Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

mn rule and Permutation

Mn Rule:
If an operation A can be performed in „m‟ ways and another experiment B in „n‟ ways. There are mn
ways if both operations are performed together.

Permutation: (Arrangement, Holding of office, designation)

 The different arrangements of the objects are called permutation.

CASE 1: npr = n!/(n-r)!

 All non zero digits
 All distinct numbers
 Repetition not allowed
 All numbers can take any place (no condition)

CASE 2: nr
 All non zero digits
 All distinct numbers
 Repetition allowed
 All numbers can take any place (no condition)

CASE 3: n!/(C1! x C2! x …) n= total no of digits c= Common numbers

 All non zero digits
 Non distinct number
 Repetition not allowed
 All numbers can take any place (no condition)

CASE 4:
 Zero digits
 Any conditions applied
 No formulas applied
 Question is solved by basic counting techniques.

Circular Permutation:
 We can‟t identify the first position
 We will called one permutation
 (n-1)!
 All non zero digits
 All distinct number

 0! = 1 1! = 1

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Lecture Questions

Q1 A man has 4 pants and 6 shirts, in how many different ways he can dress up?

Q2 A manufacturer makes shirts in five different patterns, each in seven different neck sizes and each
neck size with four different sleeve lengths. How many different shirts are being made by the
manufacturer?

Q3 From the six digits 5, 8, 4, 3, 2, 7

How many three digit numbers can be made?
i) If repetition is not allowed
ii) If repetition is allowed
iii) If number is odd (with and without repetition)
iv) If number is even (with and without repetition)
v) If number is multiple of 5 (with and without repetition)
vi) If number is between 300 and 500 (with and without repetition)

Q4 How many ways three digit numbers can be made using the following integers if each digit is
used only once?
0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8

Q5 In how many ways word “SWORD” can be arranged?

Q6 In how many ways word “DEED” can be arranged?

Q7 Write all the Permutations of the following:

i) Pakistan ii) Pakistani iii) Binomial iv) Statistics

Q8 Write Permutations of the following, if vowels are together:

i) Pakistan ii) Pakistani iii) Binomial iv) Statistics

Q9 Write permutations of the following, if vowels are not together:

i) Pakistan ii) Pakistani iii) Binomial iv) Statistics

Q10 5 8 4 3 2
Make 4 digit number starting from 3 and end at 5, with and without repetition?

Q11 How many automobile license plates can be made if each plate contains a letter followed by three
digits?

Q12 A coin is tossed 2 times, all possible outcomes are?

Q13 A coin is tossed 3 times, all possible outcomes are?

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Q14 A coin is tossed 5 times, how many possible outcomes are?

Q15
Call metering 1 min 2 min 3 min 4 min
Call Package Rs.600 for 300 Rs.850 for 400 Rs.1200 for 500
min min min
GPS package Rs.500 for 1000 Rs.700 for 1450 Rs.1000 for 3200
MBs MBs MBs
SMS package 100 per month 200 per month 300 per month
If a customer wants to choose one of these package, then find the number of ways available to him?

Q16 In how many ways 8 persons can be seated around circular table?

Assignment 1

Q1 From the seven digits 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9

How many three digit numbers can be made?
i) If repetition is not allowed
ii) If repetition is allowed
iii) If numbers are odd (with and without repetition)
iv) If numbers are less than 400 (with and without repetition)

Q2 How many three digit numbers can be formed from the digits 5, 1, 2, 4 and 9, if
i) Repetition is allowed
ii) Repetition is not allowed

Q3 How many four digit numbers can be made using the integers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
i) Repetition is allowed
ii) Repetition is not allowed

Q4 Write all the Permutations of the following:

i) Examination ii) Arrangement iii) Accountant iv) Perseverance

Q5 Write Permutations of the following, if vowels are together:

i) Examination ii) Arrangement iii) Accountant iv) Perseverance

Q6 Write permutations of the following, if vowels are not together:

i) Examination ii) Arrangement iii) Accountant iv) Perseverance

Q7 A man has 5 suites, 6 ties, and 4 pair of shoes, in how many different ways he can dress up?

Q8 18 football matches were played by Manchester United. Calculate total number of ways of 10
wins, 6 losses and 2 tie?

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Q9 Find the number of distinct permutations of the letters of the word MISSISSIPPI?

Q10 Eight runners are hoping to take part in a race, but the track has only five lanes. In how many
ways can five of the eight runners be assigned to lanes?

Q11 In how many ways 5 people can line up for a group photograph?

Q12 Eight people A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are arranged randomly in a line. In how many ways eight
people can be arranged if A and B are next to each other?

Q13
Call metering 1 min 2 min 3 min 4 min
Call Package Rs.500 for 500 min Rs.600 for 700 min Rs.800 for 999 min
GPS package Rs.500 for 1000 MBs Rs.800 for 2000 MBs Rs.1000 for 3500 MBs
If a customer wants to choose one of these packages, then find the number of ways available to him?

Q14 How many automobile license plates can be made if each plate contains 3 letters followed by 3
digits?

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Combination
Combination: (Committee, Team, Group)
 When a selection is made from a set of objects and the order of selection is unimportant it is
called combination.
 The combination is a selection of „r‟ objects without regarding any order from „n‟ objects.
 nCr = n!/(r! (n-r)!) n = Total no of digits r = Selection of digits
Difference between Permutation & Combination:
Both permutations & combinations are arrangement of all or some of a set of objects.
 If we need to take into account the order or sequence, we want permutations.
 If the order or sequence is immaterial and we are interested only in the composition of the group,
we want combinations.
To see the difference between combinations and permutations consider what happens when you select
three letters from the four letters A, B, C and D. It starts by considering permutations, and give you a
method of counting the combinations.
Start with any permutation of three letters from A, B, C and D and write it at the top of the first column.
Write the other permutations of the same three letters underneath it. Write a permutation not already used
at the top of the next column, and write the other permutations of the letters underneath. Keep on until
you have used all the permutations of three letters from A, B, C and D.
ABC ABD ACD BCD
ACB ADB ADC BDC
BAC BAD CAD CBD
BCA BDA CDA CDB
CAB DAB DAC DBC
CBA DBA DCA DCB
Each column then corresponds to a single combination because the elements in any one column differ
only in the order in which the letters are written. The permutations are all different, but they all give rise
to the same combination at the head of the column. To count the combinations, it is sufficient to count the
columns.
Key Points:
 A Permutation is an ordered arrangement of objects.
 A Combination is a selection of objects.

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Lecture Questions

Q1 The manger of a football team has a squad of 16 players. He need to choose 11 to play in a match.
How many possible teams can be chosen?

Q2 In how many ways a committee of 4 persons can be formed from a group of 8 men and 6 women
if there will be equal representation of men and women?

Q3 In a class of 10 students 4 are girls. 3 students are selected at random. Find the number of ways
that:
i) Two girls are selected ii) At least 2 boys are selected
iii) At most 2 girls are selected

Q4 In a bag there are 4 Red balls, 3 Green balls, 2 White balls and 5 Blue balls. 4 balls are selected at
random. Find the number of ways that:
i) All are different balls ii) at most 2 red balls
iii) 3 blue balls iv) at least 1 white ball

Q5 A student is to answer 5 out of 10 questions. How many ways he or she can answer the questions?

Q6 A student is to answer 5 out of 10 questions. In how many ways he or she can answer first three
questions?

Q7 A student is to answer 5 out of 10 questions. In how many ways he or she can answer at least
three of first five questions?

Q8 A history exam paper contains eight questions, four in part A and four in part B. Candidates are
required to attempt five questions. In how many ways can this be done if
i) There is no restriction ii) at least two question from part A

Q9 A committee of 3 people is to be selected from four women and five men. The rules state that
there must be at least one man and one woman on the committee. In how many ways can the
committee be chosen?

Q10 A box of one dozen eggs contains one that is bad. If three eggs are chosen at random, in how
many ways two good eggs can be chosen?

Q11 A bag contains 20 chocolates, 15 toffees and 12 peppermints. If three sweet are chosen at
random, calculate the ways that they are
i) all different ii) all chocolates
iii) all the same iv) all not chocolates

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Quantitative Methods Chapter 11

Assignment 2

Q1 A team of five people, which must contain 3 men and 2 women, is chosen from 8 men and 7
women. How many different teams can be selected?

Q2 A batch contains 6 boys and 4 girls. A group of 4 is to be selected. How many groups may be
formed of exactly 2 girls?

Q3 There are 8 men and 4 women. Find the number of ways in which the committee of 7 members
can be formed from these, if each committee is to include at least 3 women?

Q4 Out of 14 investment banking firm, 6 are classified as Type A and 8 are classified as type B
firms. In how many ways can five firms be selected if:
i) 3 firms are of type A ii) at least 3 firms are of type A
iii) At most 2 firms are of type B

Q5 There are two Departments in a company A and B consist of 8 people and 7 people respectively.
Find number of ways if 5 people are to be chosen at random.
i) 3 from Department A and 2 from Department B ii) At least 4 from department B
iii) at most 2 from department A iv) None from department B

Q6 How many different three-card hands can be dealt from a pack of 52 cards?

Q7 From a group of 30 boys and 32 girls, two girls and 2 boys are to be chosen to represent their
school. How many possible selections are there?

Q8 A class contains 30 children, 18 girls and 12 boys. Four complimentary theatre tickets are
distributed at random to the children in the class. In how many ways :
i) all four tickets go to girls ii) two boys received the ticket

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