I.

Classification of Torts
a. Negligence Torts
b. Intentional Torts
c. Strict Liability Torts
NEGLIGENCE TORTS
II. Definition & Elements of Quasi-delict/Culpa Aquiliana
a. Article 2176, New Civil Code (NCC)s
b. Picart v. Smith, G.R. No. L-12219, March 5, 1918
c. Cangco v. Manila Railroad, G.R. No. L-12191, October 14, 1918
d. Rakes v. Atlantic Gulf, G.R. No. 1719, January 23, 1907
e. Corliss v. Manila Rail Road Co., G.R. No. L-21291, March 28, 1969
f. Accident v. Negligence
i. Jarco Marketing v. CA (GR No. 129792, December 21, 1999)
III.Distinctions from Other Sources of Obligation
a. Ex lege
b. Ex delicto
c. Ex culpa contractual
IV. Test of Negligence/Standard of Care
a. Ordinary diligence
i. Corliss v. Manila Rail Road Co., G.R. No. L-21291, March 28,
1969
ii. Abrogar v. Cosmos Bottling & Intergames, Inc. (G.R. No.
164749, March 15, 2017)
b. Extraordinary diligence
c. Presumption of negligence
i. Belgian Overseas Chartering v. Phil. First Insurance, G.R.
No. 143133, June 5, 2002
V. Factors in Determining Negligence
a. Foreseeability
i. Picart v. Smith, G.R. No. L-12219, March 5, 1918
ii. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. 248 NY 339 (read also
Justice Andrews’ dissenting opinion)
iii. Phoenix Construction v. IAC (GR No. L-65295, March 10,
1987)
iv. Abrogar v. Cosmos Bottling & Intergames, Inc. (G.R. No.
164749, March 15, 2017)
b. Time
i. Adzuara v. CA, G.R. No. 125134, January 22, 1999
ii. People v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 24084, November 3, 1925
c. Place
d. Emergency
i. Gan v. CA, G.R. No. September 19, 1988
ii. McKee v. IAC, G.R. No. L-68102, July 16, 1992
 iii. Valenzuela v. CA, Richard Li, G.R. No. 115024, February 7,
1996
e. Gravity of harm to be avoided
i. Junio v. Manila Railroad, G.R. No. L-37045, March 29, 1933
f. Person exposed to the risk
i. US v. Clemente, G.R. No. 8142, January 25, 1913
ii. Taylor v. Manila Electric and Railroad, G.R. No. L-4977,
March 22, 1910
iii. COMPARE: Jarco Marketing v. CA (GR No. 129792,
December 21, 1999)
g. Utility of activity
h. Violation of statute/ordinance
i. Negligence in fact v. Negligence per se
i. Violation of Administrative rules
j. Practice and custom
k. Res Ipsa Loquitur
i. Rogelio Ramos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124354,
December 29, 1999
ii. Solidum v. People, G.R. No. 192123, March 10, 2014
iii. Geromo et al v. La Paz Housing, G.R. No. 211175, January
18, 2017
iv. Africa v. Caltex, G.R. No. L-12986, March 31, 1966
VI. The Tortfeasor
a. Direct Tortfeasor
i. Junio v. Manila Railroad, G.R. No. L-37045, March 29, 1933
b. Vicarious liability
i. Vicarious liability v. respondeat superior
1. Tamargo v. CA, G.R. No. 85044, June 3, 1922
2. Professional Services, Inc. v. Agana, G.R. No. 126297,
January 31, 2007
ii. Parents & those with parental authority
1. Art. 2180, NCC; Art. 58 & 201, Child and Youth
Welfare Code; Art. 219, 221, and 236, FC
2. Cuadra v. Monfort, G.R. No. L-24101, September 30,
1970
iii. Schools and teachers
1. Art. 218, FC
2. St. Joseph’ College v. Miranda, G.R. No. 182353, June
29, 2010
3. St. Francis High School v. CA, G.R. No. 82465,
February 25, 1991
4. Amadora et al v. CA et al., G.R. No. L-47745, April 15,
1988
iv. Owners and managers of establishments
 v. Employers
1. Art. 2180, NCC
2. Cerezo v. Tuazon, G.R. No. 141536, March 23, 2004
3. Spouses Jayme v. Apostol, G.R. No. 163609, November
27, 2008
4. Metro Manila Transit v. CA, G.R. No. 116617,
November 16, 1998
5. Valenzuela v. CA, Richard Li, G.R. No. 115024,
February 7, 1996
6. Borrow Employees
7. Labor-only Contractors
a. National Power Corporation v. CA, G.R. No.
119121, August 14, 1998
8. Diligence in Selection and Supervision of Employee
a. Cang v. Cullen, G.R. No. 163708, November 25,
2009
b. Safeguard Security v. Tangco, G.R. No. 165732,
December 14, 2006
vi. Registered owner of vehicle
1. Article 2184, NCC
2. Chapman v. Underwood, G.R. No. L-9010, March 28,
1914
3. Erezo et al v. Jepte, G.R. No. L-9605, September 30,
1957
4. PCI Leasing v. UCPB, G.R No. 162267, July 4, 2008
5. Duavit v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 82318, May 18,
1989
6. Kabit System
a. Abelardo Lim v. CA, G.R. No. 125817, January
16, 2002
vii. The State
1. Merrit v. Government, G.R. No. L-11154, March 21,
1916
2. Philippine National Railway v. IAC, G.R. No. 70547,
January 22, 1993
viii. Local Government Units
1. Art. 2189, NCC
2. Guilatco v. City of Dagupan, G.R. No. 61516, March
21, 1989
3. Quezon City v. Dacara, G.R. No. 150304, June 15, 2005
c. Joint tortfeasors
i. Article 2194, NCC
ii. Worcerster v. Ocampo et al., G.R. No. L-5932, February 27,
1912
 iii. Loadmaster Custom Services v. Glodel Brokerage, G.R. No.
179466, January 10, 2011
d. Professionals (malpractice)
i. Physicians
1. Breach of Duty
2. Standard of Care
a. Mendoza v. Casumpang, G.R. No. 197987,
March 19, 2012
b. Ramos et al v. CA et al., G.R. No. 124354,
December 29, 1999
3. Informed Consent
a. Dr. Li v. Spouses Soliman, G.R. No. 165279,
June 7, 2011
4. Captain of the Ship Doctrine
a. Dr. Cantre v. Spouses Go, G.R. No. 16088, April
27, 2007
ii. Hospitals as Employers
1. Corporate Responsibility
2. Unlawful Restraint
a. Manila Doctors v. So Un Chua, G.R. No. 150355,
July 31, 2006
iii. Nurses
iv. Pharmacists
1. Mercury Drug v. De Leon, G.R. No. 165622, October
17, 2008
v. Lawyers
1. Adarne v. Aldaba, AM No. 801, June 27, 1978
2. Atienza v. Evangelista, AM No. 1517, November 29,
1977
3. Roque v. Gunigundo, AM No. 1664, March 30, 1979