµg Kwievi c_ AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨
hLb †`Lv hvq bv ZLb Zvnvi g‡Zv `ytL Avi Kx Av‡Q!Õ
†Q‡j‡ejv †_‡K eªþ`k©‡bi m‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i cwiPq Kwi‡qwQ‡jb
Zuvi evev gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi| e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv QvovI, GB
`k©‡b `xw¶Z n‡qB Rxeb Avi g„Zy¨ wb‡q Zuvi wb‡Ri GKUv aviYv
M‡o D‡VwQj| Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ †_‡K g„Zy¨‡K Avi `ytL‡K mn‡R eiY
Kivi K_v wZwb evievi e‡j‡Qb| Dcwbl` †_‡K Zuvi fvevbyev` Kiv
GB †k­vK †hb Zuvi wb‡Ri g„Zy¨ wPšÍviB cÖwZaŸwb: Ô†kv‡bv wek¦Rb,
†kv‡bv Ag„‡Zi cyÎ hZ †`eMY/ w`e¨avgevmx| Avwg †R‡bwQ Zuvnv‡i
gnvšÍ cyiæl whwb/ Auvav‡ii cv‡i †R¨vwZg©q|/ Zuv‡i †R‡b Zuvi cv‡b
Pvwn/ g„Zy¨‡i jw•N‡Z cvi, Ab¨ c_ bvwn|Õ
AvZ¥nb‡bi cÖeYZv...
G‡K A¯^vfvweK AKvjg„Zy¨, Zvi Dci †mB g„Zy¨ wb‡q A¯^w¯ÍKi me
KvUv‡Quov| Kv`¤^ix gviv hvIqvi wKQzw`b ci ZË¡‡evwabx cwÎKvq GKUv
cÖeÜ wj‡LwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_, hvi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb ÔAvZ¥vÕ| †evSvB
†Mj, bvg bv K‡iI Kv`¤^ixi g„Zy¨ wb‡qB wb‡Ri gZvgZ wj‡L‡Qb
†mLv‡b| wjL‡jb, Ô†h-AvZ¥wemR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i, AvZ¥vi Dci †kªô
AwaKvi ïay ZviB Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i|Õ AvZ¥v cÖe‡Ü iex›`ªbv_ †hb Bw½Z
w`‡jb, Kv`¤^ixi gviv hvIqv Avm‡j GK Riæwi ÔAvZ¥wemR©bÕ|
AvZ¥nZ¨v‡K hw` ÔAvZ¥wemR©bÕ e‡j a‡i †bIqv hvq, Zvn‡j
†Zgb GKUv B‡”Q Rxe‡b AšÍZ GKevi wKš‘ Zvov K‡iwQj ¯^qs
iex›`ªbv_‡KI| g„Zy¨i Av‡MB g„Zy¨i Mfxi AvKv•¶v GKevi MÖvm
K‡iwQj Zuv‡KI|
25 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1914| kÖxwb‡KZb †_‡K i_x›`ªbv_‡K GK wPwV‡Z
iex›`ªbv_ wjL‡jb, BDbvwb Wv³v‡ii Ilya †L‡q Zuvi kvixwiK mgm¨v
`~i n‡jI wKQz gvbwmK DcmM© †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| Ô†gwUwiqv †gwWKvÕ
c‡o wb‡Ri †mB me DcmM© wPwýZ Ki‡jb iex›`ªbv_: Aemv`,
g„Zy¨i AvKv•¶v, Kvbœvi ZvwM`, nZvkv, AvZ¥nZ¨vi cÖeYZv, Av‡µvk
BZ¨vw`| i_x‡K wjL‡jb, Ôw`bivwÎ gievi K_v Ges gievi B”Qv
Avgv‡K Zvobv K‡i‡Q. g‡b n‡q‡Q Avgvi Øviv wKQzB nqwb Ges
n‡ebv| Avgvi RxebUv †hb AvMv‡Mvov e¨_©...|Õ
29 Rvbyqvwi 1915| eÜy wmGd A¨vÛªyR‡K iex›`ªbv_ wjL‡jb cÖvq
GKB K_v: “I feel that I am on the brink of a breakdown”.
wjL‡jb cÙvi wbR©bZvq, cÖK…wZi †Kv‡j wZwb Pvb QzwU| A_P Gi w`b
K‡qK ev‡`B DavI Mfxi Aemv‡`i †mB cjvZKv-Qvqv!
2 †deªæqvwi 1915| i_x›`ªbv_‡K iex›`ªbv_ Rvbv‡jb, wkjvB`‡n
G‡m Zuvi K¬vwšÍ Avi `ye©jZv `~i n‡q †M‡Q| wjL‡jb, ÔwKQzKvj †_‡K
g‡b nw”Qj g„Zy¨ Avgv‡K Zvi †kl evb †g‡i‡Q Ges msmvi †_‡K
Avgvi we`v‡qi mgq G‡m‡QÑ wKš‘ Zm¨ Qvqvg„Zs Zm¨ g„Zy¨Ñ g„Zy¨
huvi Qvqv Ag„ZI Zuvwi QvqvÑ GZw`‡b Avevi †mB Ag„‡ZiB cwiPq
cvw”P|Õ Rxeb Kx ˆewPΨgq!
we`vq g„Yvwjbx...
Avevi †mB †`vjvP‡ji †Quvqv! ÔwQbœcÎvejxÕ‡Z iex›`ªbv_‡K ej‡Z
†kvbv hvq †h, e¨w³ wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z †M‡j g„Zy¨Uv KZ DrKU, hvi g‡a¨
†KvbI mvšÍ¡bv †bB| wKš‘ Ôwek¦RM‡Zi wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z †M‡j g„Zy¨Uv
AwZ my›`i I gvbevZ¥vi mvšÍ¡bv¯’j|Õ A_P g„Zy¨i †mB Ômy›`iÕ, ÔcÖkvšÍÕ
AvM÷ 2019 21
gyL Zuvi wb‡Ri mšÍvb‡`i gv‡qi g„Zy¨i mgq wZwb †`L‡Z w`‡jb bv
†Kb, Zvi †hb †KvbI DËi †bB|
gvayixjZv, i_x›`ª, †iYyKv, gxiv, kgx›`ªÑ cuvP mšÍv‡bi gv
g„Yvwjbxi kixi ZLb msmvi Avi kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b Kwei AvkÖg-we`¨vjq
mvgwj‡q G‡Kev‡i †f‡O †M‡Q| kvwšÍwb‡KZb †_‡K Zuv‡K wb‡q Avmv
n‡q‡Q †Rvovmuv‡Kvq| Wv³vi‡`i m‡½B †nvwgIc¨vw_ wPwKrmv Ki‡Qb
iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RB| kvwšÍwb‡KZb †_‡K i_x G‡m †_‡K †M‡jb gv‡qi
m‡½| gxiv Avi kgx ZLb LyeB †QvU| kgx iBj kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bB|
Amy‡Li Kó †_‡K GKUz wb¯Ívi †c‡Z g„Yvwjbx‡K gv‡Sgv‡SB Ny‡gv‡Z
e‡jb iex›`ªbv_| Z›`ªv”Qbœ Ae¯’vq g„Yvwjbx ZLb e‡jb, Ôkgx‡K
†i‡L G‡jb, Avwg wK Ny‡gv‡Z cvwi Zv‡K †Q‡o! †ev‡Sb bv †mUv|Õ
Gici GKw`b| g„YvwjYxi ZLb evK&‡iva n‡q‡Q| i_x›`ªbv_‡K †W‡K
gv‡qi weQvbvi cv‡k emv‡jb iex›`ªbv_| g„YvwjYxi †PvL w`‡q ZLb
ïayB A‡Svi R‡ji aviv| †m-iv‡Z i_x Avi †QvU‡`i cyi‡bv evwoi
†ZZjvq cvwV‡q w`‡jb iex›`ªbv_| †KvbI GK Awbw`©ó AvksKvq
Zuv‡`i mviv ivZ KvUj wbNy©g| ciw`b 23 b‡f¤^i, 1902| †fviiv‡Z
i_x wM‡q `uvov‡jb eviv›`vq| ZvKv‡jb jvj-evwoi w`‡K| evwoUv
ZLb AÜKv‡i XvKv| wb¯Íä, wbtSzg, mvovkãnxb| i_x eyS‡jb,
Zuv‡`i gv Avi †bB, Zuv‡K wb‡q hvIqv n‡q‡Q|
†P‡qwQ‡jb †g‡qi AcNv‡Z g„Zy¨... g„Zy¨i Av‡M †hgb KLbI
†P‡qwQ‡jb wb‡Ri AKvjcÖqvY| †ZgbB Am¤¢e Kó †c‡q, msmv‡ii
hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z, †P‡qwQ‡jb wb‡Ri †g‡qi AcNv‡Z g„Zy¨|
AcNv‡Z g„Zy¨‡K wb‡R LyeB fq †c‡Zb iex›`ªbv_| 1939-G Kzgvi
RqšÍbv_ ivq‡K iex›`ªbv_ †Zgb g„Zy¨i cÖm‡½ e‡jb, ÔkvwšÍc~Y©
g„Zy¨‡K we›`ygvÎ fq Kwiwb| fq Kwi AcNvZ g„Zy¨‡K| hw` g„Zy¨i c~‡e©
nvwmgy‡L mK‡ji KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡Z cvwi, Z‡e g„Zy¨‡K Avwj½b
Ki‡Z gyn~‡Z©i Rb¨I wØav Ki‡ev bv|Õ †QvU‡g‡q gxivi m‡½ Ôbv †f‡e
bv ey‡SÕ b‡M›`ªbv‡_i ZLb we‡q w`‡q‡Qb iex›`ªbv_| j¶ K‡i‡Qb,
b‡M‡bi Ô`yÏ©vg eeŸ©iZvÕ-q AvZ¼MÖ¯Í gxiv| cvi‡Q bv Zvi ¯^vgx‡K
fvjevm‡Z| evev wn‡m‡e iex›`ªbv_ fve‡Qb, Zuvi Pvwc‡q †`Iqv
m¤ú‡K©i †R‡i QviLvi n‡q †Mj Zuvi †g‡qi Rxeb|
GgbB GK †kvPbxq Dcjwäi g‡a¨ i_x›`ªbv_‡K iex›`ªbv_
wjL‡jb, Ôwe‡qi iv‡Î gxiv hLb bvevi N‡i XzKwQj ZLb GKUv
†MvL‡iv mvc dm K‡i dYv a‡i D‡VwQjÑ AvR Avgvi g‡b nq †m
mvc hw` ZLbB I‡K KvUZ Zvn‡j I cwiÎvY †cZ|Õ
S‡i †Mj Av`‡ii †ewj...
iex›`ªbv‡_i †gR †g‡q †iYyKv ZLb LyeB Amy¯’| †Rvovmuv‡Kvq,
iex›`ªbv‡_i eÜy iv‡g›`ªmy›`i w·e`x gv‡Sg‡a¨B †LuvR wb‡q hvb
†iYyKvi| †ZgbB GKw`b| iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ j¤^v Avjv‡ci †k‡l
iv‡g›`ªmy›`i Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb, †iYyKvi kixi †Kgb Av‡Q| iex›`ªbv_
ej‡jb, ÔAvR mKv‡j †m gviv wM‡q‡Q|Õ iex›`ªbv‡_i gy‡Li w`‡K
ZvwK‡q w¯’i n‡q †M‡jb iv‡g›`ªmy›`i| Zvici wbtk‡ã †b‡g G‡jb
wmuwo †e‡q| †`ŠwnÎ bxwZ›`ªbv_ gviv †M‡j †g‡q gxiv‡K GKwU wPwV
†j‡Lb Kwe| †m-wPwV‡Z wQj †QvU‡Q‡j kgx›`ªbv‡_i g„Zy¨i cÖm½|
wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ô†h iv‡Î kgx wM‡qwQj †m iv‡Î mg¯Í gb w`‡q e‡jwQjyg
weivU wek¦mËvi g‡a¨ Zvi Aeva MwZ †nvK, Avgvi †kvK Zv‡K
GKUzI wcQ‡b bv Uv‡b|Õ AviI wj‡LwQ‡jb, g„Zy¨i ci mevB †hLv‡b
hvq, †mLv‡b gvby‡li †mev †cuŠQq bv wKš‘ fvjevmv nqZ ev †cŠuQqÑ
ÔbB‡j fvjevmv GL‡bv wUu‡K _v‡K †Kb?Õ
1912 mv‡j we‡jZ hvIqvi Av‡M iex›`ªbv_ evsjvq wj‡L †M‡jb
Zuvi DBj| gvayixjZv Avi gxivi Rb¨ eivÏ K‡i †M‡jb h_vµ‡g
cÖwZ gv‡m cÂvk Ges GK‡kv UvKv| hw` †g‡qiv nVvr weaev n‡q
c‡o, †mB K_v †f‡e e¨e¯’v K‡i †M‡jb AviI cÂvk UvKv K‡i
AwZwi³ gv‡mvnvivi|
†iYyKvi gZB h²vq kh¨vkvqx n‡jb gvayixjZv, iex›`ªbv‡_i
Ô†ewjÕ| gvayixjZv dzj fvjevm‡Zb| 16 †g, 1918| dz‡j †X‡K
22 AvM÷ 2019
†gvUiKv‡i Zuv‡K wb‡q hvIqv nq k¥kv‡b| cÖwZgv‡`ex e‡jwQ‡jb,
†mw`b †hb AviI my›`i †`Lvw”Qj †ejv‡K| i_x›`ªbv_ Zuvi Bs‡iwR
w`bwjwc‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb, w`w`‡K †`L‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M †mw`b evwoi
Wv³vi‡K iex›`ªbv_ e‡jwQ‡jb g„Zy¨fq Zuvi Avi †bB, wZwb ˆZwi
Av‡Qb| †g‡q‡K †`L‡Z wM‡q, hv nIqvi Zv n‡q †M‡Q ey‡S, wWwn-
kÖxivgcyi †iv‡W †g‡qi evwoi mvg‡b †_‡K Mvwo Nywi‡q evwo wd‡i
G‡jb †mB iex›`ªbv_B|
ci‡jv‡K wek¦vm †bB, Zey...
1920| Av‡gwiKvi ÔIqvwksUbÕ KvM‡R g„Zy¨i ci mËvi Aw¯ÍZ¡
wba©vi‡Y m¶g ÔGwWmb-Gi †gwkbÕ e‡j GK wewPÎ h‡š¿i K_v Qvcv
nj| g„Zy¨i ci AvZ¥vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Avi IB Avðh© h‡š¿i wel‡q cÖkœ wb‡q
iex›`ªbv‡_i Kv‡Q G‡jb gvM©vwi †i· e‡j GKRb| iex›`ªbv_ Zuv‡K
ej‡jb, Ôg„Zy¨i cieZ©x Rxe‡b Avgvi Avkv Avi wek¦v‡mi †kl †bB|
Z‡e gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zvi cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Avwg †KvbI h‡š¿i cÖ‡qvRb †`wL
bv|Õ Rb¥všÍi Avi ci‡jvK wel‡q iex›`ªbv‡_i m‡½ AviI A‡b‡Ki
gZ Av‡jvPbv nq AvBwik Kwe †c‡dvW© eªæ‡Ki| Ôc‡_i mÂqÕ-G
iex›`ªbv_ †mB K‡_vcK_b g‡b †i‡L wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvgvi Rxebavivi
gvSLv‡b GB gvbeRb¥Uv G‡Kev‡iB LvcQvov wRwbm| Bnvi Av‡MI
Ggb KL‡bv wQj bv, Bnvi c‡iI Ggb KL‡bv nB‡e bv|Õ
Rb¥všÍ‡i Awek¦v‡mi K_v e‡jI ci‡jvK-Rxe‡bi `y`©g
†KŠZ‚n‡ji Uv‡b c‡o eÜyKb¨v eyjvi gva¨‡g iex›`ªbv_ †W‡K G‡b K_v
e‡jwQ‡jb Zuvi ci‡jvKMZ AvZ¥xqeÜy‡`i m‡½| GKevi cø¨vb‡P‡U
†b‡g Av‡m AKv‡j nviv‡bv KwbôcyÎ kgx›`ªbv‡_i AvZ¥v| AKc‡U
kgx Zvi evev‡K ej‡jb, Zvi evevi GKUv KweZv ÔwekÖxÕ †V‡K‡Q|
kgx AviI e‡jb, ci‡jv‡K wZwb M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb GK fzeb, hvi
bvg w`‡q‡Qb Ôkgxi c„w_exÕ| iex›`ªbv_ ZLb kgx‡K ej‡jb, wZwb
ci‡jv‡K hLb hv‡eb `yÕR‡b Mo‡eb Ôkgxi c„w_exÕ| Ab¨ AvZ¥v‡`i
m‡½ Avjv‡c iex›`ªbv_ wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †mB Ôkgxi c„w_exÕ Avm‡j
Kx iKg!
A¯ÍvP‡ji iwe...
gscy‡Z GKevi ˆg‡Îqx‡`ex‡K iex›`ªbv_ e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒAvgvi Rxe‡b
hZevi g„Zy¨ G‡m‡Q, hLb †`‡LwQ †KvbI AvkvB †bB, ZLb Avwg
cÖvYc‡Y mg¯Í kw³ GKÎ K‡i g‡b K‡iwQ, Ô†Zvgv‡K Avwg †Q‡o
w`jvg, hvI Zzwg †Zvgvi wbw`©ó c‡_|Ó
10 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1937| wQqvËi eQ‡i eo Amy‡L co‡jb
iex›`ªbv_| Gwiwm‡c‡jm Zuv‡K AÁvb K‡i ivLj Uvbv cÂvk
NÈv| Lei †c‡q KjKvZv †_‡K Qz‡U G‡jb Wv³vi| wKQzw`b ci
†ngšÍevjv‡`ex‡K iex›`ªbv_ wjL‡jb, ÔwKQzKv‡ji Rb¨ g„Zy¨`Ð G‡m
Avgvi QzwUi cvIbv cvKv K‡i wM‡q‡Q|Õ †Mj AviI wKQzw`b| mZ¨wRr
ivq ZLb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b| Dcw¯’Z GK e„× iex›`ªbv_‡K g‡b Kwi‡q
w`‡jb mvg‡b Kwei Avwk eQ‡ii Rb¥w`b| iex›`ªbv_ ej‡jb, Ônu¨v,
Gevi Avwk, Avi Zvi gv‡bB Avwm|Õ
cÖvq GKB mgq, mvwnwZ¨K ejvBPuv` gy‡Lvcva¨vq GKw`b †`L‡jb
DËivqY-G GKUv cÖKvÐ †Uwe‡j e‡m iex›`ªbv_ †ek Szu‡K c‡o wKQz
wjL‡Qb| ejvBPuv` wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, GZiKg Avmeve _vK‡Z AZ
Szu‡K c‡o wjL‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i Kó n‡”Q wK-bv| Dˇi ej‡jb, Ôme
iKg †PqviB Avgvi Av‡Q. wKš‘ Szu‡K bv wjL‡j †jLv †e‡ivq bv|
Kzu‡Rvi Rj K‡g †M‡Q †Zv, ZvB Dcyo Ki‡Z nq|Õ
25 RyjvB, 1941| Amy¯’ iex›`ªbv_‡K kvwšÍwb‡KZb †_‡K wb‡q
hvIqv n‡e KjKvZvq| hvIqvi Av‡M AvkÖ‡gi †QvU-eo mevB‡K
†`L‡Z PvB‡jb wZwb| Mvwo‡Z ïB‡q Zuv‡K †Nviv‡bv nj AvkÖg| ZLb
bZzb Av‡jvi Rb¨ Pvi w`‡K emv‡bv nw”Qj j¨v¤ú †cv÷| ZvB †`‡L
ej‡jb, ÔGLb eywS cyi‡bv Av‡jv wM‡q bZzb Av‡jv Avm‡e|Õ AvkÖ‡gi
Wv³vi kPx›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K Bkvivq Kv‡Q †W‡K wb‡jb| Zuvi `y‡Uv
nvZ wb‡Ri nv‡Z a‡i iex›`ªbv_ ej‡jb, ÔWv³vi, Avgvi AvkÖg iBj
Avi AvkÖgevmxiv iB‡jb, Zuv‡`i Zzwg †`‡Lv|Õ ex›`ªbv‡_i †Pv‡L ZLb 1913 RvbKxbv_ †Nvlvj, fwMœcwZ, fviZxi m¤úv`K
Rj| Kuv`‡Qb kPx›`ªbv_I| 30 RyjvB KjKvZvq Zuvi Acv‡ikb| 1915 ex‡i›`ªbv_ VvKzi, `v`v
fq cvw”Q‡jb e¨_vi K_v †f‡e| Zvi g‡a¨B gy‡L gy‡L ej‡jb bZzb 1916 kvšÍv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, fv‡Mœi †g‡q
`y‡Uv KweZv| Uz‡K ivL‡jb Dcw¯’Z †mweKviv| Av`‡ii †eŠgv cÖwZgvi 1918 BiveZx gy‡Lvcva¨vq, fvwMœ, evj¨mLx
Rb¨ †mfv‡eB gy‡L gy‡L e‡j †jLv‡jb GKUv wPwV| Kuvcv Kuvcv nv‡Zi 1918 gvayixjZv PµeZ©x, †R¨ô Kb¨v, h²vq g„Z
†jLvq AwZ K‡ó ïay wb‡R nv‡Z mB Ki‡jb ÔevevgkvqÕ| †mB Zuvi 1919 †R¨vwZtcÖKvk M‡½vcva¨vq, `v`vi †g‡qi †Q‡j, ˆkk‡e KweZvi
†kl †jLv| `x¶v`vZv
6 AvM÷ m‡Ü 6Uvq †L‡jb †`o AvDÝ Av‡Li im| ivZ mv‡o 1919 my‡Kkx VvKzi, åvZz®úy‡Îi ¯¿x
bÕUvq Ava AvDÝ evwj©| 7 AvM÷ 1941| †ejv 12 Uv 10, Av‡jvi 1920 kirKzgvix gy‡Lvcva¨vq, w`w`
fze‡b †f‡m †M‡jb giYweRqx iex›`ªbv_| 1920 †mŠ`vwgbx M‡½vcva¨vq, w`w`
1922 wbfvmy›`ix †PŠayix, fvwMœ
¯^^Rbnviv iwe... 1922 †mv‡g›`ªbv_ VvKzi, `v`v
1875 mvi`vmy›`ix †`ex, gv 1923 m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ VvKzi, `v`v
1881 ¸‡Y›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ 1924 Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix, eÜy, fvwMœi ¯^vgx
1883 mvi`vcÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq, RvgvBevey, iex›`ªbv‡_i we‡qi iv‡Z 1924 webwqbx P‡Ævcva¨vq, †eqvb, cyÎ i_x‡›`ªi kvïwo
gviv hvb 1925 wniY¥qx gy‡Lvcva¨vq, åvZz®úyÎx
1884 †n‡g›`ªbv_ VvKzi, †mR`v`v 1925 †R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_ VvKzi, ÔbZzb`v`vÕ
1884 Kv`¤^ix †`ex, †eŠw`, Avwdg †L‡q AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡ib 1926 w؇R›`ªbv_ VvKzi, eo`v`v
1894 wenvixjvj PµeZ©x, Av`k© Kwe, g„Zy¨i c‡i iex›`ªbv‡_i †eqvB 1929 Aiæ‡Y›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®cyÎ
1895 AwfÁv P‡Ævcva¨vq, åvZz®úyÎx 1929 gwYjvj M‡½vcva¨vq, Aebx›`ªbv‡_i RvgvZv, Kwei wcÖqcvÎ
1897 mZxkP›`ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq, fwMœcwZ, K¨vbmv‡i g„Z 1929 myax›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ
1899 DlveZx P‡Ævcva¨vq, åvZz®cyÎx 1932 bxZx›`ªbv_ M‡½vcva¨vq, †`ŠwnÎ
1899 e‡j›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZy®úyÎ, h²vq g„Z 1932 ¯^Y©Kzgvix †`ex, w`w`
1901 bxZx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyyÎ 1933 mZ¨cÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq, fv‡Mœ
1902 g„YvwjYx †`ex, ¯¿x, gviv hvevi mgq e‡qm EbwÎk 1935 K…Zx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ
1903 wegv‡b›`ªbv_ ivq, evevi k¨vj‡Ki †Q‡j 1935 w`‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ
1903 wØZxq Kb¨v †iYyKv fÆvPvh©, h²vq g„Z 1937 w¶Zx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ
1905 gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi, evev 1938 MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi, KvKvi †Q‡j
1907 kgx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Kwbô cyÎ, K‡jivq g„Z 1940 my‡i›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyÎ
1908 m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ fÆvPvh©, RvgvZv, wØZxq Kb¨v †iYyKvi ¯^vgx
1908 wn‡Z›`ªbv_ VvKzi, åvZz®úyyÎ †idzj Kwig
1910 bxcgqx VvKzi, †eŠw`, ¯¿x g„Yvwjbxi wkw¶Kv cÖvewÜK, msMxZwkíx

AvM÷ 2019 23

KweZv
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wb‡Ri nj bv| Zey †cÖwgKvi gZ G kni
ggZvi Pv`i wewQ‡q AvMvgxi ¯^cœ ey‡b w`‡q e‡jÑ
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KZ wcÖqRb ¯^v”Q‡›`¨i AsK K‡l djvdj
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ïay e¨_©Zvi MøvwbUzKz †i‡L †M‡Q
Zey i‡q †M‡Q Avgvi kni, Avgvi cv‡kB|
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†h wQj †mI †Zv Kv‡Q †bB
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hv n‡e bv †kva KLbI Avi
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24 AvM÷ 2019
I ivav
iwngv AvLZvi Kíbv
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KvbvB Rv‡b nvwmi gv‡b, bv-B ev RvbyK Ab¨ †KD
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gyLi mKvj Auvavi n‡j †g‡Ni Wvbvi we¯Ív‡i
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I ivav †Zvi Lywki Av‡jvq DRj nj ebUv †h
D_vj-cv_vj Kzj nviv‡jv KvbvB †Quvovi gbUv †h
e„›`ve‡bi ay‡jvi KYv wmu`~i nj Avb‡›`
eb¨my‡L bvP‡Q bMi, `yBcv‡q Zvi euvab †`|
I ivav †Zvi we‡”Q`x Rj fvmvq bMi welv‡`
my‡ii cvwLi eyK dzu‡o‡Q wfb&evmx †Kvb wblv‡`!
I ivav †Zvi welYœ †PvL †gN Qwo‡q w`‡”Q †iÑ
fzeb‡Rvov weinx †gN AvKvk †K‡o wb‡”Q †i|
`~i g_yivq e„wó n‡j Kvjvi wK gb Kuv`‡e bv?
cig-cyiæl `yB AvKv‡k cÖYq-†mZz euva‡e bv!
iex›`ªbv_ bv G‡j
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dzjfvibZ Dw™¢`RMr, Zvivfiv iv‡Zi AvKvk;
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fxlY cÖjyä K‡i Aïf AvZ¥viv
AÜKvi A‡±vcv‡m g„Zz¨ evmv euv‡a...
ga¨iv‡Z Ak¦ÿzi ؇›Ø wbišÍi
RjšÍ wPZvq †`wL g„Zz¨i †bvOi|
AvM÷ 2019 25
cÖeÜ we‡`ªvnx‡PZbvq Igi ˆLqvg I
bRiæ‡ji mv`„k¨
W. Avkivd wc›Uz

wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ weL¨vZ Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb A‡bK AbyR

Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K| Gme weL¨vZ Kwei g‡a¨ †nvgvi, M¨v‡U, †mK&mwcqi, Uj÷q,
nvwdR, iæwg, †kL mvw`, †di‡`Šmx, Igi ˆLqvg, iex›`ªbv_ cÖgy‡Li bvg
D‡jøL Kiv hvq| G‡`i Øviv A‡bK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨KB cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| Gi
g‡a¨ KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi Dci cÖfve jÿ Kiv hvq dviwm Kwe Igi
ˆLqv‡gi| ïay bRiæj bb, A‡bK evOvwj KweB ˆLqvg Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb
ev ˆLqv‡gi fvem¤ú` Zuv‡`i Kv‡e¨ MÖnY K‡i‡QbÑ Gu‡`i g‡a¨ iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi, †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi, eyׇ`e emy cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| iex›`ªhy‡M
Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg| iex›`ªm~h© hLb ga¨MM‡b ZLb
A‡bK KweB iex›`ªcÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jbÑ

26 AvM÷ 2019
ZLb A‡bK KweB iex›`ªcÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jbÑ G ejq †_‡K
Zviv wKQz‡ZB †hb †ei n‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv|
bRiæ‡ji mgmgvwqK Kwe‡`i Ici iex›`ªcÖfve GgbB cÖKU
n‡qwQj †h, wZwi‡ki Kweiv Gi weiæ×Pvi‡Y KweZv †j‡Lb| wKš‘
bRiæj G e„‡Ëi evB‡i wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi Kve¨-KweZvq cÖvwZw¯^K
GK cwigÐj M‡o †Zv‡jb, †hLv‡b ïay wZwbB ivRv| iex›`ªbv_ wKsev
evOvwj Avi †KvbI AMÖR Kwe‡`i Øviv bRiæj cÖfvweZ bv n‡jI
dviwm Kwe‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb| we‡kl K‡i gnvKwe nvwdR
I Igi ˆLqvg Øviv wZwb †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Gi KviYI wQj|
bRiæj mivmwi dviwm †_‡K Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i Pvi cO&w³i
KweZvÑ iæevBqvZ| Avi G Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡qB bRiæj Igi
ˆLqv‡gi a¨vb-aviYv, wPšÍv-fvebv Z_v Igi-`k©‡bi m‡½ cwiwPwZ
jvf K‡ibÑ hv †_‡K wZwb A‡bKUvB cÖfvweZ nb|
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Igi ˆLqv‡gi Kve¨ Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q
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A_©vr MÖ‡ni †di ev A`„‡ói cÖwZ Aby‡hvM; 2. nRI A_©vr fÐ-
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wein I wgjbwelqK KweZv; 4. evnvwiqv A_©vr emšÍ, dzj, cvwL ev
cÖK…wZwelqK KweZv; 5. Kzdwiqv A_©vr ag©kv¯¿ weiæ× KweZvmg~n|
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D`i ms¯’vb K‡i Igi Zv‡`i N„Yv K‡i‡Qb| G bxwZevwMkiv nq‡Zv
AnsKvi K‡i ej‡eb, Zviv g` cvb K‡ib bv| wKš‘ Zviv Ggb wKQz
fqsKi cvc Ki‡QÑ hvi cv‡k gvZvj-e`iv wkïi mgvb| Ig‡ii
K_vqÑ
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fv‡jv Kivi _vK‡j wKQz, g` LvIqv †gvi n‡Zv i`|
g` bv wc‡qI †n bxwZwe`, †Zvgiv †h me K‡iv cvc
Zvnvi Kv‡Q AvgivI wkï, nB bv hZB gvZvj-e`|
ïay †gvjøv-†gŠjwe, ag©vÜiv bq, bRiæ‡ji Kv‡Q Kg‡ewk mevB
cvcx| fÐvwg Avi Qj-PvZywi‡Z Kv‡iv †P‡q †KD Kg bq| GUvB wbôzi
ev¯ÍeZv| ZvB bRiæj Zuvi ÔcvcÕ KweZvq KvD‡KB Qvo †`bwb| wZwb
†KvbI jy‡KvPzwi bv K‡i mivmwi e‡j‡QbÑ
Av`g nB‡Z ïiæ K‡i GB bRiæj ZK m‡e
Kg-†ewk K‡i cv‡ci Qzwi‡Z cy‡Y¨ K‡i‡Q R‡en|
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A‡a©K Zvi fMevb Avi A‡a©K kqZvb|
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Igi ˆLqv‡gi `k©‡bi g~‡j GKUv MfxiZi ˆbivk¨ I †e`bv
jy°vwqZ Av‡Q| wb›`y‡Kiv Zuv‡K bvw¯ÍK-Kv‡di Dcvwa w`‡jI wZwb
G‡Kev‡i a‡g© Awek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| GB m„wó †h wbi_©K wZwb Zv g‡b-
cÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GB Rxeb hw` A_©nxb nq, gvbyl hw`
wbqwZi µxobK nq Ges g„Zy¨i ci hw` gvby‡li †KvbI Aw¯ÍZ¡ bv
_v‡K Z‡e G c„w_exi m„wói D‡Ïk¨ Kx? G mskqevw`Zvi Kvi‡YB wZwb
cvc-c~‡Y¨ mgvb wek¦vmxÑ
GK nv‡Z †gvi Zmwe †Lv`vi, Avi nv‡Z †gvi jvj Møvm
A‡a©K †gvi c~Y¨¯œvZ, A‡a©K cv‡c Kij MÖvm|
ag©vÜiv bRiæj‡KI bvw¯ÍK-Kv‡di Dcvwa w`‡qwQj Ig‡ii g‡Zv
cÖPwjZ mgvR-e¨e¯’v I ag©wek¦v‡mi cÖwZ weiæ×PviY Kivi Kvi‡Y|
Z‡e Ig‡ii g‡Zv bRiæj Ggb mskqev`x wQ‡jb bv| Zuvi g‡a¨ m`v
wµqvkxj wQj gvbe‡cÖg| G gvbe‡cÖg wQj `yÕfv‡M wef³ : bvix‡cÖg
I mvgev`x Z_v we‡`ªvnx‡PZbv| G †ÿ‡ÎI Ig‡ii g‡Zv Zuvi Kwe cÖK…
wZ wØav wef³| ZvB Zuvi K‡É †kvbv hvqÑ
gg GK nv‡Z †gvi euv‡ki euvkix Avi nv‡Z iY Zzh©|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, ag©vÜiv Kx g‡b Kij wK Kij bv, †m wPšÍv
†hgb Igi ˆLqvg K‡ibwb †Zgwb KvRx bRiæj BmjvgI K‡ibwb|
Zv‡`i `yR‡biB wek¦vm wQj gvby‡li cÖwZ gvby‡li fvjevmv _vK‡j,
gvbyl gvbyl‡K †kvlY bv Ki‡j, wnsmv-we‡Øl fz‡j †M‡jÑ †mUvB n‡e
cÖK…Z ¯^M©| Avi G Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i we‡`ªvn wQj cÖPwjZ RxY© mgvR-
e¨e¯’vi weiæ‡×| Avi G w`K w`‡qB Igi ˆLqvg I KvRx bRiæj
Bmjv‡gi mv`„k¨ jÿYxq|
W. Avkivd wc›Uz
wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK
AvM÷ 2019 27
cÖeÜ we¯§„ZcÖvq iwe ˆgÎ
MvRx AvwRRyi ingvb
evsjv fvlv mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi iwe, iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ci iex›`ªbv_ bv‡g
ûMwji Kwe I cÖvewÜK iex›`ªbv_ mvgšÍ (Rb¥: 1935), gvj`‡ni Kwe I QovKvi
iex›`ªbv_ cv‡Ð (Rb¥: 1975), K‡jøvjhy‡Mi †jLK iex›`ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Ges
Kwe, K_vwkíx I bvU¨Kvi iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ, ms‡ÿ‡c iwe ˆgÎ (†hv‡MkP›`ª evMj)
ˆPÎ gv‡mi †KvbI GK iweev‡i h‡kvi †Rjvq wkjvB`n gnKzgvi dvwRjcy‡i
1895 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡jI Zv‡`i Avw`wbevm wQj dwi`cyi †Rjvi bv`ywiqv
MÖv‡g| iwei evev-gvi `ytmvnmB ej‡Z n‡e hLb gv_vi Dci R¡jšÍ m~‡h©i
gZ R¡j‡Qb iex›`ªbv_ ZLb kyay iweev‡ii RvZK nIqvq †Q‡ji bvg ivL‡jb
iex›`ªbv_, bv Zv‡`i g‡bi g‡a¨ GB evmbv jywK‡q wQj †h, Zv‡`i mšÍvb n‡e
evsjvi wØZxq iex›`ªbv_? Ggb Avkv ev ¯^cœ _vKvUv Awfbe bq, A¯^vfvweKI bq|
iwe ˆg‡Îi g¨vwUªKz‡jkb h‡kv‡ii ˆkjKzcv nvB ¯‹z‡j (1913), AvBG Ges weG
h_vµ‡g KjKvZvi e½evmx K‡j‡R (1915 I 1917)|

28 AvM÷ 2019
Gg G cvViZ Ae¯’vq cÖ_g gnvhy×, iæk wecøe I Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vj‡bi DËv‡c ZvwoZ Av‡e‡M †f‡m †M‡jb †¯ªvZ¯^Zx‡Z, DZj-
gvZj evZv‡m, g„Zz¨ NUj D”PZi cv‡Vi| †b‡g co‡jb mgvRms¯‹v‡i,
gyyw³ Pv&B‡jb bvix-`y`©kve, DbœwZ PvB‡jb IivI DcRvwZ‡`i Ges
†`k-gvZ…Kvi `ytL †gvP‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡jb ¯^cœ-we‡fviZvq| ¯^cœ
I Zvobvi g‡a¨ Gmgq Zuvi AšÍi-mwj‡j †XD †Zv‡j mvwnZ¨vbyivM,
euvP‡Z PvB‡jb mvwn‡Z¨i g„Yvj a‡i| ZLb m‡egvÎ w·kvËi
mvwnZ¨avivi bvjv-cÖevn| †mB avivi cÖ_g mšÍvb eyׇ`e emyi gg©evYx
(1925) †Zv iex›`ªbv_ ˆg‡Îi wØZxq cÖKvk wmÜymwir (1926) Ges
Z…Zxq Rxebvb›` `v‡ki SivcvjK (1927)| GB avivq M‡íi †ÿ‡Î
iwe ˆgÎ I AwPšÍ¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß `yÕR‡bB cÖ_g| KviY 1928-G †ei
nq iwei _vW© K¬vm Ges AwPšÍ¨i UzUv-dzUv| Gu‡`i AMÖR wef~wZf~lY
gy‡Lvcva¨vq I e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi M‡íi eB cÖ_g †ei nq 1931 I
1934-G| †m wn‡m‡e ïiæ‡ZB mvwn‡Z¨ cwic°Zv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb
iwe ˆgÎ| G mgq m‡ivRKzgvi evq‡PŠayix m¤úvw`Z bekw³ cwÎKvq
iwe ˆg‡Îi GKwU ivR‡`ªvng~jK KweZv cÖKvwkZ n‡j †mB Aciv‡a
m‡ivRKzgvi‡K †ek wKQzw`b †Rj LvU‡Z nq| G‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq
iwe ˆgÎ †KvbI mvaviY †jLK wQ‡jb bv, wQ‡jb †`ªvnx I cÖMwZkxj|
iex›`ªbv_ ˆg‡Îi cÖwZfv, cVb-cvVb, gvbe`i`, mvwnZ¨ †Ljv,
AvÇv, cÖej im‡eva I PÂjZv AvK…ó K‡iwQj mgmvgwqK †jLK
mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq,cwigj †Mv¯^vgx, m‡ivRKzgvi ivq‡PŠayix,
Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, mRbxKvšÍ `vm, †hv‡MkP›`ª evMj, cÖg_
bv_ ivq, A‡kvK P‡Ævcva¨vq, †hvMvb›` `vk, mykxjKzgvi †`-mn
†gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi‡K ch©šÍ| Guiv g~jZ AvÇv w`‡Zb kwbev‡ii
wPwVi `߇i| iwe ˆgÎ GB cwÐZR‡bi AvÇvi Ab¨Zg ZiæY m`m¨
wQ‡jb G Kvi‡Y †h, Zuvi w`j‡Lvjv †gRvR I m`vjvcx ¯^fve Ges
Zuvi `gdvUv‡bv nvwmi Mí, i½-e¨‡½ gRwjmwU n‡q DVZ cÖvYešÍ|
wZwb wQ‡jb m`ve¨¯Í gvbyl, †hb GK wbS©wiYx, †hv‡MkP›`ª evM‡ji
fvlvq ÔAvgv‡`i wbKU wZwb iwe ˆgÎ ewjqvB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Agb
cÖvYPÂj gvbyl Avwg `ywU †`wL bvB| D®‹Ly®‹ Pzj, wXjvXvjv Rvgv,
QzwU‡Z QzwU‡Z Avwm‡Zb, LvwbKÿY ewmqvB Zwor MwZ‡Z Pwjqv
hvB‡Zb|Õ GB bÿ·jv‡K wZwbI Kg D¾j bÿÎ wQ‡jb bv| 1927
mv‡j Z_vKw_Z AvaywbKcš’x cwÎKv K‡jøvj, Kvwj-Kjg, cÖMwZ I
a~cQvqvi mv‡_ kwbev‡ii wPwVi Av`k©, D‡Ïk¨ I cÖKiY wb‡q GK
gnv weev` ïiæ nq| kwbev‡ii wPwV wQj iÿYkxj I cÖvPxbcš’x e‡j
cÖPvwiZ Ges K‡jøvjxqiv wQj cÖMwZ I be¨cš’x e‡j weÁvwcZ| GB
`yB cš’x‡`i weev` hLb Zz‡½, ZLb `yÕcÿ mvwjwm gvb‡jb iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi‡K| ˆeVK emj 4 I 7 ˆPÎ 1334 †Rvovmuv‡Kvi wewPÎv fe‡b|
†`Lv hv‡Q mbvZbcš’x e‡j L¨vZ mRbxKvšÍ, bxi` †Pxayix †gvwnZjvj
ebvg cÖMwZev`x kirP›`ª, AwPšÍ¨Kzgvi, eyׇ`e emy BZ¨vw` mgš^‡q
MwVZ mvwj‡m mbvZbx‡`i c‡ÿ Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ,
(K‡jøv‡ji Kvj, n‡i›`ª wmsnivq) G‡Z eyS‡Z Amyweav nq bv iwe ˆgÎ
ZLb mvwnZ¨RM‡Z Kg ¸iæZ¡c~b© e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| gvÎ AvUwÎk eQ‡i
Zuvi AKvj g„Z¨ n‡q‡Q e‡j Avgvi Zuv‡K we¯§„Z ne? GZUv AK…ZÁZv
Avi †hLv‡bB PjyK bv †Kb mvwnZ¨ †ÿ‡Î P‡j bv, KviY mvwnwZ¨KivB
†Zv mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q gvbweK gvbyl|
iex›`ª-hy‡Mi AZ¨šÍ cÖwZkÖæwZkxj GB mvwnwZ¨K whwb wQ‡jb
mvaviY gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li mnPi, mgvR-Am½wZi wPšÍK, iwmKRb,
Av`‡k©i cÖwZfz I mijZvq wkïi gZb Ges Zviæ‡Y¨ bRiæ‡ji gZ
Ziw½ZÑ †mB D‡b¥l-Db¥yL dzjwU iex›`ª-cÖqv‡Yi AvU eQi Av‡M S‡i
†Mj Li`ycy‡i| gvÎ GK `k‡Ki mvwnZ¨mvabvq wZwb evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K
mg„× K‡i †M‡Qb GKwU Kve¨MÖš’ (c~‡e©B D‡jøwLZ), MíMÖš’: _vW© K¬vm
(1935), evmwšÍKv (1947), w`evKix (1338), D`vmxi gvV (1338),
civRq, w·jvPb KweivR (1933, Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY 1947), bvU¨MÖš’:
gvbgqx Mvj©m ¯‹zj (1339) Ges Kvbvgvgv (Amgvß)| GQvov w`evKi
kg©v QÙbv‡g kwbev‡ii wPwV‡Z Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jv mvwnZ¨g~j¨m¤úbœ iPbv
cÖKvwkZ nq| wjL‡Zb †m-Kv‡ji fviZel©, e½kÖx, kwbev‡ii wPwV,
bekw³ Avb›`evRvi BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ me cwÎKvq| Avb›`evRv‡ii
Ô`wa K`©gÕ Kjvg Ges `ywU Dcb¨v‡mi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb †jLK my‡`e
emy (†KviK, cÖvK&kvi` msL¨v, KjKvZv, 2014)| GZ Aí mg‡q GZ
hvi †jLv‡jwL, mvwnZ¨m„wóÑ Zuvi †Zv GZUv Ae‡njv Abv`i cÖvc¨
wQj bv, wQj bv AeÁvi AÜKv‡i nvwi‡q hvIqvi K_v| Zey GUvB
mwZ¨Ñ wZwb wK AvR †KejB ¯§„wZ, †KejB AZxZ?
_vW© K¬vm hZ Zuvi ¯§iYxq iPbv, ZZwaK ¯§iYxq iPbv gvbgqx
Mvj©m ¯‹zzj| G bvU‡Ki bvg Rv‡bb bv Ggb evOvwj Lyu‡R cvIqv
gykwKj, Avevi Zvi iPwqZv iex›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ GUv Rv‡bb Ggb evOvwj
Lyu‡R cvIqv fvi| ¯ªóv Ges m„wó †h‡nZz `yB-B mZ¨, †m‡nZz †mB mZ¨
bv Rvbv Aciva| Rvbv hvq mRbxKvšÍ Zuvi AwZ wcÖq e¨½ iPbvq
wm×n¯Í iwe ˆg·K GKwU i½bvUK †jLvi Rb¨ GKw`b †Rvi K‡i
wb‡Ri N‡i AvU‡K †i‡L GB bvUKwU wjwL‡qwQ‡jb, ÔGKUv cyiv w`b
jvwMqvwQj| M„wnYx Rvbvjvc‡_ GB mgq Zvnv‡K Nb Nb Pv mieivn
KwiqvwQ‡jb (¯§„wZPviY, mRbxKvšÍ)| Zv‡ZB GB Agi bvU‡Ki m„wó|
Zvivk¼i e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôiex›`ªbv‡_i wPiKzgvi mfvi ci Ggb mygayi
nvm¨i‡mi wgjbvšÍK bvUK evsjvq Avi †jLv nqwb| (iex›`ª ˆgÎ ¯§iY
msL¨v, kwbev‡ii wPwV, dvêyb 1339)|
ejv hvq iwe ˆg‡Îi gv÷vi wcm gvbgqx Mvj©©m ¯‹zj| Zuvi
cwiwPwZ, RbwcÖqZvi †K›`ªwe›`y GB bvUKwU| 1932 mv‡j bvUKwU
cÖKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_B ÷vi w_‡qUv‡ii wW‡i±i nwi`vm P‡Ævcva¨vq
bvUKwU g‡Â wb‡q Av‡mb| bvU‡Ki bvqK gvb‡mi f‚wgKvq iƒc`vb
K‡ib Rni Mv½ywj| Gi †eZvi bvU¨iƒc †`Iqv n‡j 1933 mv‡j
AvKvkevYx †_‡K GwU m¤úªPvwiZ nq| Awfbq K‡ib weL¨vZ †eZvi
wkíx b„‡cb gRyg`vi I ex‡i›`ªK…ò f`ª| bvUKwUi RbwcÖqZv GZUvB
AvKvk †Qvuqv wQj †q 1935 I 1958 mv‡j `yÕevi Gi Pjw”PÎvqb nq|
Õ58-i Pjw”P‡Î gvb‡mi f‚wgKvq DËgKzgvi Ges nvivwbwai f‚wgKvq
Awfbq K‡ib Rni ivq| Gici bvUKwU‡K Avbv nq ÔisgnjÕ-G|
2004 mv‡j mgxÿY bvU¨‡Mvôxi c¼R gywÝ bvUKwU Avevi g‡Â wb‡q
Av‡mb| me wg‡j evsjvi gvbyl kZ kZ iRbx Dc‡fvM K‡i GB
bvU‡Ki im| ZviciI iwe ˆgÎ AveQvqv AÜKv‡i XvKv GKwU bvg|
GZUv Ae‡njvi wK wZwb †hvM¨?
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GB Ro‡Z¡i Aemvb NUv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zuvi †QvUMí I bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g|
wZwb evOvwj‡K nvmv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h nvwm n‡e Rxe‡bi ewntcÖKk| _
vW© K¬v‡mi Mímn Zuvi †kl †jLv Mí Rjcvwb; hv Zuvi g„Zz¨i Ae¨ewnZ
c~‡e© cÖKvwkZ nq fviZel© cwÎKvq 20 el© 2q LÐ-3q msL¨v dvêyb
1339 mv‡j| MíwU‡Z nvm¨im I Uªv‡RwWi GK Ac~e© mgvnvi †`wL
`yB mncvQx I wg‡Z cÖvYnwi I cÖvYK…òi Rxe‡b| MíwU †kl n‡q‡Q
cÖvYK…òi wbivgqnxb R¡‡i| MíwU cÖKv‡ki ciciB †jLK iscyi
hvb Zuvi Amy¯’ gv‡K †`L‡Z| †mLv‡bB `k NÈvi R¡‡i iwe ˆg‡Îi
Rxebvemvb N‡U| Zuvi g‡a¨ †h R¡ivZ¼ wQj †mUv gvbgqx Mvj©m ¯‹zj
bvU‡KI Av‡Q, g¨v‡jwiqvq AvµvšÍ MÖvgevmxi AvnvRvwi‡Z| ejv hvq
Zuvi Rxeb I mvwnZ¨ wQj Awfbœ m~‡Î Muv_v|
hviv _vW© K¬v‡mi hvÎx, mvaviY, †eKvi, ewÂZ, Amnvq Zv‡`i
wb‡qB iwe ˆg‡Îi mvwnZ¨m„wói g~j cÖeYZv cÖwZfvwmZ| kirP›`ª,
Zvivk¼i, wef~wZf~l‡Yi †jLvq MÖvgevsjvi mvaviY gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li
†h wbLuyZ wPÎ mRxeZvq Aw¼Z, Zvi mv‡_ iwe ˆg‡Îi †jLvq Dcwi
wnmv‡e cvIqv hvq wbg©j nvm¨im| kirP›`ª, wef~wZf~lY gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi
†jLvqI i‡q‡Q †mB i‡mi QovQwo| `ytL, ˆ`b¨, `vwi`ª †h Rxe‡bi
m¤ú`, iwe ˆg‡Îi †jLvq Zvi gayi fvl¨ Db¥xwjZ| †h Rxeb myL-
m¤ú`-cÖvPz‡h© ficyi, bv PvB‡ZB †g‡j me PvIqv-cvIqv, †hLv‡b AkÖæ
†bB, wbivkv †bB, Abv`i †bB, †m Rxeb‡Zv giægq, †m Rxeb Pvbwb
iwe ˆgÎ, Zuvi cÖwZwU †jLvq ZvB dz‡U I‡V †mB RxebKzwZ| GQvov
Zvi wkïcÖvY †h gvbylwU m`v gyLwiZ wQj Zuvi AšÍ‡i, Zv‡K K‡jøvwjZ
n‡e †`wL Mímg‡MÖ| nvwm-Kvbœvi †`vjvP‡j Zviv iex›`ªbv‡_i dwUK-
AvM÷ 2019 29
Zvivc`, kirP‡›`ªi B›`ªbv_-
ivgjvj ev wef‚wZf~l‡Yi ivYy †h
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mgKvjÿzä, †bwZ I mskqev`x,
D”Q…•Lj-D‡jøvj, Awb‡KZ
I †hŠbZvwoZ Ges cvðvZ¨
fveavivcyó, iwe ˆgÎ †mKv‡ji
n‡qI a‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb gvby‡li
wPivqZ Rxebaviv‡K, gvby‡li
gnZ¡ I Av`k©‡K, iex›`ª-kir
fvebv‡K, cÖ_v I cig‡K, MÖvg
kû‡i Rxe‡bi mvij¨‡K Ges

GKvšÍ Avjvc‡b wbgvB fÆvPvh©

mZ¨-my›`‡ii `k©b‡K| Zuvi
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bv‡gi mv_©KZv e„_v hvqwb|
cybð: hviv Zuvi Agi m„wó gvbgqx
Mvj©m ¯‹zj co‡Z ev g¯’
Ki‡Z Pvb, Zviv GKUz Kó K‡i
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emy m¤úvw`Z `y®úÖvc¨ mvwnZ¨
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KjKvZv, 1992 I 2002-Gi
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MvRx AvwRRyi ingvb
cÖvewÜK
dL‡i Avjg
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me©vwaK cwVZ Zuvi †gg mv‡ne Dcb¨vmwU GLbI mgvb RbwcÖq| KjKvZvi Ag„Z
cwÎKvq Zuvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ivRavbxi †bc‡_¨ Qvcv n‡qwQj 1963 mv‡j| †mB
†_‡K ïiæ| Gici wi‡cvU©vi, cvj©v‡g›U wóªU, †gg mv‡ne, wW‡cøvg¨vU, wgwbevm,
gvZvj, BbwKjve, e¨v‡Pji, †Kivwb, Wvwj©s, bvPwb, wcÖqe‡ily, Rskb, cÖ‡ek wb‡la,
g¨vWvg, KK‡Uj, AvKvk fiv m~h© Zviv, A¨vs‡jv BwÛqvb, †Mva~wjqvmn 150wU
Dcb¨vm wj‡L wZwb RxešÍ wKse`šÍx‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb|
Gme Dcb¨v‡m wZwb me ai‡bi gvby‡li Rxeb‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| †gg mv‡ne Dcb¨v‡mi Pjw”PÎ
e· Awdm wnU K‡i‡Q| Zuvi Dcb¨vm wb‡q A‡bK¸‡jv Pjw”PÎ n‡q‡Q| c„w_exi me †`‡ki evOvwj
wbgvB fÆvPvh© c‡o‡Qb| wb‡Ri gyÝxqvbvq wZwb Zuvi Dcb¨vm‡K Pz¤^K evwb‡q evOvwj cvVK‡K AvKl©Y
K‡i‡Qb| A‡bK‡K Kuvw`‡q wZwb wbgvB fÆvPvh© n‡q‡Qb| wZwb Mí Dcb¨vm wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb| K_v
e‡j‡Qb Rxe‡bi LuywUbvwU welq wb‡q| cÖ_g †jLvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk cwic~Y© Jcb¨vwmK nIqvi Mí
ïwb‡q‡Qb|
wbgvB fÆvPvh© e‡j‡Qb, ÔDcb¨v‡m †Pv‡Li Rj _vK‡e| Rxeb msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm _vK‡e| Rxe‡bi
gy‡LvgywL n‡q Kjg ai‡Z n‡e| Mv‡Qi Zjvq RovRwo, MovMwo Ki‡j ev”Pv nq| Gme wb‡q Dcb¨vmI
†jLv hvq| wKš‘ †h Dcb¨v‡m gvby‡li myL-`ytL Rwo‡q †bB, †m Dcb¨vm KvjRqx n‡Z cv‡i bv| cvVKwcÖqZv
cvq bv| †c‡jI Zv ¯’vqx nq bv|Õ wZwb †jLv‡jwL ïiæi Mí †kvbv‡jb, ÔAvwg ZLb wi‡cvU©vi| GKw`b
w`wjø‡Z Ag„Z cwÎKvi m¤úv`K ZzlviKvwšÍ †Nv‡li m‡½ †`Lv| wZwb Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Avwg cwÎKvi
GwWUi n‡qwQ| Zzwg Mí-Dcb¨vm †jL| Avwg Zuvi Drmv‡n Dcb¨vm †jLv ïiæ Kwi| Avgvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm
ivRavbxi †bc‡_¨| Dcb¨vmwU Ag„Z cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e Qvcv nq| †ek cvVKwcÖqZv cvq| Zzlvieveyi
Aby‡iv‡a c‡ii mßv‡n Avwg wi‡cvU©vi bv‡g Av‡iKwU Dcb¨vm wjwL| GwUI avivevwnKfv‡e Qvcv nq|
Gici wfAvBwc Dcb¨vm Qvcv nq| 1964 mv‡j Avgvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm eB AvKv‡i †ei nq| GwUi bvg
ivRavbxi †bc‡_¨| e‡iY¨ Aa¨vcK, `vk©wbK GK mgq fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb m‡e©cjøx ivavK…ò wZwb
Avgvi cÖ_g Dcb¨v‡mi gyLe× wj‡L †`b|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb, ÔkirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq Avgvi wcÖq Jcb¨vwmK| Avi Avwg Av‡gwiKvi Jcb¨vwmK
Av‡b©÷ †nvwgs I‡qi KvQ †_‡K Dcb¨vm †jLvi Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡qwQ| evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKRb Jcb¨vwm‡Ki
†jLv Avwg c‡owQ| nygvq~b Avn‡g`, Bg`v`yj nK wgj‡bi †jLv Avgvi fvj †j‡M‡Q|Õ
mvsevw`eZvi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© ej‡jb, Ô1950 mv‡j †jvK †meK cwÎKvi gva¨‡g Avgvi mvsevw`KZv

30 AvM÷ 2019
Rxe‡bi ïiæ| ïiæ‡Z Avgvi †eZb wQj 10 UvKv| Gici K‡qKwU
KvM‡R KvR K‡iwQ| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A‡bK wi‡cvU© wj‡LwQ| RqcÖKvk
bvivqY, ivg‡gvnb jwnqv, MvÜxRxi NwbóZv †c‡qwQ| Lye KvQ †_‡K
Gu‡`i †`‡LwQ| mvsevw`KZvq mdj n‡qwQ| mvsevw`K n‡Z †M‡j
covïbv Ki‡Z nq| Avi _vK‡Z nq `~i`wk©Zv| GKRb m„Rbkxj
gvbyl fvj mvsevw`K n‡Z cv‡i| webv cqmvq jv †L‡q wWbvi
†L‡q ûBw¯‹ †L‡q eo mvsevw`K nIqv hvq bv| GLb Gme K_v
e‡j jvf †bB| mvsevw`K‡K wd« ûBw¯‹ LvB‡q wi‡cvU© †jLv‡bv nq|
ivRbxwZwe`iv msev`c·K fq cvq bv| evwYwR¨KxKi‡Yi Kvi‡Y
GB †ckvi ÿwZ n‡q †M‡Q| UvKv w`‡q mevB‡K †Kbvi cÖeYZv †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ mvsevw`KZv Rxeb wb‡q Avgvi †Kvb eovB †bB|
PvK‡ii KvR K‡iwQ| G‡Z †Kvb Me© †bB| Avwg wb‡R‡K GKRb
Jcb¨vwmK fve‡ZB fvjevwm| Avgvi cwiPq Avwg wbgvB fÆvPvh©|Õ
evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi bvwo evsjv‡`‡kB
†cuvZv| evev-`v`vi wf‡U h‡kv‡ii kiïbv MÖv‡g| GB MÖv‡g Avwg
K‡qKevi G‡mwQ| Z‡e Avgvi Rb¥ KjKvZv bvi‡KjWv½vi †ij
†KvqvU©v‡i 1931 mv‡j| evev †i‡j PvKwi Ki‡Zb| Gici 1944
mv‡j h‡kv‡ii wWw÷ªK †ev‡W©i wiUvqvW© BwÄwbqvi wÿwZ‡gvnb †Nvl,
e½evmx K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK gnx‡Zvl ivq‡PŠayix h‡kv‡i cÖ_g K‡jR
Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb| G‡`i Wv‡K Avgvi evev h‡kvi K‡j‡Ri (eZ©gvb
GgGg K‡jR) mycvwi‡›U‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡ †bb| Avwg KjKvZv †_‡K
h‡kv‡i P‡j Avwm| kn‡ii †jvb Awdm cvovq _vKZvg| ZLb
Bs‡iR-we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Zz‡½| ZiæY hyeKiv †¯øvMvb w`Z, ÔBs‡iR
Zzwg fviZ †Q‡o hvI| Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv `vI|Õ †`ke¨vcx Av‡›`vjb
ïiæ n‡j h‡kv‡iI So I‡V| Avwg© Awdmvi Lyb nq| †UªRvwi jyU nq|
†cv÷ Awd‡m Av¸b jv‡M| A‡bK‡K AvUK Kiv nq| ZLb Avgvi
eqm 11/12 eQi| †mBme wecø‡ei w`‡bi K_v g‡b n‡j Mv wkD‡i
I‡V| h‡kvi mw¤§jbx Bbw÷wUD‡U †jLvcov Kwi| GLv‡b Avwg wm·
†_‡K GBU ch©šÍ c‡owQ| mw¤§jbx ¯‹z‡ji ¯§„wZ †KvbIw`b fzje bv|
Avgvi Lye R¡i n‡qwQj| †nWgv÷vi wegjKvwšÍi ¯¿x Avgvi gv_vq Rj
†X‡j gv‡qi gZ hZœ K‡i mvwi‡q Zz‡jwQ‡jb| gv‡qi K_v g‡b †bB|
Z‡e Zuvi K_v g‡b Av‡Q| gvÎ mv‡o wZb eQi eq‡m Avgvi gv gviv
weÁvbxmÄxeKz
weµggmvivfvB
Awf‡bZv vi
hvb| Avwg evevi †Kv‡jB gvbyl n‡qwQ| Z‡e Avgv‡`i Lye Afve
wQj| `vwi`ª‡K Avwg Lye KvQ †_‡K †`‡LwQ| Lvev‡ii Kó wQj wKš‘
ZviciI Avwg RxebmsMÖv‡g nvi‡Z PvBwb| QvqvXvKv MÖvg wQj ïiïbv|
Avgv‡`i evMvb wQj| cyKzi wQj| Z‡e iv¯ÍvNvU wQj Lye Lvivc| Avwg
Avgvi evev-VvKz`©vi †mB ïiïbv MÖvg Avi mw¤§jbx Bbw÷wUD‡Ui K_v
†KvbIw`b fzje bv| GLv‡b Avgvi gvqv Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q|
Ôevsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl LyeB fvj| wKQz `yóz †jvK ev` w`‡j †ewkifvM
gvbylB fvj| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k cÖPzi †cÖv-cvwK¯Ívwb Av‡Q, hv LyeB
`ytLRbK| evsjv‡`‡k Avgvi cÖPzi cvVK f³ i‡q‡Q| w÷gvi, †Uª‡b
Avgvi eB wewµ nq| Avwg XvKvq G‡m †cøb †_‡K †b‡gI †`‡LwQ
Avgvi †fRvj eB (wbDR wcÖ‡›U Qvcv) wewµ n‡”Q| Avwg AmsL¨ wPwV
cvB| A‡b‡K Avgv‡K †dvb K‡i| Avwg Lywk nB| Avwg cvV‡Ki ü`q
Rq Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| cvVKivB †jLK‡K euvwP‡q iv‡L| evsjv‡`‡ki
cvVK-cvwVKv‡`i Avwg mkÖ× cÖYvg RvbvB| cvVKB Avgvi †g‡Wj|
cyi¯‹vi|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg LyeB Amy¯’| gw¯Í‡®‹ i³ÿiY n‡q‡Q|
wjL‡Z cvwi bv| A‡bK Kó K‡i MZ eQi †Rvqvi fvUv Dcb¨vm
†ei n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GKwU fvj Dcb¨vm †jLvi Rb¨ Avwg GLbI †eu‡P
AvwQ|Õ
†gg mv‡ne Dcb¨vm wb‡q wZwb †Kvb gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z Pvbwb| gyL
jvj K‡i e‡j‡Qb, ÔhLb †gg mv‡ne eB evRv‡i Av‡m, ZLb A‡b‡KB
Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Dcb¨vmwUi Kvwnbx Avgv‡K wN‡iB wKbv? Avwg
†Kvb gšÍe¨ Kwiwb| AvR 50eQi ci G‡m cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q †gg mv‡ne
Avm‡j AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK Dcb¨vm| GLbI ZiæY-hyeKiv †gg mv‡ne
c‡o| GLei Avwg Rvwb| G‡Z Avwg Drdzjø nB|Õ
Z‡e Dcb¨v‡mi bvqK Ôev”PzÕ wK wZwbBÑ Ggb cÖ‡kœi nu¨v m~PK
DËi w`‡q †n‡m‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki cvVK‡`i cÖYvg Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb, ÔXvKvq Avgvi GKRb gv Av‡Qb gvngy`v †eMg| GQvov
AmsL¨ cvVK f³ AbyivMx Av‡Qb| Avwg Zv‡`i Lye fv‡jvevwm|
evsjv‡`k‡KI Lye fvjevwm|
dL‡i Avjg
mvsevw`K, Kv‡ji KÉ, h‡kvi
NUbvcwÄ AvM÷
01 AvM÷ 1932 ewjDW Awf‡bÎx gxbvKzgvixi Rb¥
02 AvM÷ 1861 AvPvh© cÖdzjøP›`ª iv‡qi Rb¥
04 AvM÷ 1929 wK‡kviKzgv‡ii Rb¥
07 AvM÷ 1868 cÖg_ †PŠayixi Rb¥
07 AvM÷ 1925 K…wlwe` GgGm ¯^vgxbv_‡bi Rb¥
07 AvM÷ 1941 iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii g„Zz¨
11 AvM÷ 1908 ÿzw`iv‡gi duvwm
12 AvM÷ 1919 weÁvbx weµg mvivfvB‡qi Rb¥
15 AvM÷ 1871 Fwl Aiwe‡›`i Rb¥
15 AvM÷ 1926 KwewK‡kvi myKvšÍ fÆvPv‡h©i Rb¥
15 AvM÷ 1947 fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv w`em
15 AvM÷ 1947 Awf‡bZv ivwL ¸jRv‡ii Rb¥
16 AvM÷ 1886 ivgK…ò cignsm †`‡ei g„Zz¨
18 AvM÷ 1936 wnw›` MxwZKvi cwiPvjK ¸jRv‡ii Rb¥
20 AvM÷ 1912 †R¨vwZwi›`ª b›`xi Rb¥
20 AvM÷ 1944 ivRxe MvÜxi Rb¥
23 AvM÷ 1898 Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Rb¥
28 AvM÷ 1855 ¯^Y©Kzgvix †`exi Rb¥
29 AvM÷ 1976 KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi g„Zz¨
31 AvM÷ 1560 gyNj m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii Rb¥
AvM÷ 2019 31
 Wv‡qwi Ly‡j euvw`‡Ki cvZvi GK`g Dc‡i Avh©v wjLjÑ
wgj| Avi Wvbw`‡Ki cvZvi Dc‡i wjLjÑ Awgj|| Zvici
Ii m‡½ mvZ¨wKi Kx Kx wgj, Zv GK `yB wZb b¤^i w`‡q
w`‡q I wjL‡Z ïiæ Kij| wgj †jLvUvi bx‡P| I AvBmwµg
fvjev‡m| †mI| Ii bxj is cQ›`| ZviI| Ii wbwiwewj
RvqMv fvj jv‡M, ZviI ZvB| GBfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK Ii
†QvUMí
m‡½ Zvi hv hv wgj g‡b coj, I wjL‡Z jvMj| Zvic‡i
wjLj Ii Kx Kx Zvi fvj jv‡M| Ii nvwmUv Lye wgwó| A‡bK
wgj-Awgj mgq fvj bv jvM‡jI I mewKQz Lye mn‡R gvwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i|
†hLv‡bB †`Lv Kivi K_v _vK bv †Kb, nvRvi KvR _vK‡jI
wm×v_© wmsn I memgq Av‡M G‡m `uvovq| e‡j, †Zvgvi fvjevmvi †P‡q
Avgvi fvjevmvi Uvb A‡bK †ewk| ZvB Avwg memgq Av‡M
Avwm| †m K_v ï‡b, Avh©v eûevi cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q †h,
Zvi fvjevmvi UvbI †KvbI As‡k Kg bq| wKš‘ hZeviB I
Av‡M †M‡Q, wM‡q †`‡L‡Q, Zvi eû Av‡MB I G‡m nvwRi| Ii
Avi GKUv eo ¸Y, Ii g‡b †KvbI wRwjwci cu¨vP †bB|
Avi Kx! Avi Kx! Avi Kx! Ii m‡½ Zvi Avi Kx Kx wgj Av‡Q ev Ii
Avi Kx Kx Zvi fvj jv‡M, GB gyn~‡Z© Zvi Avi g‡b co‡Q bv| wVK Kij,
c‡i hw` g‡b c‡o, ZLb wjL‡e| Zvi †P‡q eis, Zvi m‡½ Ii Kx Kx Awgj ev
Zvi Kx Kx Ii cQ›` bq, †m¸‡jv †h-KÕUv GLb g‡b co‡Q, I wj‡L †dj‡e|
ZvB Wvbw`‡Ki cvZvq Awgj-Gi bx‡P Avh©v wjLjÑ I GKvbœeZ©x cwiev‡i eo
n‡q‡Q| we‡qi c‡iI Ii evev gv‡qi m‡½B I _vK‡Z Pvq| †mUv Ii GK`g
cQ›` bq| hv‡K †KvbI w`b †`‡Lwb, Rv‡b bv, †P‡b bv, †mB evwo‡Z we‡q K‡i
hv‡”Q e‡j, AvPgKv GKRb f`ªgwnjv‡K gv e‡j WvK‡Z n‡e, G Kx K_v! wQt|
Ii nv‡Z Avevi GKMv`v AvswU| Lye fvj K_v| nVvr wec` Avc` n‡j I¸‡jv
Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i wVKB, wKš‘ Zv e‡j AZ wkKo-evKo ci‡Z n‡e| GB wesk
kZvãx‡Z `uvwo‡q †KD Gme wek¦vm K‡i? Lye g‡b Av‡Q, †mw`b iv¯Ívi av‡i GKUv
weovjQvbv‡K KzuBKzB Ki‡Z †`‡L, I Zv‡K †Kv‡j Zz‡j wb‡qwQj| Pv‡qi †`vKvb
†_‡K fuv‡o K‡i `ya wK‡b G‡b LvB‡qwQj| Zvi c‡i †Kv_vq I‡K Qvo‡e, Zv
wb‡q Ii †m Kx wPšÍv| Avkcv‡k †KvbI KzKzi †bB †Zv? nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z Avevi
Mvwo-iv¯Ívq P‡j hv‡e bv †Zv! Zvi c‡i mvg‡bi evRv‡i wM‡q gv‡Qi cwƇZ I‡K
†Q‡o w`‡q Av‡m|
†KvbI gv‡b nq! mßv‡n GKw`b wK `yÕw`b †`Lv nq, ZvI gvÎ K‡qKNÈvi
Rb¨| Avi †mB mgqUv †KD Gfv‡e bó K‡i! Ii Gme G‡°ev‡i fvj jv‡M bv|
Avi AcQ›`? †KD KLbI ï‡b‡Q †h, evev gv‡K †Q‡p `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e †`‡L †KD
cÖ‡gvkb wb‡Z Pvq bv? †KvbI †Q‡ji m‡½ GKUz †n‡m †n‡m K_v ej‡Z †`L‡jB
Ii gyL †Mvgov n‡q hvq| Kxme mvZ-cuvP fv‡e| A_P wbR©b RvqMvq KvQvKvwQ
n‡jI nvZ †Quvqv ev GK-AvaUv Pzgyi †ewk I G‡Mv‡ZB mvnm cvq bv| GZ wfZz!
Ii Avi Kx Kx cQ›` bq Zvi? ZvwjKvUv GKUv ci GKUv evo‡ZB jvMj|
gvm Q‡qKI nqwb wkwki g‡Â GKUv Abyôv‡b A¨v¼vwis Ki‡Z wM‡q mvZ¨wKi
m‡½ cwiPq nq Avh©vi| mvZ¨wK `xN©w`b a‡i Ave„wË Ki‡Q| B`vbxs A¨v¼vwis
Ki‡Q| GKeQiI nqwb GKUv wUwf P¨v‡b‡j KvR Ki‡Q| eQi cuwP‡kK eqm|
`w¶Y KjKvZvq `yÕcyiæ‡li evm| †`L‡Z ïb‡Z g›` bq|
Avh©v _v‡K më‡j‡K| †Z‡iv b¤^i U¨v‡¼i Kv‡Q| †QvU‡ejvq Qwe AuvKv
wkLZ| dvB‡f D‡V bv‡P fwZ© nq| gvmQ‡qK Mv‡biI Zvwjg wb‡qwQj| wKš‘
†KvbIUv‡ZB †Zgb wKQz K‡i DV‡Z cv‡iwb| †k‡l K‡j‡R fwZ© nIqvi c‡i GK
mncvVxi †`Lv‡`wL, †mI fwZ© nq A¨v¼vwis‡qi GKUv †Kv‡m©| QÕgv‡mi †Kvm©|
†Kvm© †kl nIqvi c‡i nv‡Z-Kj‡g AwfÁZvi Rb¨ IB cÖwZôvbB Avi cuvPRb
QvÎQvÎxi gZ Zv‡KI K‡qKwU RvqMvq mn-A¨v¼vwis Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡qwQj|
Zvi g‡a¨ wQj wkwki g‡Âi IB AbyôvbwU| eqm AvVv‡iv wK Dwbk| nj‡`‡U

32 AvM÷ 2019
dimv| †MvjMvj| gyLkÖxI †ek XjX‡j|
†h-†KvbI †Q‡ji bR‡i covi gZ †`L‡Z|
wkwki g‡Âi †mB Abyôvb PjvKvjxb
nVvr we`y¨rweåvU N‡U| mviv †cÖ¶vM„n
G‡Kev‡i NyiNywU AÜKvi| A‡b‡KB Zuv‡`i
†gvevBj Ab K‡i †`b| wKš‘ †mB Av‡jv
†KvbI Kv‡R Av‡m bv| nj-fwZ© †jvK| †Kvb
†jvK †Kgb, ejv gykwKj| †h †KvbI mgq
GKUv ANUb N‡U †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ gyn~‡Z©i
g‡a¨ cy‡iv e¨vcviUv mvg‡j †bq mvZ¨wK|
g‡Â D‡V Lvwj Mjvq K_vi Rv`y‡Z `k©K‡`i
†m Ggb gvwZ‡q iv‡L †h, †Rbv‡iUi Pvjy
K‡i Av‡jv R¡vjv‡Z R¡vjv‡Z nj-KZ©…c‡¶i
†h `k ev‡iv wgwbU mgq †j‡MwQj, †mB
mgqUv I †h Kx K‡i cvi K‡i w`‡qwQj,
†KD eyS‡ZB cv‡iwb| IiKg cwiw¯’wZi
Agb mvgvj †`Iqv †`‡L Av‡qvR‡Kiv
AevK| AevK n‡qwQj Avh©vI| KviY, Ggb
wmPz‡qk‡b co‡j Kx Ki‡Z n‡e, †m-K_v
Zvi A¨v¼vwis wm‡jev‡mi g‡a¨ †Kv_vI ejv
wQj bv| GgbUv †h nq, n‡Z cv‡i, GUv †KD
Zv‡K e‡jIwb| mwZ¨B GUv Zvi GKUv eo
AwfÁZv| Avh©v Ii cÖksmv bv K‡i cv‡iwb|
†m w`bB Abyôv‡bi †k‡l I‡`i g‡a¨ †dvb
b¤^i †`Iqv-†bIqv n‡qwQj|
†mB †_‡K Avjvc| †dvbvdzwb Ges
†`Lv Kiv| Ges `ªæZ GKRb Ab¨R‡bi m‡½
Rwo‡q cov| Avi GB Rwo‡q covi K_vUv
Avh©v KviI Kv‡Q jy‡KvqIwb| eÜyevÜe‡`iI
e‡jwQj|
me ï‡b Ii GK eÜy e‡jwQj, †gk|
wKš‘ †`‡Lï‡b †gk| GLb Avgv‡`i covkv‡bv
Kivi mgq| Av‡M wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z
n‡e| Ab¨ w`‡K mgq bó Ki‡j Rvbwe,
Av‡L‡i wb‡RiB ¶wZ| Zvi Dc‡i ZzB hv
ejwQm, †Zv‡`i `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbI wgjB
†bB, ZzB Pvm we‡qi c‡i Avjv`v _vK‡Z|
A_P I Pvq evev-gv‡qi m‡½ _vK‡Z| ZzB
†hUv‡K Kzms¯‹vi ewjm, I †mUv‡KB ms¯‹vi
g‡b K‡i| ZzB Pvm nB-û‡j­vo K‡i Rxeb
KvUv‡Z, Avi I Pvq kvšÍ w`wNi gZ _vK‡Z|
Kx K‡i `yÕR‡b GKm‡½ _vKwe ej?
Ñ Zv n‡j Kx Kie ej †Zv? wR‡Ám
K‡iwQj Avh©v| eÜywU e‡jwQj, GK KvR
Ki| `y‡Uv KvMR †b| GKUv KvM‡R †jL,
†Zvi m‡½ Ii Kx Kx †g‡j, Ii Kx Kx †Zvi
fvj jv‡M, †m-me| Avi Ab¨ KvMRUvq
†jL, †Zvi m‡½ Ii Kx Kx Awgj| Ii Kx Kx
†Zvi cQ›` bq, †m-me| Zvic‡i `¨vL, †Kvb
w`‡Ki cvjøvUv fvix| hw` †`wLm, wgjUvB
†ewk, ZLb G‡Mvwe| Avi hw` †`wLm, Awgj
†ewk, ZLb bv nq m‡i Avmwe|
Ñ GZw`b †gkvi c‡i m‡i Avme?
Ñ KZw`b n‡q‡Q?
Ñ cÖvq QÕgvm|
Ñ QÕgvm? aym, †cÖ‡gi †¶‡Î QÕgvm
Avevi †KvbI mgq bvwK?
Ñ wKš‘ Kx K‡i eje?
Ñ mevB †hfv‡e e‡j, †mBfv‡e ejwe|
ejwe, Avwg A‡bK †f‡e †`Ljvg, Avgv‡`i
wi‡jkbUv †evanq Avi †U‡b wb‡q hvIqv wVK
n‡e bv| wKQz g‡b †Kv‡iv bv| Avgiv eis
AvR †_‡K Lye fvj eÜy n‡q _vKe, †Kgb?
Ñ I ivwR n‡e?
Ñ ew×gvb †Q‡j n‡j n‡e?
Ñ hw` ivwR bv nq?
Ñ ZLb GKUz Kov nwe|
Ñ Zv‡ZI hw` bv `‡g?
Ñ †`Lv Kiwe bv|
Ñ †dvb Ki‡j?
Ñ aiwe bv|
Ñ hw` K‡j‡Ri †M‡U G‡m `uvovq?
Ñ BM‡bvi Kiwe| KÕw`b `uvov‡e?
Ñ hw` †RvivRywi K‡i?
Ñ Ii evwo‡Z †dvb K‡i ejwe,
Avcbv‡`i †Q‡j Avgv‡K wei³ Ki‡Q, I‡K
mvgjvb|
Ñ †mUv wK wVK n‡e?
Ñ †mUv c‡ii K_v| Av‡M `¨vL, †KvbUv
†ewk, wgj bv Awgj| IB eÜyi K_v gZB
I ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z e‡m‡Q| Wv‡qwii
GKw`‡Ki cvZvq cici wj‡L hv‡”Q wgj,
Avi Ab¨w`‡Ki cvZvq Awgj| Awgj wjL‡Z
wjL‡Z wgj †c‡q †M‡jB, cv‡Q fz‡j hvq,
ZvB PU K‡i wg‡ji cvZvq wM‡q †mUv wj‡L
†dj‡Q| wgj wjL‡Z wjL‡Z Awgj g‡b
co‡jB, Agwb P‡j hv‡”Q Awg‡ji cvZvq|
GBfv‡e wjL‡Z wjL‡Z Avh©v †`Lj, Ii
m‡½ mvZ¨wKi wgj GKcvZvi g‡a¨B AvU‡K
†M‡Q| A_P Awgj¸‡jv G‡Ki ci GK
†e‡oB hv‡”Q| wØZxq cvZv †Q‡o Z…Zxq
cvZvi †kl cÖv‡šÍ G‡m †V‡K‡Q| Zvic‡iI
GKUv GKUv K‡i GLbI Awgj g‡b co‡Q|
Zv n‡j Kx n‡e! I wK mvZ¨wK‡K bv
K‡i †`‡e! bv K‡i w`‡j †Zv ZviB ¶wZ|
I †hUvq A‡bKLvwb mvejxj n‡q D‡V‡Q|
I †hUv mwZ¨ mwZ¨B Ki‡Z Pvq, †mUv nj
A¨v¼vwis| mvZ¨wKi m‡½ _vK‡j I AviI
A‡bK wKQz wkL‡Z cvi‡e| Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|
eyS‡Z cvi‡e| A‡bK †ewk my‡hvM cv‡e| G
jvB‡b mvZ¨wKi eûw`‡bi AwfÁZv| hZB
ewj bv †Kb, Avgiv AvR †_‡K eÜy n‡q
_vKe, wKš‘ GKevi †cÖg †f‡O †M‡j wK †KD
Avi cv‡k _v‡K?
Av”Qv, Avwg †hfv‡e Avgvi m‡½ Ii Kx
Kx wgj Avi Kx Kx Awgj, †mUv †`‡L wm×všÍ
wbw”Q, Ii m‡½ Avi G‡Mve wK bv, Avgvi
evev-gv ev Zuv‡`i evev-gv‡qiv wK Gfv‡eB
wm×všÍ wb‡Zb? Avwg †Zv ï‡bwQ, Avgvi
VvKzgvi bvwK we‡q n‡qwQj gvÎ mvZeQi
eq‡m| wcuwo‡Z bq, Kuvmvi _vjvq ewm‡q
hLb Zuv‡`i ïf`„wó Kiv‡bv nw”Qj, wZwb
bvwK ZLb Ny‡g X‡j X‡j cowQ‡jb| Zuviv wK
myLx nbwb? mewKQz wK wn‡me K‡i nq? Avgvi
m‡½ †Zv Ii Zey K‡qKUv wgj Av‡Q, hv‡`i
†KvbI wgj nq bv, Zviv Kx K‡i?
Av”Qv, GKUv KvR Ki‡j nq bv! Avgvi
m‡½ Ii †hLv‡b †hLv‡b Awgj, †m¸‡jv‡K
hw` GKUz GKUz K‡i wg‡ji KvQvKvwQ wb‡q
Avm‡Z cvwi, Zvn‡j †Kgb nq? bv nq we‡qi
c‡i Ii evev-gv‡qi m‡½B _vKjvg| Zv‡Z
Amywe‡a Kx? gv-eveviv wK †Q‡j eD‡qi ¶wZ
Pvq? bv nq I KÕUv wkKo-evKo cijB,
KviI wek¦v‡m Avwg AvNvZ Ki‡Z hve †Kb?
bv nq I GKUz wfZzB nj| fq cvIqv fvj|
Lvivc KvR Ki‡Z hvevi Av‡M nvRvievi
fve‡e| fq †c‡q _g‡K `uvov‡e| Zvic‡iI
hw` fq cvq, †h Kv‡Q _vK‡e, Zv‡KB †Zv
Rwo‡q ai‡e, bv wK? Avi Ii Kv‡Q †K
_vK‡e? †m †Zv AvwgB| Zv n‡j mgm¨v
†Kv_vq?
Zvici gvÎ K‡qK gyn~Z©| GZ¶Y a‡i
wgj-Awg‡ji ZvwjKv †jLv cvZv¸‡jv Wv‡qwi
†_‡K SU K‡i wQ‡o KzwUKzwU K‡i Rvbvjv
w`‡q Dwo‡q w`j Avh©v| Avi ZLbB †e‡R
DVj Ii †gvevBj †dvb| mvZ¨wKi| Ñ Kx
KiQ?
Avh©v ejj, wK”Qz bv| †Zvgvi K_vB
fvewQjvg|
Ñ g‡b Av‡Q †Zv? Pvi‡Ui mgq b›`‡bi
mvg‡b?
Ñ Awdm †bB?
Ñ AvR‡K †Zv bvBU|
Ñ It †nv...
Ñ wVK mg‡q P‡j G‡mv wKš‘|
Ñ nu¨v †i evev nu¨v, Zzwg Avevi †`wi
†Kv‡iv bv †hb|
Ñ †Kb? †KvbIw`b K‡iwQ bvwK?
Ñ bv|
Ñ Z‡e?
Ñ wVK Av‡Q evev, wVK Av‡Q| †gvevBj
Ad K‡i Avh©v †`Lj, Nwo‡Z GKUv Kzwo|
†iwW n‡Z n‡Z AvovB‡U| Zv‡`i evwoi
mvg‡b w`‡q Nb Nb evm| cuvP-`k wgwb‡Ui
g‡a¨ evm †c‡q †M‡j G·vB‡Wi †gv‡o
†cŠuQ‡Z †cŠuQ‡Z mv‡o wZb‡U| Lye †ewk
n‡j †cŠ‡b Pvi‡U| Zvi c‡i wgwbU cvu‡PK
nuvUv| AvR I Av‡MB hv‡e| mvZ¨wKi Av‡M|
mvZ¨wK‡K I AvR G‡Kev‡i Pg‡K †`‡e|
cÖgvY K‡i †`‡e, GLb Zvi fvjevmvi
Uvb Ii †P‡qI †Xi †ewk| Z‡e Zvi Av‡M
Av‡iKUv KvR Zv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb †Zv
Lye Zvov, ZvB GLb bq, ev‡m D‡VB †mB
KvRUv mvi‡Z n‡e| IB eÜywU‡K †dvb K‡i
ej‡Z n‡e, †Zvi K_vgZB wgj Avi Awg‡ji
wn‡me Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Ljvg, wg‡ji cvjøvUvB
fvix| ZvB GLb Ii Kv‡QB hvw”Q| Ii
Kv‡QB|
wm×v_© wmsn
cwðgi‡½i Kwe, K_vKvi
AvM÷ 2019 33
Nwoi KuvUvi w`‡KÑ B›`yevjv, gvjKvRvb I Av½yievjv

cÖeÜ cyivZbx evsjv Mvb

wek¦wRr ivq
1995-96 mv‡ji K_v| Avgvi e¨w³MZ Avgš¿‡Y XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb cyivZbx
Mv‡bi cÖexY wkíx ivgKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq| eÜz †iRvDi ingv‡bi evmvq cvwievwiK
cwi‡e‡k wZwb wQ‡jb| D‡Ïk¨, bvMwiK mywaR‡bi Kv‡Q cyivZbx Mv‡bi †mŠ›`h©
Zz‡j aiv| wQ‡jb mvZw`‡bi gZ| †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z wZwb K‡qKwU N‡ivqv
Avm‡i msMxZ cwi‡ekb K‡iwQ‡jb, †mBm‡½ cyi‡bv hy‡Mi bvbv Mí wZwb Zz‡j
a‡iwQ‡jb| AvR †_‡K kZel© Av‡M Mv‡bi Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj? MIniRvb,
B›`yevjv, RgxiæwÏb Luv wKsev AvOzievjv cÖgyL wkíxMY Kx Ae¯’vq msMxZ
cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb, KjKvZv kn‡ii Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj ev mvgvwRK cwi‡ekB
†KgbÑ Zv wb‡q †ek imv‡jv Mí ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| Ave`yjøvn& Avey mvqx` m¨vi †Zv
e‡jB em‡jb, GK wKse`šÍx iwmKRb ivgKzgvievey| huviv Zuv‡K Rv‡bb Zuviv
K_vUv GKev‡K¨ ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb| wZwb huv‡`i Mvb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb Zuviv mevB
cyi‡bv hy‡Mi iPwqZv|

34 AvM÷ 2019
GB cyivZb hy‡Mi mgqmxgvB-ev KZ? MZKvj Kx GB cyivZ‡bi
g‡a¨ co‡e? cyi‡bv ev nviv‡bvi m‡½ cyivZb ev cyivZbxi cv_©K¨
Kx? kã `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ A_©MZ cv_©K¨ bv _vK‡jI BswMZMZ cv_©K¨
we`¨gvb| ay‡jvq aymwiZ †KvbI cyi‡bv eB Avi MZKvj †Kbv †KvbI
eB‡qi g‡a¨ †hgb cv_©K¨ wKsev cyivZb ev cyivZbx kã D”PvwiZ
nevi m‡½ m‡½ †Kgb †hb †muv`v †muv`v MÜ bv‡K †f‡m Av‡m| A_v©r
kZ‡Ki ci kZK †cwi‡q Avmv welq¸‡jv cyivZ‡bi we‡klYhy³|
Z‡e wb‡`bc‡ÿ Ggb GKUv mgq‡K Avgiv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvwi hv
nviv‡bv Avi cyivZb‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` gvbœv †`, mZxbv_,
mܨv, mvBdzj Bmjvg, Av‡bvqviDwÏb Lvb, gvneyev ingvb, †di‡`Šmx
ingv‡bi Mvb †KD †iKW© K‡i Zvi Mv‡q Ônviv‡bv w`‡bi MvbÕ-Gi
†j‡fj Gu‡U †`q| wKš‘ †mB we`¨vcwZ †_‡K 1899 mvj ch©šÍ huv‡`i
Rb¥ Zuv‡`i Mvb‡K †Kej nviv‡bv w`‡bi Mv‡bi †j‡fj w`‡q †evSv‡bv
hv‡e bv| †m‡ÿ‡Î cyivZbx ev cÖvPxb evsjv Mvb ejvUvB hyw³hy³ g‡b
nq|
`xN©w`b a‡i evsjvq KxZ©b, evDj, ˆeòeMxwZ, mywdmsMxZ,
Uàv, cuvPvwj, ZiRv, KweMvb, hvÎv, evCRxevwoi Mvb, AvLovB-nvd
AvLovBmn wewfbœ avivi Mvb ivRZ¡ K‡i G‡m‡Q| Gi KÕwU Mvb-B ev
Avgv‡`i msMÖ‡n Av‡Q? Mvb¸‡jv Kx ïay Mvb, bvwK ZrKvjxb mgvR
e¨e¯’vi K_vI e‡j! cyivZb evsjvMv‡bi welqe¯‘ KLbI Ava¨vwZ¥K
KLbI Avw`imvZ¥K| cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K AvaywbK Kvj ch©šÍ evOvwji
Mv‡b ag© Ges Kvg AwZ wewPÎfv‡e G‡K Ac‡ii nvZ a‡i P‡j‡Q|
cuvPvwj, hvÎv, Kwe, AvLovB, nvd-AvLovB, Xc Mv‡b Avw`im
gyL¨| †m-i‡mi GKwU cÖavb Drm ivavK…‡òi †cÖgjxjvi wewea
ˆeòexq weeiY| ˆeòe Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ PÐx`vm, Ávb`vm, ejivg`vm,
†Mvwe›``v‡mi gZ Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvai Lye KgB wQ‡jb| we¯§qKi
NUbv GB, Jcwb‡ewkK e‡½ A_v©r mv‡ne‡`i ivRZ¡Kv‡j evsjv Mv‡b
Avw`i‡mi evb †W‡KwQj| P›`ªwK‡kvi ivq ¸YmvMi wj‡L‡Qb, Ô†h
Kzjv½bv MxZ Mvwn‡Z Rv‡bb Zuvnv‡K w`evivÎ Mjv Pvwcqv _vwK‡Z nq|
(Zuvi Mvb) hw` ˆ`evr ¸iæR‡bi K‡Y© cÖ‡ek K‡i, A_v©r kvïwo bb`x
ïwb‡Z cvq, ZLbB Zuvnvi Dc‡i m¤§vR©bxi e¨e¯’v nB‡e| Avgv‡`i
†`‡ki Awffve‡Kiv g‡b K‡ib, †h †Q‡j Mvb Mvwn‡Z wkwLqv‡Q †m
†Zv es‡ki Kzjv½vi, Zvnvi Avevi †jLvcov wkwLevi Avkv wK?Õ
ew¼gP›`ª wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔZLbKvi mKj Kve¨B Akøxj... ZLb
c~Rv-cve©Y Akøxj, Drme¸wj Akøxj, `y‡M©vrm‡ei begxi ivwÎ weL¨vZ
e¨vcvi| hvÎvi mO Akøxj nB‡jB †jvKiÄK nBZ| cuvPvjx nvd
AvLovB AkøxjZvi Rb¨B iwPZ|Õ
evsjv †cÖ‡gi Mv‡b GK kZ‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i Uàvi GK”QÎ
ivRZ¡ wQj| Uàvi cÖfve meiK‡gi evsjv Mv‡bB Aíwe¯Íi †`Lv hvq|
Ggb Abygvb hyw³m½Z †h, evsjv Uàvi ¯ªóv wQ‡jb ivgwbwa ¸ß ev
wbayevey (e½vã 1148-1245) Ges Zuvi mgKvjxb MvqK Kvwj`vm
P‡Ævcva¨vq ev Kvjx gxR©v| Kvwj`vm j‡ÿèŠ Nivbvi wkíx wQ‡jb e‡jB
nq‡Zv Zuv‡K gxR©v ejv nZ| Zuviv `yÕR‡bB wn›`y¯’vwb msMx‡Zi bvgRv`v
wkíx wQ‡jb| GB `yB wewkó MvqK †hme Uàv iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡Z
Avw`i‡mi Awfe¨w³ _vK‡jI †Kv_vI AkøxjZvi †jkgvÎ wQj bv|
ˆeVKx Uàvq AkøxjZvi AbycÖ‡ek Am¤¢ve¨ wQj cÖavbZ GB Kvi‡Y
†h, Zv‡Z G Mv‡bi Ô†WŠjÕ †f‡O hvq; Ab¨c‡ÿ ÔKweMv‡bi UàvÕ iƒ‡c
cwiwPZ Uàv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Akøxj ÔjniÕ Mvb| wKš‘ hv Uàv Mvb,
Zv‡Z KiæY i‡mi cÖvavb¨ wQj|
iv‡R¨k¦i wgÎ wj‡L‡Qb: ÔGK GKwU Mv‡bi wfZi w`‡q GK
GKwU e¨KzjZv †hb gg© ¯úk© K‡i hvqÕ| [iv‡R¨k¦i wgÎ, Ôwbayeveyi
MvbÕ (KwjKvZv 1981)Ñ GLv‡b wbayeveyi 20wU Uàvi ¯^iwjwc Av‡Q|]
A_P `vkiw_ ivq wb‡R GKRb L¨vZbvgv Uàv wkíx n‡qI
wj‡L‡Qb:
GLbI †Mj bv †eUxi jywK‡q Rj LvIqv
Ry‡Zvi †Pv‡U NyPve †Zvi wbayi Uàv MvIqv \
A_ev
†ek¨vi Avj‡q hvI euay †n, wbayi Uàv MvI|
Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi evsjv `L‡ji wKQz c‡i Av‡m Ôevey KvjPviÕ|
eveyi †kÖwY‡f` ˆZwi n‡qwQj AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †k‡lB, hvi g~‡j wQj
A_©‰bwZK ¯Íi‡f`| Bs‡iwR wkÿvi cÖmvi Ges cÖ_vwe‡ivax AvPvi-
AvPiY ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB evey‡`i D”Q…•Lj K‡i Zz‡jwQj| beevey‡`i
g`¨vmw³‡K A‡b‡K Bqs †e½‡ji cÖfve g‡b K‡ib| Ô†m mg‡q
myivcvb Kzms¯‹vi-fćbi GKUv cÖavb Dcvq wQj| whwb kv¯¿ I
†jvKvPv‡ii evav AwZµgc~eŸ©K cÖKvk¨fv‡e myivcvb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Zb,
wZwb ms¯‹viK`‡ji g‡a¨ AMÖMY¨ ewjqv cwiMwYZ nB‡eb| GB gšÍe¨
K‡i wkebv_ kv¯¿x †Zv †Lv` ivg‡gvn‡bi Nv‡oB Ômyivcvb wkÿv wel‡q
mnvqZvÕi c‡ivÿ `vwqZ¡ Pvwc‡q‡QbÕ|
mvs¯‹…wZK ivRavbx KjKvZv kn‡i bvbvai‡bi Mv‡bi cÖPjb
wQj| evsjv beRvMi‡Yi hy‡M msMxZ ms¯‹…wZi evZveiY Ly‡j †Mj|
ga¨hy‡Mi KxZ©b Mv‡bi avivevwnKZv wKQzUv ÿxY n‡q G‡jI G‡Kev‡i
wbwðý n‡q hvqwb| ˆeòexq mvabvi c_ a‡i KxZ©‡bi c_ Pjv GLbI
Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk kv³c`, Uàv, evDj Mvb, KweMvb,
†Lqvj-Vzswimn eû avivi Mvb Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j KjKvZv kn‡i †Ru‡K
e‡mwQj|
†m-†ÿ‡Î `yM©v`vm jvwnwo gnvkq ÔmsMx‡Zi hyM-wefvMÕ K‡i‡Qb
Gfv‡e: ÔmsMx‡Zi m„wó nB‡Z e½fvlvq G ch©šÍ hZ msMxZ cÖKvwkZ
nBqv‡Q, Zrmgy`vq‡K cÖavbZ mvZ fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| GB mvZ
fv‡Mi msMxZ‡K Avgiv mvZ hyM ev mvZ m¤úª`v‡qi msMxZ AvL¨v
cÖ`vb Kwijvg|
cÖ_g hyM
cÖ_g hy‡Mi msMxZ iPwqZvÑ we`¨vcwZ I PÐx`vm cÖf…wZ ˆeòe
KweMY| Zuvnv‡`i c`v¼ Abymi‡Y AvwRI †hmKj msMxZ iwPZ
nB‡Z‡Q, Zrmgy`vq‡K we`¨vcwZ-PÐx`v‡mi m¤úª`vqfz³ ewjqv g‡b
Kwi|
wØZxq hyM
wØZxq hy‡Mi cÖeZ©KÑ KweiÄb ivgcÖmv`| Zuvnvi Abymi‡Y AvwRI
hviv msMxZ iPbv Kwi‡Z‡Qb, Zuvnvw`M‡K ivgcÖmv‡`i m¤úª`vq
g‡a¨ MY¨ Kwi| AvRy †MuvmvB, ivg`yjvj cÖf…wZ GB m¯úª`v‡qi cÖ_g
`jfz³|
Z…Zxq hyM
Z…Zxq hy‡M KweMxwZi m„wó| iNybv_, niæ VvKzi, ivg emy cÖf…wZ GB
mg‡qi cÖwm× KweMxwZ-iPwqZv| Bunviv †h Ag~j¨ f~l‡Y e½fvlv‡K
mymw¾Z K‡ib, Zvnv wPiw`b mgy¾¡j weivR Kwi‡e|
PZz_© hyM
evsjv msMx‡Zi PZz_© hyM Uàv| fviZP‡›`ªi ci wbay eveyB me©cÖ_g
mij evsjv fvlvq weï× fvee¨ÄK UàmsMxZ iPbv Kwiqv evOvwj‡K
†gvwnZ K‡ib| kÖxai K_K cÖf…wZ wbayeveyi cieZ©x UàvMxwZ-
iPwqZvMY GB m¤úª`vqfz³|
cÂg hyM
KxZ©b I iPwqZvMYB cÂg hy‡Mi cÖeZ©K| ˆeòe KweM‡Yi c`vewj
fvwOqv KxZ©‡bi m„wó; cuvPvwjÑ KweMxwZiB iƒcvšÍigvÎ| gayKvb
KxZ©‡bi Ges `vkiw_ ivq cuvPvwji cÖeZ©K|
lô hyM
Zvnvi ci, evOvwji Mv‡b Avi GK bZzb hy‡Mi m„wó nq| ZvnvB lô
hyM| ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq GB hy‡Mi cÖ_g c_cÖ`k©K| BwbB cÖ_gZ
eªþmsMxZ iPbv K‡ib| ZrcieZ©x eªþmsMxZ iPwqZvMY BunviB
AbyKiY Kwi‡Z‡Qb|
eZ©gvb hyM‡K Avgiv msMx‡Zi mßg hyM bv‡g AwfwnZ Ki‡Z
cvwi| G hy‡Mi wKQzB b~ZbZ¡ bvB| G hy‡Mi bv‡g hvnv wKQz nBqv‡Q
mKjB c~e©eZ©x MxZ-iPwqZvM‡Yi AbymiYgvÎ| hvÎv, w_‡qUvi Ges
ag©msMxZ cÖf…wZ‡Z iPbvi b~Zb cš’v Avi cÖ`wk©Z nB‡Z‡Q bv|
AbyKi‡Y bvbviKg MvbB iwPZ nB‡Z‡Q e‡U; wKš‘ Zvnv‡Z mKj
hy‡Mi Mv‡biB mswgkÖY †`wL‡Z cvB| myZivs eZ©gvb hyM‡K ÔwgkÖhyMÕ
AvM÷ 2019 35
ÒB›`yevjv I AvOzievjv Avgvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg
cÖYg¨ e¨w³| Guiv `yÕRbB evsjv msMxZRMZ‡K
DRvo K‡i w`‡q †M‡Qb Zuv‡`i †kÖô Mvb¸‡jv|
weL¨vZ MvwqKv n‡jI GB `yÕR‡bi Kv‡Q Avwg
wQjvg ivgfvB| †Pv‡Li gwYi g‡Zv Avgv‡K
AvMjv‡Zb, cv‡Q Zv‡`i ivgfvB bó n‡q hvq|
G‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb _vK‡Zb †mvbvMvwQ, AciRb
iƒ‡cvMvwQ| A™¢yZ e¨vcvi Avwg evgy‡bi †Q‡j e‡j,
Avgv‡K cÖYvg Ki‡ZI wØav K‡ibwb| Kx j¾v, Kx
j¾v, Avwg AvOziw`‡K e‡jwQjvg, Ôw`w` gvby‡li
g‡a¨B GZ fvM K‡ib †Kb?Õ AvOziw` e‡jwQ‡jb,
ÔPzc K‡i e‡m _v‡Kv †Zv †LvKv, †ewk cvKv‡gv
K‡iv bv, Avgiv †Zv †Zvgv‡`i g‡Zv DuPy Rv‡Zi
bB, AZ wKQz eywSI bv| Mvb fv‡jv jv‡M MvB,
mwZ¨B wK GB wekvj mgy‡`ª Wze w`‡Z †c‡iwQ...|Õ
KZ fv‡jv fv‡jv K_v †h wZwb ej‡Zb Zv ej‡Z
cvie bv| Z‡e `yÕRbB Avgv‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb,
hv‡K Zv‡K N‡i XzK‡ZB w`‡Zb bv| wKš‘ Avgvi
Rb¨ †Kv‡bv evavwb‡la wQj bv|
ivgKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq
36 AvM÷ 2019
bv‡g AwfwnZ Kwi‡jI Kwi‡Z cviv hvq|Õ
GB e³‡e¨i m‡½ wKwÂr wØgZ K‡i ejv hvq, wZwb evDj-
fvwUqvwji ¯Íi web¨vm K‡ibwb| GB avivi g‡a¨ hvÎvi we‡e‡Ki MvbI
m¤ú„³| `yM©v`vmevey †h KvRwU †i‡L †M‡Qb †mwU wbtm‡›`‡n Ag~j¨
m¤ú`| AvR‡Ki KjKvZv Avi cyi‡bv KjKvZvi g‡a¨ dvivK A‡bK|
†hgb Mv‡b †Zgwb mvgvwRK Ae¯’vq Ges Rxeb-hvc‡b| Gwb‡q
A‡bKiKg gRvi Mí i‡q‡Q|
KjKvZv kni| Ômviv kni Ry‡o wQj mey‡Ri †gjv| †h w`‡K
ZvKvI meyR, meyR Avi meyR| Dˇi ZvKvIÑ †m›Uªvj A¨vwfwbD
Ry‡o wQj eo eo MvQ, `wÿ‡Y gq`vb †Zv meyR cix †m‡R memgqB
wdUdvU _vKZ|
GB kn‡ii mviv eyK Ry‡o jvjgy‡Lv †Mviv mv‡ne‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv
wQj| wdUb Mvwo †P‡c mv‡ne ei, †gg eD M‡oi gv‡V nvIqv †L‡Z
†hZ|... KjKvZvi DËi w`KUvB ZLb wQj KjKvZv| †QvU‡ejvq
ïbZvg ag©Zjvi Iav‡i wekvj R½j Av‡Q| Avi Zv‡Z evNI †`Lv
hvq fvM¨ cÖmbœ n‡j| KvjxNvU ZLb wQj bvMv‡ji evB‡i|... ZLb
kni ay‡Z Avm‡e K‡cv©‡ikb †_‡K, LULU LUvLU k‡ã wbwg‡l fwi‡q
†`‡e Pviavi| Avgvi †QvU eq‡m †`‡LwQ GB kn‡ii eo eo iv¯Ív
GgbKx Awj‡Z Mwj‡Z Qwo‡q Av‡Q PvcKj (nvB‡Wªb)| PvcK‡ji gyL
Bs‡iwR wU-Gi g‡Zv GK hš¿ w`‡q LyjZ Avi eÜ nZ| IB nvB‡Wª‡bi
gy‡L j¤^v j¤^v cvBc jvwM‡q A™¢zZ Kvq`vq iv¯Ív †avqv nZ| GB iv¯Ív
hviv ayZ, Zviv †ewkifvMB Iwokv †_‡K AvmZ| Avgiv ejZvg D‡oi
Rj|... AvR‡Ki w`‡b Ggb NUbvi K_v fvevB hvq bv|Õ
kni KjKvZvq Uªvg Pjv ïiæ nq 1873 mv‡j| Av‡g©wbqv NvU
†_‡K wkqvj`n ch©šÍ| cÖ_gw`‡K †Nvov Uvbv Uªvg e¨envi nZ| c‡i
wKQzw`b w÷g BwÄb w`‡q PvwjZ nq| Gici 1902 mv‡j ˆe`y¨wZKiY
ïiæ nq| GLbI Gfv‡eB Uªvg cwi‡lev mviv KjKvZv Ry‡o Pvjy
i‡q‡Q|
ÔKjKvZvi `yB evBwR GKmgq LyeB bvg K‡iwQ‡jb| Gu‡`i
bvg gvjKvRvb I MIniRvb| GB `yB evBwR gv I †g‡q| gv wQ‡jb
AmvaviY my›`ix| Bwb wQ‡jb GK Av‡g©wbqvb gwnjv c‡i gymjgvb ag©
MÖnY K‡ib| nvq`ªvev` wbRv‡gi c¨v‡j‡m wZwb `xN©w`b AvwkÖZ wQ‡jb|
D`y©, wnw›` I dviwm GB wZb fvlvq †Pv¯Í wQ‡jb gvjKvRvb, Gi m‡½
wQ‡jb bvP Mv‡b AZxe `ÿ| gvjKvRv‡bi MjvI wQj Lye wgwó! eû ¸‡Y
¸Yvwš^Zv wQ‡jb GB gwnjv| wZwb GZUvB RbwcÖq wQ‡jb †h A‡b‡K
÷¨vUvm wm¤^‡ji Rb¨I Zuvi Qwe N‡i UvwO‡q ivL‡Zb| MRj, Vzswi,
†nvwj ev `v`ivi Mvb wZwb cÖPzi ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi Mv‡bi L¨vwZ
¯^qs KjKvZvi Mfb©i nvD‡mI †cŠu‡Q wM‡qwQj| GB gvjKvRv‡bi
Mv‡bi †iKW© wQj, evOjv Mv‡bi †iKW©I wZwb evi K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e
Zuvi †g‡q MIniRv‡bi evsjv Mvb evOvwj mgv‡R we‡klZ evey‡`i
A›`ign‡ji †ewk RbwcÖq wQj|Õ
†mBm‡½ `yB wKse`šÍxZzj¨ MvwqKv m¤ú‡K© ivgKzgvieveyi
¯§„wZPviY: ÔB›`yevjv I AvOzievjv Avgvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖYg¨
e¨w³| Guiv `yÕRbB evsjv msMxZRMZ‡K DRvo K‡i w`‡q †M‡Qb
Zuv‡`i †kÖô Mvb¸‡jv| weL¨vZ MvwqKv n‡jI GB `yÕR‡bi Kv‡Q
Avwg wQjvg ivgfvB| †Pv‡Li gwYi g‡Zv Avgv‡K AvMjv‡Zb, cv‡Q
Zv‡`i ivgfvB bó n‡q hvq| G‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb _vK‡Zb †mvbvMvwQ,
AciRb iƒ‡cvMvwQ| A™¢yZ e¨vcvi Avwg evgy‡bi †Q‡j e‡j, Avgv‡K
cÖYvg Ki‡ZI wØav K‡ibwb| Kx j¾v, Kx j¾v, Avwg AvOziw`‡K
e‡jwQjvg, Ôw`w` gvby‡li g‡a¨B GZ fvM K‡ib †Kb?Õ AvOziw`
e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔPzc K‡i e‡m _v‡Kv †Zv †LvKv, †ewk cvKv‡gv K‡iv bv,
Avgiv †Zv †Zvgv‡`i g‡Zv DuPy Rv‡Zi bB, AZ wKQz eywSI bv| Mvb
fv‡jv jv‡M MvB, mwZ¨B wK GB wekvj mgy‡`ª Wze w`‡Z †c‡iwQ...|Õ
KZ fv‡jv fv‡jv K_v †h wZwb ej‡Zb Zv ej‡Z cvie bv| Z‡e
`yÕRbB Avgv‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zb, hv‡K Zv‡K N‡i XzK‡ZB w`‡Zb
bv| wKš‘ Avgvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv evavwb‡la wQj bv| hLb Lywk wM‡qwQ,
cÖ‡qvR‡b NÈvi ci NÈv Zvwjg K‡iwQ, AvOzjevjvw` wKQzB ej‡Zb
bv|
ÔAvwg Gu‡`i bvg ï‡bwQjvg LyeB| †QvU
eq‡m bvbv wb‡l‡ai †eovRv‡j Avgvi GB
`yB w`w`i Kv‡Q Avgv‡K †h‡Z †`Iqv nqwb|
ZvB Avgvi mv‡_ hLb AvOziw`i mL¨ M‡o
I‡V ZLb wZwb evsjv msMxZRM‡Zi GKRb
cÖwm× msMxZwkíx, ïay ZvB-B bq, ZLb
Zvi †iKW© GK‡PwUqvfv‡e evRv‡i KvU‡Q|
AvOzievjvw`i bRiæjMxwZi me‡P‡q eo
†kÖvZv wQ‡jb KvRx`v, KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg|
KvRx`v Zuv‡K w`‡q GKwU wm‡bgv‡Z AwfbqI
Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| AvOziw` wQ‡jb big g‡bi,
wgwófvwlYx, Lye D”P¯^‡i K_v ej‡Zb bv|
ÔB›`yw` wKš‘ Av`‡cB Zv bb| B›`yw`i
RxebUv Aek¨ AviI ˆewPΨc~Y© wQj| B›`yw`i
VvKzi`v wQ‡jb Kwe gb‡gvnb emy| evev
wQ‡jb gwZjvj emy| gwZjvj emyi wQj Ô†MÖU
†e½j mvK©vmÕ| †mLv‡b gv ivRevjv bvbv
ai‡bi †Ljv †`Lv‡Zb| ivRevjv B›`yevjv‡K
Zuvi ˆZwi ÔivgevMvb wd‡gj Kvjx w_‡qUv‡iÕ
Awfbq Kivb| evev gviv hvIqv‡Z mvK©vm
`jI D‡V hvq| ZLb wZwb msMxZ, bvUK
cÖf…wZ ïiæ K‡ib| wkwki fv`ywoi m‡½I wZwb
Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb cÖPzi fvlv Rvb‡Zb
e‡j Zvwgj, †Z‡j¸, D`©y Qwe‡ZI Awfbq
K‡iwQ‡jb|
ÔB›`yw`i `vcy‡U Mjvi Rb¨ eû
ivR-ivRov Zuv‡K wb‡q †h‡Zb| gnxk~i
ivRevwo‡Z eûw`b euvav MvwqKv wnmv‡e
wQ‡jb| B›`yw`I Avgv‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb| wZwb
†Zv ¯úóB ej‡Zb, Avgvi Kv‡Q hLb Mvb
evRbv cÖ¨vKwUm Ki‡Z Avm‡e ZLb mKvj
mKvj Avm‡e Avi `ycy‡i P‡j hv‡e| †Kv‡bv
m‡Ü¨‡ejvq †hb GB cvovq bv †`wL|Õ B›`yw`
wbqwgZ Wv‡qwi wjL‡Zb| Zuvi Wv‡qwi¸wj
†Kv_vq Av‡Q Rvwb bv, Z‡e cÖPzi Z_¨ wbðqB
_vK‡e| GB wewPÎgqx bvixi Rxeb wQj ZvB
mv`vgvUvI|
ÔB›`yevjv wQ‡jb mvsNvwZK Ruv`‡ij
MvwqKv, Kx Mjvq, Kx †gRv‡R| GKevi Zvi
Abyôv‡b Avgvi evRv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wQj| Avwg
h_vixwZ Iu‡K Av‡M GwM‡q w`‡q wcQ‡b Zejv
wb‡q emjvg| Dwb Lye wei³ n‡jb, ej‡jb,
wcQ‡b †Kb? mvg‡b G‡m e‡mv| B›`yevjvi
m‡½ AvwgI GKB cO&w³‡Z e‡m msMxZ Kivi
AwaKvi AR©b Kijvg| NUbvUv Avgvi g‡b
GZUvB `vM †K‡U wM‡qwQj, GZ eQi c‡iI
†mUv GLbI fzwjwb|
Ô1835 mv‡j mvaviY i½vj‡q bexbP›`ª
emyi Ôwe`¨vmy›`iÕ bvUK AwfbxZ nj| GwUB
evOvwji cÖ_g cy‡ivcywi evsjv Awfbq| 1872
mv‡j mvaviY i½vjq cÖwZôvi ci hLb wUwKU
wewµ K‡i bvUK †`Lv‡bv Avi¤¢ nj, ZLb
†_‡KB bvU‡Ki Mv‡bi GKiKg e¨emvwqK
g~j¨ `uvwo‡qwQj| ÔMvb Qvov bvUK `k©K‡`i
cQ›` wQj bv| †mRb¨ mvaviY i½vj‡qi
bvU‡K hZ bv bvU‡Ki cÖ‡qvR‡b, Zvi †P‡q
†ewk `k©K AvKl©‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b MxZ ms‡hvRb
Kiv n‡Zv|... KjKvZvq huviv wUwKU †K‡U
bvUK †`L‡Z †h‡Zb †m mgq Zuviv wQ‡jb
GwjU mgv‡Ri mxwgZmsL¨K gvbyl| bvU‡Ki
Mv‡b Zuviv we‡bv`‡bi DcKiY LyuR‡Zb, wKš‘
†mRb¨ e„nr e¨emvi wfwˇZ Mvb‡K `uvo
Kivevi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv|Ó
†m mgqKvi bvU‡Ki A‡bK MíI gayi|
ÔAwfb‡qi w`b †gK-Avc ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q|
iex›`ªbv_ ZLbI G‡m †cuŠQbwb| Awf‡bZv‡`i
mK‡ji †c›U †kl nevi Av‡M †c›U-w÷K
†Mj dzwi‡qÑ myaxićbi gy‡Li AvaLvbv
†c›U Kiv ZL‡bv evwK|... b„‡c›`ª I mykxj
`v`v‡`i Av‡`k †c‡q QzU‡jb iex›`ªbv‡_i
Kv‡Q|... wZwb ZLb †`njxevwo‡Z|...
evwoi Mvwoeviv›`vq Nyi‡Qb Avcbg‡b, Mvb
MvB‡Qb ÔGKwU bg¯‹v‡i cÖfz GKwU bg¯‹v‡iÕ|
†Q‡j‡`i w`‡K †PvL co‡ZB Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb
Kx PvB Zv‡`i| b„‡c›`ª ej‡jb, Ô¸iæ‡`e, Avi
GKUv w÷K-†c›U PvB| myax`vi gy‡Li GKw`K
GL‡bv †c›U n‡Z evwK Av‡Q|Õ iex›`ªbv_ fve
†`Lv‡jb †hb wZwb †i‡M †M‡Qb †eRvq| SuvS
wb‡q ej‡jb, Ômyax Kx †ggmv‡ne mvR‡Z
Pvq? hv Zv‡K Puv` n‡q Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡M
hvÕ| G K_vi A_© bv ey‡S nuv K‡i `uvwo‡q
iB‡jb `yÕR‡b| iex›`ªbv_ ZLb †Lvjkv K‡i
ej‡jb, Ôgy‡Li †h w`KUv †c›U Kiv †mB
w`KUv `k©K‡`i w`‡K wdwi‡q I‡K Awfbq
Ki‡Z ej‡M hv|Õ Aek¨ †mB m‡½ Avjgvwi
†_‡K †c‡›Ui GKUv w÷K evi K‡iI w`‡jb|
iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †m iv‡Z Awfbq bvwK
Lye R‡gwQj|Õ
KjKvZv kn‡ii Mv‡bi MíI Kg
gayi wQj bv| Avgiv Rvwb Kxfv‡e KweiÄb
ivgcÖmv` †mb wnmv‡ei LvZvq gvZ…msMxZ
iPbv K‡i hk¯^x n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| Rvwb
†Mvcvj D‡o Kxfv‡e bvU¨msMx‡Z weL¨vZ
n‡q D‡VwQ‡jbÑ bvbviKg Mv‡bi Mí hÎZÎ
Qov‡bv| ZviciI GKUv M‡íi D‡jøL Kwi|
ÔGKevi KjKvZvq Kwe hZx›`ª‡gvnb
evMPxi Avicywj †j‡bi evwo‡Z †QvULv‡Uv
GKwU Mv‡bi Avm‡ii Awa‡ekb| MvqK‡`i
g‡a¨ AvwgI (bwjbxKvšÍ miKvi) GKRb
wQjvg| †kÖvZvivI mK‡jB L¨vZbvgv
mvwnwZ¨K| MxZKwe AZzjcÖmv` †mb gnvkq
GB AvmiwU‡Z Dcw¯’Z| wZwbI Zuvi iwPZ
Ôwg‡Q ZzB fvwem gbÕ MvbwU GB Avm‡i
†M‡qwQ‡jb| G‡K G‡K K‡qKR‡bi Mvb
n‡q hvevi ci Gj Avgvi cvjv| Avwg
nvi‡gvwbqgwU †Kv‡ji Ici Zz‡j wb‡q
MvBevi D‡`¨vM Ki‡Z hZxb`v digv‡qm K‡i
em‡jb, ÔZzwg fvB Av‡M AZzjeveyi Mv‡bi
c¨v‡ivwWwU MvI †`wL?Õ
AZzjcÖmv` Pg‡K D‡V ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi
Mv‡bi c¨v‡ivwW? †Kvb& Mv‡bi?
Avwg ejjvg, ÔAvcbvi Av-gwi evsjv
fvlv MvbwUi|
Ô†K c¨v‡ivwW Ki‡j?Õ
Avwg `v`vVvKz‡ii (kir cwÐZ) bvg
Kijvg| AZzj`v AvMÖnf‡i MvbwU ïb‡Z
PvB‡jb| †Kej ïb‡Z PvIqvB bqÑ cÖ_g
AšÍiv †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ wZwb cÖwZ AšÍivq
D”Q¡wmZ nvwm †n‡m `v`vVvKz‡ii c¨v‡ivwW-
iPbvi K…wZ‡Z¡i cÖwZ Awfb›`b Ávcb
Ki‡jb| Mvb †kl n‡j `v`vVvKz‡ii cwiPq
wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| mswÿß cwiPq w`‡q Avwg
`v`vVvKz‡ii K‡qKwU Mvb MvBjvg| AZzjcÖmv`
¯^fveZB Avb›`gq I gRwjwk †jvK wQ‡jb|
`v`vVvKz‡ii Mvb¸wji im wZwb †hb cig
Z…wßf‡i cvb K‡iwQ‡jb|
Ô†gv‡`i Mie †gv‡`i Avkv
Av-gwi evsjv fvlv|
†Zvgvi †Kv‡j †Zvgvi †ev‡j
KZB kvwšÍ fvjevmv \
bq †Zv †gv‡`i G Ávb †h †mÑ
M½v Wzwej M¨v‡Ä‡m
BÛm Gj wmÜz‡`‡k
wfqvm n‡q‡Q wecvkv \
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evsjv G‡bwQ †e½‡j
KwjKvZvq Kvj KvwU‡q
K¨vjKvUvq †eu‡awQ evmv \
evwR‡q exYv b~Zb Zv‡b
ea©gvb AvR ev‡Z©vqv‡b
nvq PuPzovi A`„‡ó n‡jv
wPbmyivÕi myiv‡Z fvlv \
†f‡ewQ‡j †KD wK K‡eÑ
†g‡`bxcyi wgW‡bvcyi n‡e,
Kuvw_i gv_vq jvw_ †g‡i
K›UvB-G Ki‡e †KvY-Vvmv \
wU‡civ AvR wÎcyiv‡Z
AvDa Gj A‡hva¨v‡Z,
AvR ivgP›`ª _vwK‡j Zv‡Z
Ôi¨vg&Õ e‡b †`L‡Zv Zvgvkv!
wbDwj eY© me †Zvgvi PvBì
Avb&‡j †Rvjv, e¨vjRvK, A¯‹vi IqvBì
w`‡j wWbvi †Uej& c¨v‡j‡Uej&
†ibì Avi wM †` †gvcvmuv|
H evrm¨vq‡bi ermM‡Y
Avb‡j ïf Avgš¿‡Y
d«‡qW& n¨vf&jK Gwjm K‡i †iwjk
KZB KuvPv AvR‡K Wuvkv \
H fvlv‡Z cÖ_g gwR
wjLby KZB mvB‡KvjwR,
GLb `šÍwenxb AšÍKv‡j
†e`v‡šÍ wgUvB wZqvmv \Ó
†mB cyivZb hy‡Mi bvbviKg Mvb wb‡q
G Av‡jvPbvi gyL¨ welq hy‡Mi cwieZ©‡b †hb
BwZnvm we¯§„Z bv nq| Kv‡ji GwM‡q hvevi
c‡_ cyi‡bv HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K gv_vq †i‡L
Pjv| kZel© Av‡M nvwi‡q hvIqv Avgv‡`i
msMxZgq HwZn¨‡K AvMvgx cÖRb¥ RvbyK ev
Zvi ¯^iƒc Rvb‡Z AbymÜvbx n‡q DVzK|
wek¦wRr ivq cÖvewÜK
AvM÷ 2019 37
cÖeÜ c¨vixPuv` wgÎ: wd‡i †`Lv
wek¦wRr †Nvl
Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg †kÖô †jLK c¨vixPuv` wgÎ (1814-Õ83)|
c¨vixPuv`‡K Avwg ¯ªóv Ges Kg©‡hvMx gvbyl wn‡m‡eB †`L‡Z fvjevwm| R‡b¥i ci
`y‡kv eQi AwZµvšÍ, g„Zz¨i ciI Avgiv †cwi‡q G‡mwQ GK‡kv ewÎk eQiÑ Zey
evsjvfvlx gvby‡li Kv‡Q GLbI wZwb GK ¯§iYxq bvg| fvlvwe‡`ªvnx, mgvRwbô
K_vKvi, gvbeDbœqb msMVK, mvsevw`K, Aa¨vZ¥wPšÍKÑ KZfv‡eB †Zv Zuv‡K
¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi Avgiv| w`¦kZ Rb¥e‡l©i G ïfv_©x gyn~‡Z© `uvwo‡q c¨vixPuv‡`i
Kg© I mvwnZ¨mvabv wePvi Ki‡Z em‡j, Zuv‡K Abvqv‡mB Db¥w_Z Dwbk kZ‡Ki
Ab¨Zg †kÖô Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl wn‡m‡e kbv³ Kiv hv‡e|
ivg‡gvnb ivq, Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Avi ÔCqs‡e½jÕ‡`i mgKv‡j evsjv‡`‡k
Avwef©~Z n‡qwQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| Zuvi mgq †K‡U‡Q ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq
Avi gvB‡Kj gaym~ab `‡Ëi mvwnwZ¨K mvnP‡h©| c¨vixPuv` wgÎ Ggb GK
mg‡q Avwef©~Z n‡qwQ‡jb hLb cÖMwZkxj wPšÍv, D`vi gvbeZvev`x `k©b, eªvþ
ag©v‡›`vjb Ges bvw¯ÍKZvi cvkvcvwk iÿYkxj wn›`ymgv‡Ri `vcU,

38 AvM÷ 2019
mvgvwRK Am½wZ I mbvZb g~j¨‡PZbvi hyMj‡¯ªv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki
mgvR wQj MwZPÂj, Ø›ØÿZ Ges Avmbœ cwieZ©bgyLx| wn›`y
K‡j‡R wW‡ivwRIi QvÎ wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`Ñ d‡j Zuvi gvbm‡jv‡K
D`vi gvbeZvev`x †PZbv I gy³ Rxeb`„wói exR A¼zwiZ n‡qwQj
cÖ_g †hŠe‡bB| wfwfqvb wW‡ivwRI Ges †WwfW †nqv‡ii m‡½ wZwb
KvR K‡i‡Qb, mnKg©x wQ‡jb Dwbk kZ‡Ki Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl ivgZby
jvwnoxi| e¯‘Z, Dwbk kZ‡Ki Ômxgve× beRvMi‡YiÕ m`_©K me
¸YB wµqkxj wQj c¨vixPuv‡`i gvbm‡jv‡K|
wkÿv, mgvR I e¨emv-msµvšÍ bvbv cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb
c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| 1836 mv‡j wn›`y K‡j‡Ri cvV mgvß K‡i K¨vjKvUv
cvewjK jvB‡eªwi‡Z mve-jvB‡eªwiqvb c‡` †hvM †`b c¨vixPuv`|
1839 mvj †_‡K PvKwii cvkvcvwk e¨emvi w`‡K Suy‡K c‡ob| e¯‘Z,
we`¨v I we‡Ëi mvabvi GK D¾¡j D`vniY c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| K¨vjKvUv
cvewjK jvB‡eªwi‡Z Kg©wbôvi Rb¨ wZwb jvf K‡ib AvRxeb wKD‡iUi
I KvDwÝj‡ii c`; Ab¨w`‡K Avg`vwb- idZvwb evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ wZwb
cÖwZôv K‡ib D‡jøL‡hvM¨ A‡bK e¨emvqx-cÖwZôvb| ÔKvjvPuv` †kV
GÛ †Kv¤úvwbÕ‡Z Avg`vwb-idZvwbi KvR K‡ib c¨vixPuv`, †Q‡j‡`i
wb‡q cÖwZôv K‡ib Ôc¨vixPuv` wgÎ GÛ mÝÕ bv‡gi †Kv¤úvwb| ¯^vaxb
evwY‡R¨ Zuvi wmw× ixwZgZ we¯§qKi| Ô†MÖU B÷vb© †nv‡Uj †Kv. wj.Õ,
Ô†cvU© K¨vwbs j¨vÛ Bb‡f÷‡g›U †Kv¤úvwbÕ, ÔnvIov WwKs †K¤úvwb
wjwg‡UWÕÑ Gme we‡`wk †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib c¨vixPuv`| Ô†e½j wU †Kv¤úvwbÕ, ÔWviv wU †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UWÕÑ
Gme ms¯’viI cwiPvjK wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`|
Dwbk kZ‡K KjKvZvi Av‡jvwKZ mgv‡R c¨vixPuv` wQ‡jb
MwZkxj GK gvbyl| bvbv Kg© I Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ Zuvi wQj cÖZ¨ÿ
ms‡hvM| 1838 mv‡j KjKvZvq cÖwZwôZ nq Ôw` †mvmvBwU di w`
GKzBwRkb Ad †Rbv‡ij b‡jRÕ bv‡gi ÁvbPP©vi e¨wZµgx GK
cÖwZôvb| c¨vixPuv` wgÎ I ivgZby jvwnox GB cÖwZôv‡bi hyM¥-m¤úv`K
wbe©vwPZ nb| Ôw` †e½j weªwUk BwÛqv †mvmvBwUÕi (1843) A‰eZwbK
m¤úv`K wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`| Ôw` weªwUk BwÛqvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkbÕ
(1851), ÔweUb †mvmvBwUÕ (1851), Ôw` K¨vjKvUv †mvmvBwU di
w` wcÖ‡fb&kb Ad µz‡qwë Uz Gwbg¨vjmÕ (1851) BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv‡bi
m‡½ Mfxifv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| 1867 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ
Ôw` †e½j †mvk¨vj mv‡qÝ G‡mvwm‡qkb-Gi hyM¥-m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib c¨vixPuv`| 1820 mv‡j †Kix-cÖwZwôZ
ÔGwMÖKvjPvi GÛ nwU©KvjPvi †mvmvBwU Ad BwÛqvÕ-i m`m¨ wQ‡jb
c¨vixPuv`| m`m¨ wn‡m‡e G mgq †mvmvBwUi Rvb©v‡j c¨vixPuv` K…wl-
wel‡q A‡bK cÖeÜ †j‡Lb| c¨vixPuv`-iwPZ K…wl-welqK †gŠwjK I
Ab~w`Z iPbvmg~n fviZe‡l© K…wl-wkÿvi BwZnv‡m D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb
wn‡m‡e DËiKv‡j ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q|
1860 mv‡j ¯¿x evgvKvjxi g„Zz¨i ci c¨viPuv` †cÖZZË¡ Z_v
w_Imwdi cÖwZ cÖejfv‡e AvK…ó n‡q c‡ob| cÖm½Z ¯§iY Kiv hvq
c¨vixPuv‡`i GB fvl¨: ÔI become a theisist or a Brahma… In
1860, I lost my wife, which convulsed me much. I took
to the study of spiritualism which, I confess, I would
not have thought of otherwise nor relished it’s charms’
(Peary Chand, 1881: 9)| wZwb mggbv‡`i wb‡q cÖwZôv K‡ib
fviZxq w_ImwdK¨vj †mvmvBwU| †`wk-we‡`wk eû w_ImwdK¨vj
ms¯’vi m‡½ c¨vixPuv‡`i wQj Mfxi m¤úK©| 1860-DËi Zuvi mKj
iPbv‡ZB w_Imwdi cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq|
`yB.
c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi Kg©Rxeb †hgb ˆewPΨgyLx, †ZgbB Zuvi mvwnZ¨RxebI
PgrKvwiZ¡ Avi we‡`ªv‡n F×| mvwnZ¨K‡g©i Rb¨B DËiKv‡ji evOvwji
Kv‡Q wZwb mgwaK cwiwPZ| †UKPuv` VvKz‡ii QÙvei‡Y c¨vixPuv` wgÎ
mvwnZ¨‡ÿ‡Î †h mvnm I †`ªv‡ni cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb, DËiKvjxb evOvwj
AvRI Kx Zv h_v_©fv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Q? mvwn‡Z¨i welq
I fvlv, fvem¤ú` I cÖKiY¯^vZš¿¨Ñ Dfq `„wó‡Kv‡YB c¨vixPuv‡`i
†`ªvn g~j¨vqb wKsev cybg©~j¨vq‡bi `vwe iv‡L|
GK_v †jLvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi mvwnwZ¨K
L¨vwZi cÖavb Drm n‡”Q Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj (1858)| wZwb
wj‡L‡Qb AviI m‡ZiwU MÖš’, wKš‘ GB GKwU eB-B evOvwji Kv‡Q
Zuv‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i †i‡L‡Q| bvbvgvwÎK weZK© _vK‡jI, Avjv‡ji
N‡ii `yjvj‡KB ejv nq evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g Dcb¨vm| evsjv
Dcb¨vmmvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb me mgv‡jvPKB Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj‡K, me
mxgve×Zv Avg‡j wb‡qB, evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm e‡j ¯^xK…wZ
w`‡q‡Qb| cÖm½Z n¨vbv K¨v_vwib gy¨‡jÝ iwPZ KiæYv I dzjgwYi
weeiY (1852) MÖ‡š’i K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| GKvwaK mgv‡jvPK
G MÖš’wU‡K evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g Dcb¨vm e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb|
wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi †KvbI kZ©B c~iY K‡i bv KiæYv I dzjgwYi weeiYÑ
GwU GKvšÍB wLª÷a‡g©i gvnvZ¥¨-cÖPviK GKwU iPbv gvÎ| G cÖm‡½
¯§iY‡hvM¨ m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi gšÍe¨:
... Jcb¨vwm‡Ki gvbm`„wó, we¯Í…Z Rxebc‡U AwfÁZvi web¨vm I
Dcb¨v‡mvwPZ mgm¨vÑ GKwU Dcb¨v‡mi GB cÖavb wÎ-k‡Z©i
GKwUI G cy¯Í‡K [KiæYv I dzjgwYi weeiY] iwÿZ nqwb|...
ÔdzjgwY I KiæYvÕq Pwi‡Îi †KvbI evjvB †bB| bxwZ-cÖPvi‡Ki
mygwZ KzgwZi M‡íi gZ G M‡í †jwLKvi D‡Ïk¨‡cvlKfv‡e
†h †KvbI NUbv †h-†KvbIfv‡e N‡U| gvby‡li g„Zz¨`„k¨I G
Dcb¨v‡m gvby‡li g„Zz¨`„k¨ bv n‡q wLª÷v‡bi g„Zz¨`„k¨ n‡q
D‡V‡Q| (m‡ivR, 2003: 57)|
Dcb¨vm n‡q-IVvi mgy`q kZ©B c~iY K‡i‡Q Avjv‡ji
N‡ii `yjvj| Dcb¨v‡mvwPZ mgm¨v, †`kR RxebcU, gvbyl I
cÖK…wZi AvšÍtm¤úK©, i³gvsmgq PwiÎ, ¯^Kxq fvlv Ges †jL‡Ki
Rxeb`„wóÑ Dcb¨v‡mi Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i meUvB cvIqv hv‡e Avjv‡ji
N‡ii `yjvj- G| G Dcb¨v‡mi wkí¸Y e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q kÖxKzgvi
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wj‡L‡Qb: ÔAvjvj-Gi cÖwZ‡ek... cyY©v½ I Z_¨eûj,
Rxe‡bi bvbvgyLxbZv‡K Aej¤^b Kwiqv iwPZ| Bnv‡Z †Kej
iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui Kg©e¨¯ÍZv I mRxe PvÂj¨ bvB, Av‡Q cvwievwiK
Rxe‡bi kvšÍ I `„pg~j †Kw›`ªKZv, AvBb-Av`vj‡Zi †KŠZ~njc~Y©
Kvh©-cÖYvjx, becÖwZwôZ Bs‡iRkvm‡bi †h myKwíZ ewne©¨e¯’v ax‡i
ax‡i e¨w³Rxe‡bi MwZQ›`‡K wbqš¿Y Kwiqv Avwm‡Z‡Q, Zvnvi m¤ú~Y©
wPÎ| PwiÎv¼‡b Bnvi †kÖôZ¡ AviI mycÖKU| gvbyl †h NUbvcÖev‡n
fvmgvb LoKzUvgvÎ bq, Zvnvi e¨w³Z¡ †h b`xZi½-cÖnZ ce©‡Zi
b¨vq Kw¤úZ nB‡jI ¯’vbåó nq bvÑ Bnv‡Z PwiÎ-wP·bi GB Av`k©B
Abym„Z nBqv‡QÕ (kÖxKzgvi, 1996: 27)|
Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj Dcb¨v‡mi bvqK gwZjv‡ji AvL¨v‡b
mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi eûgvwÎK mgm¨v wkwíZv †c‡q‡Q, hv‡K Avgiv
Dcb¨v‡mvwPZ mgm¨v wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Kie| gvbeag© †_‡K wePz¨Z
n‡j gvbeRxeb †h wecbœ nq, G K_vUvB ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb c¨vixPuv`|
G mgm¨vwU Dwbk kZ‡Ki ga¨cv‡` KjKvZv-Rxeb‡K wecbœ K‡i
Zz‡jwQj| c¨vixPuv` a‡g©i gvbyl‡K LuyR‡Z Pvbwb, wZwb m¤§vb K‡i‡Qb
gvby‡li ag©‡K| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvbegq †PZbvi m‡½ G †ev‡ai
wbweo ms‡hvM Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡jB c¨vixPuv‡`i Jcb¨vwmK-mvdj¨
Avwe®‹vi Kiv m¤¢e|
Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj-G c¨vixPuv` Avgv‡`i cixi Mí †kvbvbwb,
ïwb‡q‡Qb †`kR Rxebc‡U we¯Í…Z i³-gvsmgq gvby‡li Mí| gwZjvj,
ei`v-†eYxevey, VKPvPv-VKPvPxÑ Gme PwiÎ Dwbk kZ‡Ki Ø›Øgq
mgv‡Ri K_vB Avgv‡`i ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
wj‡L‡Qb: ÔmgKv‡ji Rxeb m¤^‡Ü cÖej ¯ú„nv, Ges †mB Rxe‡bi
eû e¨Z¨‡q cÖej †e`bvq Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj-Gi Rb¥Õ (m‡ivR,
2003: 60)| Jcb¨vwm‡Ki BwZevPK Rxebv_© Ges Ôcig gvbweK
`„wófw½Õ ÔAvjvjÕ‡K, eûwea mxgve×Zv m‡Ë¡I, wkí K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
VKPvPvi KviæY¨, VKPvPxi AmnvqZv wKsev Kvkxi M½vZx‡i cÖvPxb
AvM÷ 2019 39
fviZe‡l©i Qvqvq gwZjv‡ji Av‡Z¥vcjwäÑ G mg¯ÍB Jcb¨vwm‡Ki
gvbe‡PZbvi fvwlK-cÖKvk| cÖm½Z ¯§iYxq Dcb¨v‡mi AwšÍg
evK¨wU: VKPvPx †Kv‡bv Dcvq bv †`wLqv PzoxIqvjx nBqv †fwUqvwi
Mvb ÔPzwoqv‡ji PzwoqvÕ MvB‡Z MvB‡Z Mwj Mwj wdwi‡Z jvwMj|Õ
†KvbI ai‡bi bxwZevK¨ w`‡q ÔAvjv‡jÕi mgvwß N‡Uwb, eis Abvm³
RxebcÖxwZB Gi cig e¨Äbv|
ev¯ÍeZv‡eva c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi Jcb¨vwmK-cÖwZfvi wewkó
jÿY| m‡ivR e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wj‡L‡Qb: Ôc¨vixPuv` Ebwesk kZvãxi
GKgvÎ evOvwj †jLK whwb AuvKvov ev¯Íe‡K Dcb¨v‡m Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jbÕ (m‡ivR, 2003: 61)| GwU †hgb c¨vixPuv‡`i ¸Y, †Zgwb
†`v‡liI AvKi| †Kb-bv, A‡bK ¯’‡jB ev¯Íe-eY©bv wkwíZ n‡q
I‡Vwb ÔAvjv‡jÕ, KLbI KLbI PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q UvBc, Dcb¨vm-
msMV‡b, m‡PZb cvV‡Ki †Pv‡L aiv co‡e, KLbI N‡U‡Q †K›`ªvbyM
kw³i wbqš¿YnxbZv| GZme mxgve×Zv m‡Ë¡I, ALÐ mgvR`„wó Avi
gvbegyLxbZvi Kvi‡Y c¨vixPuv‡`i Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj‡KB Avgiv
evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e kbv³ Ki‡Z PvB Ges ej‡Z PvB
GB K_vÑ Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjB cÖ_g ÔAvgv‡`iÕ Dcb¨vm| evOvwj
wn‡m‡e Avgv‡`i †MŠie GB †h, Dcwb‡ewkZ mgvR-KvVv‡gv‡Z †e‡o-
IVv c¨vixPuv` wgÎ Jcwb‡ewkK iƒcKí (Form) AMÖvn¨ K‡i wbR¯^
ixwZ‡Z Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb| Dcwb‡e‡ki wkÿvq †e‡o-IVv mgv‡jvPK
ZvB Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj Dcb¨vm g~j¨vq‡b †Zgb AvMÖn †`Lvbwb,
eªvþY¨ ms¯‹…wZi aviK-evnK‡`i Kv‡QI c¨vixPuv` wgÎ cvbwb †Zgb
cvËv| A_P, †hgb e‡j‡Qb ew¼gP›`ª, ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjB
Avgv‡`i RvZxq mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` m„wóÕ (ew¼gP›`ª, 1390: 863)|
m~Pbvm~‡ÎB e¨³ n‡q‡Q †h, 1860 mv‡j ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci
c¨vixPuv‡`i gvbm‡jv‡K µgk cÖej n‡q I‡V Ava¨vZ¥‡PZbv †cÖZÁvb|
Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj Dcb¨v‡m †h mgvRwbóv I gvbe‡PZbvi cwiPq
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj, 1860-DËi c¨vixPuv‡`i iPbvq Zv AewmZ nj;
cÿvšÍ‡i †mLv‡b cÖavb n‡q DVj Ava¨vZ¥‡PZbv, civRvMwZK‡eva
Ges †cÖZ-ZvwË¡K Ávb| c¨vixPuv‡`i GB gvbm-iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖwZdjb
N‡U‡Q MxZv¼zi (1871), hrwKwÂr (1865), A‡f`x (1871),
Ava¨vwZ¥Kv (1881)Ñ Gme iPbvq| cÖm½Z Avgiv ¯§iY Kie
1859 mv‡j cÖZKvwkZ c¨vixPuv‡`i mgvR I mgKvjwbô Ab¨
GKwU iPbvi K_v| g` LvIqv eo `vq, RvZ _vKvi wK Dcvq? MÖ‡š’
c¨vixPuv` mgKvjxb mgvRRxeb‡K †hfv‡e ai‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, GK
eQ‡ii e¨eav‡b Zvi †h iƒcvšÍi NUj, Zv fve‡j wew¯§Z n‡Z nq|
mgKvjxb mgvR-msMV‡bB wQj GB cðvrgyLx iƒcvšÍ‡ii Uvb| ivgZby
jvwnox, ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq, ivRbvivqY emyÑ Kvi g‡a¨ wQj bv GB
iƒcvšÍ‡ii evmbv? Dcwb‡e‡ki AvkÖ‡q-cÖkÖ‡q M‡o-IVv Dwbk kZKx
be-RvMi‡Yi GB mxgve×ZvB Kx c¨vixPuv‡`i gvbm iƒcvšÍ‡ii †gŠj
KviY? me mgv‡jvPKB c¨vixPuv‡`i ¯¿x-we‡qvMRwbZ †e`bvi K_v
e‡j‡Qb| Avgv‡`i g‡b nq, evgvKvjxi g„Zz¨ AvcvZ KviY n‡jI,
†gŠj KviY wµqvkxj wQj ÔwfwLwii gv_vq Rwo-RniZ †`Iqv cvMwoi
g‡ZvÕ wK¤¢~ZwKgvKvi mgvR-msMV‡b| mgvR-msMV‡bi cðvrMwZ
c¨vixPuv‡`i Rxeb-†PZbv‡K wØavwš^Z K‡iwQj Ges GB wØav I
؇›Øi d‡jB c¨vixPuv‡`i mgvRgq ev¯ÍeZv iƒcvšÍwiZ nj Aa¨vZ¥-
cigv_©‡PZbvq|
D”Pv½ msMxZmvabvi ga¨ w`‡q Aa¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb wQj c¨vixPuv‡`i
cig Awfó (gwbiæ¾vgvb, 1968: 20)| MxZv¼zi-Gi A‡bK Mv‡bB
BnRvMwZKZv-AwZµvšÍ AvwZ¥K Kj¨vY I Aa¨vZ¥‡PZbv cwiùzU
n‡q‡Q (exYvcvwY, 1993: 113)| hrwKwÂr, A‡f`x I Ava¨vwZ¥Kv
iPbvÎq Aa¨vZ¥‡PZbv I Ck¦iÁv‡b gyLiÑ Gme iPbvq c¨vixPuv`
Mfxi w_Imwd‡Z wb‡R‡K wbgMœ K‡i‡Qb| Rxeb‡PZbvq iƒcvšÍi
m‡Ë¡I c¨vixPuv‡`i Gme iPbvi i‡q‡Q wfbœ GK Zvrch©| mbvZb
fviZxq ms¯‹…wZi K_v Av‡Q Gme iPbvq, Dcwb‡e‡ki ms¯‹…wZ I
a‡g©i wecÖZx‡c c¨vixPuv‡`i GB Ae¯’vb Zuvi †`ªvnxg‡bi wfbœ GK
cÖKvk wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq wK? Jcwb‡ewkK ms¯‹…wZ‡Z hyM¥-
40 AvM÷ 2019
ˆecix‡Z¨i (Binary- opposition) aviYvq cÖv‡P¨i mewKQz LvivcÑ
Jcwb‡ewkK ms¯‹…wZi weiæ‡× Gfv‡eB wK c¨vixPuv` GKUv k³ Ae¯’vb
MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? cÖm½Z ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi kÖxKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi
GB `~imÂvix Bw½Z:
c¨vixPuv‡`i iƒcK ev Ava¨vwZ¥K Dcb¨vm evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GKK
I AwØZxqÑ †Kvb cieZ©x Jcb¨vwmK Zuvnvi avivi AbyeZ©b
K‡ib bvB| Zuvnvi g‡bvfve hy‡MvwPZ cÖMwZkxjZv I mycÖvPxb
fviZxq ms¯‹…wZwbôZvi GK Avðh© mgš^q|
(kÖxKzgvi, 1996: 29)
Ñ n¨vbv K¨v_vwib †h wLª÷ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb,
c¨vixPuv‡`i cÖqvm Kx Zvi weiæ‡× GK cÖwZev`Ñ Ggb K_v Kx fvev
hvq?
wZb.
Dwbk kZ‡Ki Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| wZwb wQ‡jb
wW‡ivwRIi QvÎ, wQ‡jb ivgZby jvwnoxi mnKg©x| Dwbk kZKx
Ômxgve×Õ beRvMi‡Yi A‡bK ¸YB c¨vixPuv‡`i gvbmMV‡b cÖZ¨ÿ
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| cÖm½Z mv_©K I BwZevPK bvixfvebvi K_v
GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| c¨vixPuv` wgÎ cÖvK…wZK ˆjw½K
`„wó‡Kv‡Y bvix‡K we‡ePbv K‡ibwb, eis Zuvi †PZbvq DuwK w`‡qwQj
mvgvwRK †RÛvi `„wó‡Kv‡Y bvix‡K g~j¨vq‡bi mw`”Qv| bvix-Dbœq‡bi
AvKv•ÿv wb‡qB wZwb cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb gvwmK cwÎKv (1854)|
cwÎKvi cÖwZ msL¨vi m~Pbv‡ZB †jLv _vKZ GB K_v:
GB cwÎKv mvavi‡Yi we‡klZ ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki Rb¨ Qvcv nB‡Z‡Q, †h
fvlvq Avgvw`‡Mi mPivPi K_vevZ©v nq, Zvnv‡ZB cÖ¯Íve mKj
iPbv nB‡eK| weÁ cwЇZiv cwo‡Z Pvb cwo‡eb, wKš‘
Zuvnvw`‡Mi wbwg‡Ë GB cwÎKv wjwLZ nq bvB|
(D×…Z: exYvcvwY, 1993: 76)
evOvwj bvixmgv‡Ri gvbwmK, ˆbwZK I cvwievwiK DrKl© mva‡b
gvwmK cwÎKv cvjb K‡i‡Q HwZnvwmK f~wgKv| bvixmgv‡Ri bvbvgvwÎK
DbœwZi Rb¨ gvwmK cwÎKvq c¨vixPuv` G‡Ki ci GK avivevwnKfv‡e
wj‡L‡Qb ivgviwÄKv (1860), GZ‡Ïkxq ¯¿x‡jvKw`‡Mi c~eŸ©ve¯’v
(1869), A‡f`x (1871), Ava¨vwZ¥Kv (1880), hrwKwÂr (1865),
evgv‡ZvwlYx (1881) BZ¨vw` iPbv|
c¨vixPuv` wgÎ evj¨weev‡ni we‡ivax wQ‡jb, wQ‡jb eûweev‡ni
wec‡ÿ| wZwb g‡b-cÖv‡Y cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb bvixi mvg~wnK DbœwZ|
evsjv fvlvq bvix-wel‡q MÖš’ iPbvq wZwb Ab¨Zg cw_K…r| bvix-
cyiæ‡li †f` wZwb gvb¨ K‡ibwb; bvix‡K wZwb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb cyiæl-
wbi‡cÿ| gvbevwaKvi, mvg¨ I ci¯úi mn‡hvM evmbv c¨vixPuv‡`i
bvixev`x fvebvi †K›`ªxq cÖZ¨q| eZ©gvb mg‡q bvixev`x fvebvi †h
cÖwZôv, mva©kZ eQi c~‡e©B c¨vixPuv‡`i nv‡Z Zvi exR Dß n‡qwQjÑ
G m~‡ÎI wZwb ¯§iYxq|
Pvi.
mvsevw`K wn‡m‡eI c¨vixPuv` wgÎ, mva©kZ eQ‡ii ee¨avb m‡Ë¡I,
AvRI ¯§iYxq GK bvg| B‡Zvc~‡e©B e¨³ n‡q‡Q, 1854 mv‡j
c¨vixPuv` bvix-Dbœq‡bi evmbv wb‡q cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb gvwmK cwÎKv|
G Kv‡R Zuvi wbô mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb ivavbv_ wmK`vi| gvwmK cwÎKvi
cÖwZwU msL¨vq _vKZ evi c„ôv| G cwÎKvi iPbvmg~n mvaviY gvbyl
we‡klZ bvixmgv‡Ri †evaMg¨ fvlvq iwPZ nZ| gvwmK cwÎKvi fvlv
cÖm‡½ myKzgvi †m‡bi we‡kølY cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| myKzgvi †mb wj‡L‡Qb:
gvwmK cwÎKvi fvlv ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK AwfbeZ¡ †`LvBj|
K_¨fvlvi ixwZ‡Z evK¨iPbv, cÖPzi Z™¢e Ges PwjZ dvimx
k‡ãi e¨envi, Ges wµqvc‡` Zrmg I PwjZ c‡`i wgkÖYÑ
BnvB nB‡Z‡Q gvwmK cwÎKvi iPbv-ixwZi cÖavb ˆewkó¨|
(myKzgvi, 1998: 63)
 †jL¨ I K_¨ixwZi wkwíZ wgkÖYB wQj gvwmK cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ
iPbv¸‡”Qi cÖavb fvwlK-ˆewkó¨| ivavbv_ wmK`vi mn‡hvMx _vK‡jI,
cwÎKvi GB fvwlK `k©b c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi Zv eyS‡Z Avgv‡`i Amyweav
nq bv|
gvwmK cwÎKv QvovI AviI wKQz cwÎKvi m‡½ mivmwi mswkøó
wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| `wÿYvb›`b gy‡Lvcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z mvßvwnK
Ávbv‡š^lY (1831) cwÎKvi Ab¨Zg mvsevw`K wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ|
gvÎ c‡bi eQi eq‡mB c¨vixPuv` wgÎ Ávbv‡š^lY cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq
wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| c¨vixPuv‡`i m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ nq K…wlwelqK
ÿYRxex cwÎKv Agriculture in Bengal (1881)| evsjv‡`‡k
K…wlwkÿvi BwZnv‡m G cwÎKvi i‡q‡Q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb| Agriculture
in Bengal cwÎKvq K…wl wel‡q c¨vixPuv` A‡bK cÖeÜ wj‡L‡Qb, hv
msKwjZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi Agriculture in Bengal (1881) kxl©K MÖ‡š’|
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv hvq, K…wlwelqK Zuvi AviI GKwU MÖš’ i‡q‡Q, hvi
bvg K…wl cvV (1861)| K‡b©j IjKU Ges gv`vg eøvfvUw¯‹ m¤úvw`Z
Theosophist (1879) cwÎKvi m‡½I Nwbôfv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`
wgÎ|
cuvP.
evsjv iPbvi cvkvcvwk c¨vixPuv‡`i Bs‡iwR iPbvi K_vI GLv‡b D‡jøL
Kiv cÖvmw½K we‡ePbv Kwi| Bs‡iwR fvlvq c¨vixPuv` iPbv K‡ib
AvUwU MÖš’| G QvovI AMÖw_Z Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zuvi A‡bK Bs‡iwR
iPbv| c¨vixPuv‡`i Bs‡iwR iPbvi g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ A
Biographical Sketch of David Hare (1877), Stray Thoughts on
Spiritualism (1880), Life of Dewan Ramcomul Sen (1880),
On the Soul: Its Nature and Development (1881), Agriculture
in Bengal (1881) BZ¨vw`| Gme MÖ‡š’ Ges AMÖw_Z Bs‡iwR iPbvq
c¨vixPuv` fviZe‡l©i ms¯‹…wZ, ag©, evOvwj bvixi AvwZ¥K RvMiY, evsjvi
A_©bxwZ Ges K…wlwelqK bvbvgvwÎK we‡ePbv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
Bs‡iwR iPbvq c¨vixPuv‡`i `„wófw½ wbi‡cÿ, wkíxmyjf Ges Mfxi
AbymwÜrmy (exYvcvwY, 1993: 157)| Bs‡iwR iPbvmg~n cvV Ki‡j
Abyaveb Kiv m¤¢e cvixPuv‡`i Aa¨vqb-e¨vwß, Z_¨wbf©iZv, ZË¡Ávb
Ges gbbPP©vi enygvwÎKZv| c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi Bs‡iwR iPbvmg~n wb‡q
we¯Í…Z M‡elYvi AeKvk Av‡Q e‡j Avgv‡`i g‡b n‡q‡Q|
Qq.
Kg©wbô I mvwnZ¨mva‡Ki ci Gevi cwiPq †bIqv hvK fvlv‡`ªvnx
c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi| e¯‘Z, DËiKvjxb evOvwji Kv‡Q mvwnZ¨wkíx
c¨vixPuv` bb, eis fvlvwkíx c¨vixPuv`B mgwaK ¯§iYxq| cÖvK-
c¨vixPuv` evsjv M`¨ †jŠwKK evsjv‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i‡Q, mvwnZ¨-iPbvq
MÖnY Kiv nqwb †jvKRxe‡bi K_¨ fvlv| Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi I
AÿqKzgvi `Ë ms¯‹…Zvbymvix evsjv fvlv‡K LvwbKUv mnR‡eva¨
Ki‡jI, Zuv‡`i iPbvq gvb¨ nqwb evOvwji †jvKfvlv| ms¯‹…Z mvwnZ¨
I ms¯‹…Z fvlvi k„•Lj †_‡K gyw³jv‡fi Rb¨ evsjv mvwnZ¨ Ges
mvwn‡Z¨i fvlv‡K A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi Avwef©ve
ch©šÍ| ew¼gP›`ª gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb, ms¯‹…Z mvwnZ¨ I fvlvi k„•Lj †_‡K
evsjv mvwnwZ¨K fvlv‡K cÖ_g D×vi K‡ib c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| ew¼gP›`ª
wj‡L‡Qb:
†h fvlv mKj ev½vwji †evaMg¨ Ges mKj ev½vwj KË…©K
e¨eüZ, cÖ_g wZwbB Zvnv MÖš’-cÖYq‡b e¨envi Kwi‡jb|
Ges wZwbB cÖ_g Bs‡iwR I ms¯‹…‡Zi fvÐv‡i c~eŸ©Mvgx
†jLKw`‡Mi Dw”Qóve‡k‡li AbymÜvb Kwiqv, ¯^fv‡ei AbšÍ
fvÐvi nB‡Z Avcbvi iPbvi Dcv`vb msMÖn Kwi‡jb| GK
ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ GB Dfq D‡Ïk¨ wm× nBj|
ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvjÕ ev½vjv fvlvq wPi¯’vqx I wPi¯§iYxq
nB‡e| Dnvi A‡cÿv DrK…ó MÖš’ Zrc‡i †Kn cÖYxZ Kwiqv
_vwK‡Z cv‡ib A_ev fwel¨‡Z †Kn Kwi‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘
gvwmK cwÎKv QvovI AviI wKQz cwÎKvi
m‡½ mivmwi mswkøó wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ|
`wÿYvb›`b gy‡Lvcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z mvßvwnK
Ávbv‡š^lY (1831) cwÎKvi Ab¨Zg mvsevw`K
wQ‡jb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| gvÎ c‡bi eQi
eq‡mB c¨vixPuv` wgÎ Ávbv‡š^lY cwÎKvi
m¤úv`Kxq wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib|
ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjv‡jÕi Øviv ev½vjv mvwn‡Z¨i †h DcKvi
nBqv‡Q Avi †Kvb ev½vjv MÖ‡š’i Øviv †miƒc nq bvB Ges
fwel¨‡Z nB‡e wKbv m‡›`n| (ew¼gP›`ª, 1390: 863)
Ñ ¯§i‡Y ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h, ew¼gP›`ª hLb GK_v wj‡L‡Qb, ZLb
cÖKvwkZ n‡q †M‡Q Zuvi A‡bK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv| wb‡R ms¯‹…Zvbymvix
M`¨ wjL‡jI, ÔAvjv‡jiÕ fvlv‡KB ew¼gP›`ª mvwnZ¨ iPbvi fvlv
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| ew¼gP›`ª wj‡L‡Qb: ÔAvwg Ggb ewj‡ZwQ bv
†h ÔAvjv‡ji N‡ii `yjv‡jÕi fvlv Av`k© fvlv| Dnv‡Z M¤¢x‡h©¨i Ges
weïw×i Afve Av‡Q Ges Dnv‡Z AwZ Aí fvemKj, mKj mg‡q,
cwiùzU Kiv hvq wKbv m‡›`n| wKš‘ Dnv‡ZB cÖ_g G ev½vjv †`‡k
cÖPvwiZ nBj †h, †h ev½vjv meŸ©Rbg‡a¨ Kw_Z Ges cÖPwjZ, Zvnv‡Z
MÖš’ iPbv Kiv hvq, †m iPbv my›`iI nq, Ges †h meŸ©Rb-ü`q-
MÖwnZv ms¯‹…Zvbyhvwqbx fvlvi c‡ÿ `yj©f, G fvlvi Zvnv mnR ¸YÕ
(ew¼gP›`ª, 1390: 863)|
Db¥w_Z Dwbk kZ‡Ki M`¨gq ev¯ÍeZv wbg©v‡Y c¨vixPuv‡`i
fvlv ixwZgZ GK we‡`ªvn| Zuvi c~‡e©i, Ggb-wK cieZ©x Kv‡ji
†jLKe„›`I Dcwb‡ek m„ó Rbwew”Qbœ fvlv‡Z mvwnZ¨PP©v K‡i‡Qb|
ev¯Íe-AwfÁZvi Z‡ji m‡½ †KvbI m½wZ bv †i‡LBÑ ejv hvq ev¯Íe
wbi‡cÿfv‡eÑ ˆZwi nw”Qj K_v, iwPZ nw”Qj mvwnZ¨| †`‡ek ivq
G‡K e‡j‡Qb ÔAbyev` M`¨Õ| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb: ÔGKwU fvlv ˆZwi n‡”Q
hvi cÖv_wgK e¨envi N‡U‡Q Abyev‡`Ñ fvlvi Abyev‡` bqÑ eZ©gvb
AwfÁZvi Abyev`, BwZnv‡mi e¨vL¨vi Abyev`, Avi GB `yB‡qi
wgkÖ‡Y ˆPZ‡b¨i Abyev`Õ (†`‡ek, 1990: 69)| bZzb M`¨ Rb¥j‡MœB
AvµvšÍ n‡qwQj Rxebwew”QbœZvi exRvYy‡Z (AvRg, 2014: 183)|
fvwlK GB Rbwew”QbœZvi exRvYyyi weiæ‡×B wQj c¨vixPuv‡`i we‡`ªvn|
ÔAvjv‡jiÕ fvlv w`‡q Jcwb‡ewkK fvwlK-KvVv‡gv‡KB AvNvZ
K‡iwQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`| mvayfvlvi wecix‡Z ÔAci fvlvÕ‡K mvwn‡Z¨i
Avm‡i ¯’vb w`‡q DËiKvjxb evOvwj †jLK‡`i Kv‡Q c¨vixPuv` †i‡L
†M‡Qb Acvi mvn‡mi Drm| evsjv fvlvi Dcwb‡ekvqb cÖwµqvi
weiæ‡×B wQj c¨vixPuv‡`i hy×| evsjv fvlvi ms¯‹…Zvqb cÖwµqv‡K av°v
w`‡qwQ‡jb c¨vixPuv`| GLv‡bB †eva Kwi mvwnZ¨mvaK Ges fvlv-
msMÖvgx wn‡m‡e c¨vixPuv‡`i HwZnvwmK mv_©KZv|
mvZ.
Dwbk kZ‡Ki †jLK n‡jI, c¨vixPuv` wgÎ eûgvwÎK Kvi‡Y GLbI
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖvmw½K e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡ib| mvwn‡Z¨i welq
I fvlv †h mgKvjxb Rxeb I Rbmvavi‡Yi K_¨fvlv †_‡K MÖnY Kiv
hvqÑ evOvwj †jLK‡K †Zv GK_v wkwL‡q‡Qb c¨vixPuv` wgÎ| fvlv I
mvwn‡Z¨i Dcwb‡ekvqb cÖwµqvi weiæ‡× wQj Zuvi msMÖvg| ZvB nv‡ji
DËi-Jcwb‡ewkK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K c¨vixPuv` wg‡Îi mvwnZ¨Kg© we‡kølY
Ki‡j, Avgiv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z cvie bZzb GK c¨vixPuv`‡K|
wek¦wRr †Nvl
DcvPvh©, iex›`ª wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv
AvM÷ 2019 41
 †QvUMí †nqvwis GBW
†kjx †mb¸ßv

gwneyj mv‡ne †ek mKvj mKvj nuvU‡Z †ei nb| AvR‡K AviI mKv‡j †ei
n‡q‡Qb| nuvUv nj bv| e‡m Av‡Qb igbv cv‡K©i †e‡Â| gbUv Lye Lvivc| AvR
Lye g‡b co‡Q †iv‡Kqv‡K| `yÕR‡bi PgrKvi †evSvcov wQj| KZ mn‡R GKRb
Av‡iKRb‡K eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb| gwneyj mv‡n‡ei cQ‡›`i Lvevi¸‡jv ivbœv Ki‡Zb|
`yÕRb GKmv‡_ †L‡Z em‡Zb| GKmv‡_ Pvu‡`i Av‡jv‡Z e‡m Mí Ki‡Zb|
†iv‡Kqv Mvb MvB‡Zb Avi gwneyj KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Zb| GKgvÎ mšÍvb †mŠg¨‡K
wb‡q I‡`i my‡Li msmvi|
gwneyj mv‡ne miKvwi PvKwi Ki‡Zb Avi †iv‡Kqv GKUv ¯‹z‡j mv‡q‡Ýi wk¶K
wQ‡jb| we‡qi cvuPeQi ci †mŠ‡g¨i Rb¥ n‡j Lywkg‡bB ¯‹z‡ji PvKwi †Q‡o N‡i
†mŠg¨i †`Lvïbv Kiv ïiæ Ki‡jb| gwneyj mv‡ne KLbIB Pvbwb †iv‡Kqv N‡i
e‡m _vKzb| Avevi wZwb †RviI K‡ibwb|

42 AvM÷ 2019
 †iv‡Kqv nVvr K‡i †mŠg¨i we‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ e¨¯Í n‡q †M‡jb| gwneyj mv‡ne †P‡q‡Qb gvÎ PvKwi
†c‡q‡Q, wb‡R‡K ¸wQ‡q wbK, Zvici we‡q †nvK| Avi †mŠg¨i g‡b nj, GLb we‡q Kivi A_©
wekvj `vwqZ¡ †bIqv, ZvB g‡b g‡b †P‡qwQj G `vwqZ¡ AviI wKQzw`b c‡i wb‡Z| wKš‘ †iv‡Kqvi
†RvivRywi‡Z cvÎx †`Lv ïiæ nj| gyL †_‡K K_v †ei Ki‡ZB †g‡qi AwffveK‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv
ïiæ n‡q †Mj| mew`K †`‡Lï‡b bvqjv‡K eD K‡i Avbv nj| PgrKvi †g‡q, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K As‡K GgG cvk| †ek †MvQv‡bv Avi m¤£všÍ cwiev‡ii †g‡q| †iv‡Kqvi m‡½ m‡½ cwiev‡ii
meviB I‡K cQ›` n‡q †Mj| GKgv‡mi e¨eav‡b bvqjv G evwoi eD n‡q Gj|

†`L‡Z †`L‡Z A‡bKeQi cvi n‡q †Mj| †mŠg¨ eo nj| ey‡q‡U
fwZ© nj| ZLb †iv‡Kqvi Avb›` †`‡L †K! mvivw`b Kv‡U †Q‡ji myL
¯^v”Q‡›`¨i K_v †f‡e| K¬vm K‡i N‡i †divi Av‡MB Ii Rb¨ Lvevi
ˆZwi K‡i iv‡Lb, iv‡Z Ny‡gv‡Z hvevi Av‡M weQvbv cÖ¯‘Z|
GKmgq †mŠg¨ cvk K‡i †ei nj| m‡½ m‡½ GKUv PvKwiI
†c‡q †Mj| Gi g‡a¨ gwneyj mv‡ne PvKwi †_‡K Aemi wb‡jb|
†iv‡Kqv Avi Av‡Mi gZ †QvUvQzwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, WvqvwewUm,
GwmwWwU Gme mgm¨v wb‡q memgq e¨wZe¨¯Í _v‡Kb| cÖvqB weQvbvq
_v‡Kb wKš‘ wb‡Ri mgm¨vi K_v KLbI e‡jb bv|
†iv‡Kqv nVvr K‡i †mŠg¨i we‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ e¨¯Í n‡q †M‡jb|
gwneyj mv‡ne †P‡q‡Qb gvÎ PvKwi †c‡q‡Q, wb‡R‡K ¸wQ‡q wbK,
Zvici we‡q †nvK| Avi †mŠg¨i g‡b nj, GLb we‡q Kivi A_©
wekvj `vwqZ¡ †bIqv, ZvB g‡b g‡b †P‡qwQj G `vwqZ¡ AviI wKQzw`b
c‡i wb‡Z| wKš‘ †iv‡Kqvi †RvivRywi‡Z cvÎx †`Lv ïiæ nj| gyL
†_‡K K_v †ei Ki‡ZB †g‡qi AwffveK‡`i Avbv‡Mvbv ïiæ n‡q
†Mj| mew`K †`‡Lï‡b bvqjv‡K eD K‡i Avbv nj| PgrKvi †g‡q,
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K As‡K GgG cvk| †ek †MvQv‡bv Avi m¤£všÍ
cwiev‡ii †g‡q| †iv‡Kqvi m‡½ m‡½ cwiev‡ii meviB I‡K cQ›`
n‡q †Mj| GKgv‡mi e¨eav‡b bvqjv G evwoi eD n‡q Gj| we‡qi
mvZw`b c‡iB mevB‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q †iv‡Kqv eD‡qi nv‡Z msmvi
mu‡c w`‡q wb‡R‡K N‡ii g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡i †dj‡jb| Lye GKUv
N‡ii evB‡i Av‡mb bv| wb‡Ri gZ _v‡Kb| gwneyj mv‡ne A‡bK
†Póv K‡iI †iv‡Kqv‡K ¯^vfvweK Rxe‡b wdwi‡q Avb‡Z cv‡ibwb| Ii
GK K_v, GLb Avgvi wekÖvg `iKvi|
we‡qi wZbeQi ci †mŠg¨ Avi bvqjvi GKUv †Q‡j nj| †hw`b
nvmcvZvj †_‡K bvqjv wd‡i Gj †mw`b †klev‡ii gZ N‡ii evB‡i
G‡mwQ‡jb †iv‡Kqv| bvg †i‡L‡Q kÖveY| Avevi wd‡i †M‡jb wb‡Ri
N‡i|
Gfv‡e wekÖv‡g _vK‡Z _vK‡Z gwneyj mv‡ne, †mŠg¨, bvqjv Avi
kÖve‡Yi gvqv KvwU‡q wPiwekÖv‡g P‡j †M‡jb| †iv‡Kqvi P‡j hvIqvUv
A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q †Zgb wKQz wQj bv, KviY A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB wZwb
cwievi wew”Qbœ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ gwneyj mv‡ne GKv n‡q †M‡jb| GKB
N‡ii GKB weQvbvi Ab¨cvkUv k~b¨ n‡q †Mj| G k~b¨Zv gwneyj
mv‡n‡ei ey‡Ki †fZi ARvbv evZv‡mi Kvbœvi gZ nvnvKvi Zz‡j w`j|
Nyg K‡g †M‡Q| gvSiv‡Z Nyg †f‡O cv‡ki k~b¨ RvqMvq nvZ †i‡L
KviI cik cvIqvi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q D‡Vb| e¨_© n‡q cvqPvwi K‡i
ivZ cvi K‡ib| Zvici gwb©s Iqv‡K P‡j hvb| AvRKvj Kv‡bI Kg
†kv‡bb| †iv‡Kqv †nqvwis GBW wK‡b w`‡qwQ‡jb| IUv Qvov GK
gyn~Z© P‡j bv| Av‡M gv‡S gv‡S Lyu‡R bv †c‡j †iv‡Kqv Lyu‡R w`‡Zb,
GLb Lyu‡R †`qvi †KD †bB †`‡L nvivqI bv|
kÖveY eo n‡q‡Q| dvB‡f c‡o, `v`vfvB‡qi m‡½ Lye fve|
cÖwZw`b wKQzmgq `v`vfvB‡qi m‡½ KvUvq| bv n‡j Ii gb f‡i bv|
gwneyj mv‡ne Ii g‡a¨ Rxeb Lyu‡R cvb| †iv‡Kqv gviv hvIqvi ci
GKvKxZ¡ KvUv‡bvi Rb¨ kÖveY‡K memgq Kv‡Q †c‡Z Pvb| Zv‡Z
bvqjv Lye GKUv Lywk nq bv| KLbI KLbI e‡j †d‡j: evev, kÖveY
GLb co‡Q|
wZwb A‡c¶v K‡ib cov †kl K‡i bvwZ Avm‡e| KLbI Av‡m,
KLbI Av‡m bv| gwneyj mv‡ne A‡c¶v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GKmgq fz‡j
hvb wZwb GZ¶Y wK‡mi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQ‡jb|
bvqjv GKUv ¯‹z‡j †hvM w`‡q‡Q| As‡Ki wk¶K wn‡m‡e †ek
bvgI K‡i‡Q| Ii Kv‡Q GLb A‡bK †Q‡j‡g‡q co‡Z Av‡m| WªBs
iæ‡gi cv‡ki iægUv‡Z e¨vP K‡i covq| Zv‡Z mviv¶Y d¬¨vUUv
miMig _v‡K| ZLb †Kvb KvR bv _vKv‡Z kÖveY evev-gv‡qi iæ‡g
e‡m wUwf †`‡L Zv‡Z bvqjv Lye wei³ nq| GLb kÖve‡YiI GKUv iæg
`iKvi| A_P G d¬¨v‡U †eWiæg gvÎ wZbUv|
GUv wb‡q A‡bKw`b †_‡K bvqjv N¨vbN¨vb K‡i hv‡”Q| cÖwZw`b
iv‡Z bvqjvi K_v ïb‡Z Avi fvj jv‡M bv| weQvbv †_‡KB ïiæ nq
evevi Dci weiw³cÖKvk| evev GZ Av‡M Nyg †_‡K I‡V †Kb| D‡VB
†Kb WvBwbs †¯ú‡mi †ewm‡bi Kj Qv‡o| R‡ji k‡ã bvqjvi Nyg
†f‡O hvq| iv‡Z evevi Kvwki k‡ã bvqjv Nygv‡Z cv‡i bv| evev
wb‡Ri eviv›`vq e‡m mܨv‡ejv Mvb K‡ib Zv‡Z bvwK kÖve‡Yi covi
¶wZ nq| cÖwZw`b GZ K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z †mŠg¨ Aw¯’i|
Kvjiv‡Z bvqjv P‚ovšÍ K‡i‡Q| †ek eo eo k‡ã e‡j‡Q, GLb
†Zv evev Iì †nv‡g P‡j †h‡Z cv‡ib, †mLv‡b wZwb wb‡Ri eqmx
†jv‡Ki m‡½ †ek fvj _vK‡eb| Zv‡Z kÖve‡YiI GKUv iæg nj|
GLb eo n‡q‡Q Ii Avjv`v iæg `iKvi|
Rev‡e †mŠg¨ h_vh¤¢e KÉ bvwg‡q ej‡Q, Avwg †Zv K‡e †_‡KB
ejwQ †Zvgv‡K, Zv‡K evevi iæ‡g Av‡iKUv LvU w`‡q `vI, m‡½ GKUv
covi †Uwej|
Ñ bv, GUv Avwg KLbIB Kie bv|
Ñ †Kb Ki‡e bv| Zv‡Z mgm¨v †Kv_vq? kÖveY †Zv evevi mv‡_
fvjB _v‡K| `yÕR‡bi mgq fvj KvU‡e|
Ñ †`L, Avwg Avgvi †Q‡j‡K m¯Ív †mw›U‡g›U wb‡q eo n‡q DV‡Z
†`e bv| ZvB Avwg PvB bv †m IB iæg KviI mv‡_ †kqvi KiæK| hv
Ki‡Z nq Zzwg `ªæZ Ki, bv n‡j AvwgB wKQz GKUv Kie|
†mŠg¨ K_v Lyu‡R bv †c‡q Pzc K‡i †Mj| wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Aciva‡eva
KvR Ki‡Q| evwK ivZ Avi Nyg nj bv|
mKv‡j D‡V evevi N‡i wM‡q †`‡L weQvbv k~b¨| A‡bK Av‡MB
D‡V †Kv_vq †hb †M‡Q| †mŠg¨i gbUv aK K‡i DVj| evev wKQz ï‡b
†d‡jwb †Zv? ïb‡ZI cv‡i| bvqjv †Zv Lye GKUv Av‡¯Í K_v e‡jwb|
Kv‡Ri †g‡q gw`bv‡K wR‡Ám Kij, gw`bv, evev †Kv_vq?
Ñ `v`vRvb‡Zv G mygq AuvW‡Z Rvq, AvBR g‡b Aq Ziv KBiv
†M‡Q|
Ñ nuvU‡Z hvIqvi mgq ZzB †`wLmwb|
Ñ AvwgB †Zv `iRv jvMvB, AvBR †`wn evBi †_BK¨v Zvjv
gvBiv Pvwe jBqv M¨v‡Q|
†mŠg¨ `ªæZ m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q mvg‡bi cv‡K©i D‡Ï‡k nuvU‡Z ïiæ
Kij| gbUv Lye Lvivc n‡q †Mj| †h‡Z †h‡Z wb‡R‡K Mvwj w`‡”Q|

AvM÷ 2019 43
†Kb bvqjv‡K _vgv‡Z cvij bv? evev hw` ï‡b †d‡j wK n‡e| fve‡Z
fve‡Z cv‡K©i †MBU w`‡q Xz‡KB †`‡L, bv‡Mk¦i Mv‡Qi wb‡P wm‡g‡›Ui
†e‡Â evev GKv e‡m Av‡Q| gv_vUv ey‡Ki Kv‡Q Sz‡j Av‡Q| †mŠg¨i
ey‡Ki Rvbvjvq evZv‡mi `vcv`vwc ïiæ nj| †h evev †QvU‡ejv †_‡K
evB‡ii me SoSvcUv †_‡K Avovj K‡i GZ eo K‡i‡Q AvR †m
evev‡K KUz K_v †_‡K Avovj Ki‡Z cvij bv| wb‡R‡K Lye †QvU
g‡b n‡”Q|
†mŠg¨ †QvU‡ejvi gZ †cQb †_‡K evev‡K Rwo‡q a‡i e‡m
coj| gwneyj mv‡ne A‡bKw`b ci †Q‡j‡K Kv‡Q †c‡q ey‡K †U‡b
wb‡jb| †mŠg¨i gv_vi Pzj¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i w`‡q bvK ¸u‡R NªvY
wb‡jb| Mfxi K‡É ej‡jb, †LvKv, †Zvi Pz‡ji MÜ GLbI wVK
Av‡Mi g‡ZvB Av‡Q †i|
Ñ wK ejQ evev!
Ñ †Zvi wK g‡b Av‡Q, †Zvi gv Avi Avwg mviv¶Y †Zvi Pz‡ji
NªvY wbZvg|
†mŠg¨ †n‡m †djj, g‡b †bB Avevi?
gywneyj mv‡ne AvR I‡K ey‡Ki g‡a¨ a‡i †i‡L Avb›` cv‡”Qb,
Qvo‡ZB B‡”Q Ki‡Q bv| evev †Q‡j cvkvcvwk e‡m Av‡Q| GKUv
`yÕ‡Uv bv‡Mk¦i dzj I‡`i kixi Qzu‡q gvwU‡Z c‡o hv‡”Q| mKvj GLb
eva©‡K¨i w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q| †iv‡`i ZxeªZv †e‡o hv‡”Q| †mŠg¨
ejj, evev, evmvq Pj| †iv` Kov n‡q hv‡”Q|
Ñ n¨vu evev , Pj|
nVvr †mŠg¨ welYœK‡É e‡j DVj, evev, Kvj iv‡Zi K_v¸‡jv...
44 AvM÷ 2019
K_v evov‡Z bv w`‡q gwneyj mv‡ne ej‡jb, †LvKv‡i, GKUv fzj
n‡q †M‡Q|
Ñ wK fzj?
Ñ Kvj †_‡K Avgvi †nqvwis GBWUv Lyu‡R cvw”Q bv, wKQzB ïb‡Z
cvw”Q bv| Av‡iKUv wKb‡Z n‡e| †Zvgvi LiP evwo‡q w`jvg|
†mŠg¨ AevK n‡q †Mj, mv‡_ Avbw›`ZI| gwneyj mv‡ne‡K
AviI Mfxifv‡e AuvK‡o aij| †f‡e Lye fvj jvM‡Q evev Kvj iv‡Zi
K_v¸‡jv ïb‡Z cvqwb| ZvI bv e‡j cvij bv, Kvj KLb nviv‡j
evev?
Ñ `ycyi bvMv`|
†mŠg¨ AviI Lywk n‡q †Mj| Zzwg †fe bv, Gevi AviI fvj †`‡L
wK‡b †`e|
Ñ Av”Qv evev|
†mŠg¨i Kuv‡a gv_v †i‡L †nu‡U †h‡Z †h‡Z gwneyj mv‡ne Kvb
†_‡K GKUv wKQz Ly‡j wb‡Ri †cQ‡b †d‡j w`‡jb| Zvici `yB
cÖR‡b¥i `yÕRb `„p cv‡q iv¯Ív cvi n‡q evmvi w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡jb|
e¨vjKwb †_‡K kÖveY `v`y‡K †`‡L nvZ bvo‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K
wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Q, Ô`v`y, Kvj †_‡K wKš‘ AvwgI cv‡K© hve, ïbQ?Õ
gwneyj mv‡ne nvZ bvo‡jb| Avi g‡b g‡b fve‡jb, ÔAvgvi
†mŠg¨Uv GLbI kÖve‡Yi gZ wkïB i‡q †Mj, GgbB _vKzK mvivRxeb,
eo nIqvi `vq A‡bK †ewk|Õ
†kjx †mb¸ßv Kwe I †QvUMíKvi
ms¯‹…wZ Kz wo Av Æ g
bvUK I fw³i Abycg mswgkÖY
AÄbv ivRb
w`by KzwoAvÆg †Kivjvi GKwU cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z bvU¨iƒc hv gvbeRvwZi †gŠwLK I Aaiv
HwZ‡n¨i †kÖô wkí wn‡m‡e BD‡b‡¯‹vi ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q‡Q| KzwoAvÆg k‡ãi kvwãK
A_© n‡”Q ÔGK‡hv‡M AwfbqÕ| KzwoAvƇg Ggb GK mgq I ¯’v‡bi eY©bv Kiv nq
hLb †`eZv, `vbe I gvbyl‡K GKmv‡_ †`Lv †hZ| Avgv‡`i ¯’vb I Kv‡ji A‡bK
`~‡ii PwiÎvejx, kã I `„k¨ Avgiv cÖwZw`b aviY Kwi bv; Ges hv †`wL Zv eY©bvI
Ki‡Z cvwi bv| GB n‡”Q KzwoAvÆg (KLbI KLbI KzwUAvÆgI ejv nq), †Kivjvi
GKwU cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z bvU¨iƒc hv gvbeRvwZi †gŠwLK I Aaiv HwZ‡n¨i †kÖô wkí
wn‡m‡e BD‡b‡¯‹vi ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q‡Q| KzwoAvÆg k‡ãi kvwãK A_© n‡”Q ÔGK‡hv‡M
AwfbqÕ| Z‡e G Dc¯’vcbv‰kjxi mij bv‡gi †cQ‡b Av‡Q Gi RwUj ¯Íi| bvUKxq
†gKAvc, AmvaviY wk‡ivf‚lY I †cvkvK-cwi”Q` Ges Abb¨-mvaviY hš¿ev`¨
mn‡hv‡M cÖ‡Z¨KwU Awf‡bZv †mB mgq I ¯’v‡bi eY©bv K‡ib hLb †`eZv, `vbe I
gvbyl‡K GKmv‡_ †`Lv †hZ| KzwoAvƇgi cÖavb cwiwPwZ Gi Awfb‡q ev Gi we‡kl
ai‡bi Awfbq KzkjZvq hvi †fZ‡i Av‡Q n¯ÍmÂvj‡bi weivU gy`ªvfvÐvi, †PvL-
gy‡Li fvecÖKvk Ges Awf‡bZv‡`i we‡kl k¦vmcÖ‡ÿc| †Xvjev`‡Kiv Awf‡bZv‡`i
†cQ‡b †_‡K Zv‡`i A½mÂvjb, nv‡Zi AvOzj wKsev †Pv‡Li cjK †djv‡K ch©šÍ
Ggbfv‡e aŸwb m„wói gva¨‡g RxešÍ K‡i †Zv‡jb †h, gyn~‡Z©B GKUv bvU¨‡ivgvÂ
ˆZwi n‡q hvq|

AvM÷ 2019 45
cÖK…wZi we¯Í„Z eY©bvi m‡½ Pwi‡Îi mhZœ g‡bv¯ÍvwË¡K mgxÿvi
wb‡`©kbvg~jK iƒcvqb KzwoAvÆg Awfbq‡K Awf‡bZv I `k©KÑ mevi
Kv‡Q Abb¨ AwfÁZv n‡q I‡V|
bvU‡Ki welqe¯‘ wn‡m‡e cÖL¨vZ ms¯‹…Z bvU¨K…wZ wKsev cÖvPxb
gnvKve¨ ivgvqY-gnvfvi‡Zi LÐwPÎ MÖnY Kiv nq| NUbvµ‡g, GB
RvZxq RxešÍ bvU¨aviv Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K fv‡mi 13wU
bvUK‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o I‡V| GB cÖvPxb ms¯‹…Z bvU¨Kv‡ii bvU¨K…wZi
g‡a¨ KzwoAvÆg HwZn¨ Avwe®‹…Z nq| Zvici †_‡K GB bvU¨Kv‡ii
KvQ †_‡K cÖf‚Z wRwbm MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme bvUK KzwoAvÆg
gÂDc¯’vcbvi welqe¯‘ n‡jI GLb mgmvgwqK wewfbœ w_‡qUvi MÖæc
g‡ÂI Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Q| ïaygvÎ KzVvgevj‡g (†Kivjvi wewfbœ gw›`‡i
Aew¯’Z b„Z¨kvjv) KzwoAvÆg gÂvqb n‡”Q fw³i m‡½ weRwoZ|
g‡Âi m¤§yLfv‡M GKwU cÖ`xc ¯’vcb Kiv nq| g Dc¯’vcbvi m~Pbv
nq cÖ`xc cÖR¡jb, Dcw¯’Z †kÖvZv-`k©K‡`i Ici kvwšÍRj el©Y Ges
wb‡P ev‡g: KzwoAvƇgi cÖavb Kzkxje iveY‡ekx gvwM© gay †PvwKqvi \ BD‡b‡¯‹vi wek¦ Hwn‡Z¨i ¯^xK…wZ KzwoAvƇgi fwel¨Z‡K D¾¡jZi K‡i‡Q
46 AvM÷ 2019
Rj˜M¤¢xi g‡š¿v”Pvi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖavb PwiÎvwf‡bZvi g‡Â cÖ‡ek I
Awfb‡qi m~Îcv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q| GKwU n¯ÍPvwjZ c`©vi †cQ‡b GKRb
Awf‡bZvi wKQz A½ mÂvjbI `k©K‡`i †Pv‡L c‡o| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
Gfv‡e mvg‡bi mvwii `k©K‡`i KvQ †_‡K wKQz wµqvKg© Abyôvb
†Mvcb Kiv G wk‡íi wKQz cweÎ A½|
G bvU¨-Dc¯’vcbvi Abb¨ ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q wbe©vnb, bvU‡Ki m~Pbvi
eY©bvg~jK Ask| GKRb Awf‡bZv d¬¨vke¨v‡Ki gva¨‡g bvU‡Ki
Kzkxje‡`i AZxZ Rxe‡bi NUbvejx I Ae¯’vi m~Î awi‡q †`b| g‡Â
GKwU bvU¨Nb gyn~‡Z©i m„wó nq| KzwoAvƇgi cÖavb ev`¨hš¿wU n‡”Q
wgSvey| wgSvey n‡”Q j¤^v †MvjvKvi Zvgvi †XvjKwe‡kl| `yÕRb wgSvey
ev`¨Kvi `yÕcv‡k `uvwo‡q `yB nv‡Z †Xv‡j PvwU †g‡i wewfbœ †evj dzwU‡q
bvU¨gyn~Z© m„wó K‡ib| Gi m‡½ _v‡K GWv°v| GWv°v n‡”Q Nwo-
AvK…wZi Wªvg hv †QvU avZe KvwV w`‡q evRv‡bv nq| KzwoAvƇgi
¯^icÖ‡ÿc †KŠkj AZxe D”Pv‡½iÑ myM¤¢xi myjwjZ g‡š¿v”PviY
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bvw½qvi KzVz wkíx‡`i g‡a¨ Elv bvw½qvi, B›`ywR Ges Kwcjv †ebyi bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| KzwoAvÆg
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G‡nb ¯^xK…wZ KzwoAvƇgi fwel¨Z‡K D¾¡jZi K‡i‡Q|

Abvqvm bvU¨gyn~‡Z©i m„wó K‡i|
KzwoAvƇgi HwZn¨ cÖvq `yÕnvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv e‡j aviYv
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beg kZvãx‡Z †Pi ivRes‡ki Kzj‡kLi eg©‡Yi kvmbvg‡j Zuvi
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†hvM K‡ib| bvU‡Ki ïiæ‡Z GKRb we`~lK ¯’vbxq gvjqvjg fvlvq
ivRv‡K e¨½ K‡i mgmvgwqK bvbv mvgvwRK NUbvi mim e³e¨ cÖ`vb
K‡ib| GB e¨½vZ¥K mvgvwRK gšÍe¨ Ges ¯’vbxq fvlv e¨envi G
bvU¨gÂvq‡b GK bZzb e¨Äbvi m„wó K‡i|
Zey wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gfv‡M KzwoAvÆg mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q
AwZ mvgvb¨B cwiwPZ wQj| G mgq †h-me ¸Yx gvby‡li n¯Í‡ÿ‡c
GwU weKvkjvf K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gwYgvae †PvwKqvi, Av¤§veyi gvae
†PvwKqvi Ges cvBbKzjg ivg †PvwKqv‡ii bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zuv‡`i
Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g GB bvU¨avivwU gw›`‡ii mxgvbv Qvwo‡q evB‡i Av‡m,
GgbwK †`‡ki evB‡i AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
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bvUK GgbwK gvmvwaKKvje¨vcx ¯’vqx nq| D”Pv‡½i gyKvwfbq Ges
Awf‡bZvi Awfbq-KzkjZvi Ici bvU‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ I AwfbqKvj wbf©i
K‡i| GLb Awfbq‡K `xN©vwqZ bv K‡i ïay bvU¨gyn~Z© Dc¯’vcbvi
Ici †Rvi †`Iqv n‡”Q, hv‡Z `k©K GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
bvUK ev bvU¨vs‡ki ¯^v` Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| D`vniY¯^iƒc
bvw½qvi KzVzi K_v D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU bvw¤^qvi †g‡q‡`i
Dc¯’vwcZ GKwU bvU¨Kjv| GwU KzwoAvÆg bvU¨ Dc¯’vcbvi GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| hv †nvK, wesk kZvãxi †klfvM †_‡K A`¨vewa
bvw½qvi KzVzB evievi GKgvÎ Dc¯’vcbv wn‡m‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q
Ges KjvKzkjxiv †`ªŠc`x, mxZv I cve©Zxi gZ bvixPwiÎ dzwU‡q
Zzj‡Qb| me©Rbwew`Z bvw½qvi KzVz wkíx‡`i g‡a¨ Elv bvw½qvi,
B›`ywR Ges Kwcjv †ebyi bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| KzwoAvÆg n‡”Q fvi‡Zi
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K‡i‡Q|
Abyev` gvbmx †PŠayix
m~Î BwÛqv cvim&‡úKwUf Rvbyqvwi-gvP© msL¨v 2018

AvM÷ 2019 47

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ci Aurobindo wn‡m‡e evbvb Ki‡Zb| cvwievwiK c`exi evbvb
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48 AvM÷ 2019
`yB m‡nv`imn Aiwe›`‡K we‡j‡Zi g¨v‡Â÷vi kn‡i cvVvb nq
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fviZxq nvB Kwgk‡bi me©‡kl Z_¨ Rvb‡Z Avgv‡`i I‡qemvBU, †dmeyK, UzBUvi,
Bb&÷vMÖvg I BDwUDe wbqwgZ wfwRU Kiæb, jvBK w`b I UzBU d‡jv Kiæb:
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