Permutation and

Combination
Lecture - 1

10+ years Teaching experience

Sameer Chincholikar
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P&C : Counting
 How Many ?
EXAMPLE:

How many 3 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2 and
3 (without repetition).
 How Many ?
EXAMPLE:

How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3

and 4 (without repetition).
Fundamental Principle of Counting
 Addition Principle
Flight
Flight : Indigo / Jet airways
Train : Shatabdi / Express
Road : Bus / Car / Bike
Train
A B

Road

In how many ways a person can go from city A to city B?

 Multiplication Principle
Flight Train
Flight : Indigo / Jet airways
Train Train : Shatabdi / Express
A C
Road B Road Road : Bus / Car / Bike

In how many ways a person can go from city A to city C via City B?
Concept: Filling the vacant spaces
Example How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(without repetition)
Example How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(repetition allowed)
Example How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
(without repetition)
Example How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
(repetition allowed)
Example How many 4 digit numbers divisible by 4 can be formed using the
digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (without repetition)
Example How many 4 digit numbers can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
(without repetition) such that even places are occupied by even
numbers and odd places are occupied by odd numbers.
Factorial !
 Factorial !
Definition:

Factorial of natural number ‘n’ is product of first n natural

numbers
5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

n! = n x (n-1) x (n-2) …… 3 x 2 x 1

Important Results:

1. 0! = 1
2. n! = n x (n-1)!
Permutation: Arrangements
Number of ways of arranging ‘r’ objects out of ‘n’
available distinct objects
Example In a train 3 seats are vacant then in how many ways can 5 passengers sit
Example How many 4 letter words be created using the letters of the word MONKEY
(words may be meaningless)
Number of ways of arranging ‘ n ’ objects out of ‘ n ‘
available distinct objects
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