4.

0 INTRODUCTION

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) is a flat light emitting technology, made by placing a
series of organic thin films between two conductors. When electrical current is applied, a
bright light is emitted. OLEDs are emissive displays that do not require a backlight and so are
thinner and more efficient than LCD displays (which do require a white backlight).
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED or Organic LED), also known as an organic
EL (organic electroluminescent) diode. is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which
the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in
response to an electric current. This organic layer is situated between two electrodes;
typically, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital
displays in devices such as television screens, computer monitors, portable systems such
as smartphones, handheld game consoles and PDAs. A major area of research is the
development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications.
There are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those
employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a light-emitting
electrochemical cell (LEC) which has a slightly different mode of operation. An OLED
display can be driven with a passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix (AMOLED) control
scheme. In the PMOLED scheme, each row (and line) in the display is controlled
sequentially, one by one,] whereas AMOLED control uses a thin-film transistor backplane to
directly access and switch each individual pixel on or off, allowing for higher resolution and
larger display sizes.
An OLED display works without a backlight because it emits visible light. Thus, it can
display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD).
In low ambient light conditions (such as a dark room), an OLED screen can achieve a
higher contrast ratio than an LCD, regardless of whether the LCD uses cold cathode
fluorescent lamps or an LED backlight.
HISTORY
The first OLED device was developed by Eastman
Kodak in 1987.
In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first
commercial PMOLED.
In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc
developed various displays.
In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor
OLED.

Light is diffused softly from a wide light source area -OLED lighting can generate soft
light because light is emitted evenly from a wide area and diffused over the surrounding area.
For instance, when OLED lighting is used for undershelf lighting, light is diffused beautifully
to the inner corners of the shelf and the light spilling out from the confines of the shelf softly
illuminates the surrounding area.

Light source with no unevenness or granular feeling-Since the entire surface is

illuminated, there is no unevenness in brightness.
When dimming was used to reduce the light intensity in LED lighting, it was
extremely difficult to eliminate uneven, granular luminescence even with the use
of a light guide or diffuser. OLED lighting maintains even luminescence even if
light intensity is reduced.

Reduction of dark shadows- Even under the brightness required for delicate
manual work, dark shadows are unlikely to be created.
The low light reflection on reading material and objects facilitates viewing, making
this product suitable for use as a reading light, task light, or undershelf lighting.

Easy to dissipate heat- A surface heating element dissipates heat more easily than a
point heat element. A distinctive feature of OLED lighting panel is the generation of
heat from the surface.
Some lighting devices do not require a heat sink or aluminum substrate due to the
structure, helping to reduce the number of required components