OLED TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

 Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED).

 Emerging Technology for displays in devices.

 Main principle behind OLED technology is

electroluminescence.

 Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible

displays.
 WHAT IS AN OLED?

 OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin

films of organic molecules that is100 to 500
nanometres thick.

 They emits light with the application of electricity.

 They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are

self emitting.

 They are made from carbon and hydrogen.

 HISTORY

 The first OLED device was developed by Eastman

Kodak in 1987.

 In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first

commercial PMOLED.

 In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc

developed various displays.

 In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor

OLED.
 HISTORY (CONTD.)

 In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix

OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.

 In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced

AMOLED displays.

 Many developments had take place in the year

2012.
 FEATURES

 Flexibility.

 Emissive Technology.

 Light weight and thin.

 Low power consumption.

 High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all

angles.
 STRUCTURE OF OLED

 Substrate.

 Anode.

 Organic layer.

-Conductive layer (Hole Transport Layer).

made up of polyaniline or metal-phthalocyanine.

-Emissive layer( Electron Transport Layer).

made up of polyfluorene or metal chelates.

 Cathode.
STRUCTURE OF OLED(FIGURE)
 OLED FABRICATION

 Substrate preparation.

 Device deposition
 Deposit and pattern anode.

 Pattern organic layers.

 Vacuum deposit and pattern cathode.

 Encapsulation.

 Also involves making backplane.

 OLED DEPOSITION

 Organic layers can be applied to the substrate

using the following methods.

- Evaporation and shadow masking.

- Inkjet printing.

- Organic vapor phase deposition.

EVAPORATION AND SHADOW MASKING
INKJET PRINTING
ORGANIC VAPOR PHASE DEPOSITION
 COLOUR GENERATION

 Different approaches for fabricating red, green and

blue pixels.

- Red, green and blue individual pixels.

- White emitter and colour filters.

- Blue emitter and colour converters.

- Stacked OLED
COLOUR GENERATION(FIGURE)
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
 Current flows from cathode to anode through the
organic layers.
 Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
 Electrons are removed from conductive layer
leaving holes.
 Holes jump into emissive layer .
 Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
WORKING PRINCIPLE(FIGURE)
 OLED DEVICE OPERATION

Transparent Anode Conductive Emissive Cathode

substrate (ITO) layer layer
eˉ eˉ
LUMO
LUMO

Light
HOMO
HOMO
h+ h+
h+
 TYPES OF OLED

Six types of OLEDs

 Passive matrix OLED(PMOLED).

 Active matrix OLED(AMOLED).

 Transparent OLED(TOLED).

 Top emitting OLED.

 Flexible OLED(FOLED).

 White OLED(WOLED).
PASSIVE MATRIX OLED
ACTIVE MATRIX OLED
TRANSPARENT OLED
TOP EMITTING OLED
FLEXIBLE OLED
WHITE OLED
 OLED ADVANTAGES

 Thinner, lighter and more flexible.

 Do not require backlighting like LCDs.

 Can be made to larger sizes.

 Large fields of view, about 170 degrees.

 Faster response time.

 Brighter.

 High resolution, <5μm pixel size.

 OLED DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive.

 Lifespan.

 Water damage.

 Colour balance issues .

 OLED VS. LCD
OLED LCD

 Greater view angle.  Limited view angle.

 High contrast.  Low contrast.

 Faster response time.  Slow response time.

 Do not require  Require backlighting.

backlighting.  Temperature(~0°C-
 Temperature(~50°C – 100°C).
80°C).
 APPLICATIONS

Major applications of OLED technology are

 OLED TV.

 Mobile phones with OLED screens.

 Rolltop Laptop.
OLED TV
MOBILE PHONES WITH OLED SCREEN
ROLLTOP LAPTOP
 CONCLUSION

 Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as the

next generation displays.

 As OLED display technology matures, it will be

better able to improve upon certain existing
limitations of LCD including
 high power consumption

 limited viewing angles

 poor contrast ratios.