MODALS - COMPILATION

TEXT 1
TEXT 2
TEXT 3
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If you are one of the many who suffer from swellings in the legs, you surely know that this
condition (1) _____ be quite unpleasant and impede the everyday activities. Swellings of the legs
(2) _____ be a result of numerous factors, including weight gain, poor blood circulation, unhealthy
diet, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy. The swollen legs (3) _____ often be caused by hot weather,
temperature changes, and humidity. On the other hand, gravity also attracts the fluids down to the
legs, leading to swellings. However, these swellings are always uncomfortable and quite painful.

If your legs are swollen, you (4) _____ lie down and raise them up to about 30 cm height, to
reduce the swelling. Yet, we have another solution to this problem, and it is a completely natural
tea made of parsley which will eliminate the excessive fluids from the body and thus (5) _____
lower the swelling.

Parsley tea acts as a natural diuretic, and numerous studies have confirmed its beneficial effects
on the general health and wellbeing. One study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in
2002, stated that “parsley has the role of a natural diuretic”. This role is due to the capacity to
inhibit the sodium and potassium ion pumps, and to simulate the urine flow and osmosis in the
process. Parsley is high in potassium, so it does not cause side-effects like decreased potassium
levels, like in the case of other diuretics, but it boosts the overall organism performance. Hence, a
person (6) _____ increase the recommended amount of parsley daily and not suffer any side-
effects.

These properties of parsley to regulate the blood pressure and boost the urine flow at the same
time are also confirmed by another 2009 study, “Diuretic and hypotensive activity of aqueous
extract of parsley seeds”, conducted in Brazilian.

Furthermore, according to one of the most experienced herbalists in the US, Dr. John R.
Christopher, a person (7) _____ consume two quarts (64oz.) of raw parsley or parsley tea on a
daily basis, to successfully treat edema. For optimal results, you (8) _____ consume the entire
parsley, organic and raw, together with the seeds, roots, and leaves, which have amazing healing
effects.
Here is how to prepare this tea. Initially, boil 500ml of water in a pot. Then, chop the fresh parsley
roots and leaves finely, and mix them. Add 5 tablespoons of this mixture in the pot and boil them
for 5 minutes. Afterward, leave the tea aside for 20 minutes to cool down, and then strain it. Drink
the parsley tea three times a day, and it (9) _____ quickly solve the issue, as the swellings of the
legs (10) _____ disappear in a couple of days.

(Adapted from www.baby-kids-parents.com)

1. a) ought to b) must
b) can b) ought to
c) had better

7. a) had better
2. a) can b) could
b) must c) should
c) should

3. a) ought to
b) will 8. a) can
c) may b) should
c) have got to

4. a) can
b) should 9. a) must
c) are able to b) will
c) had better

5. a) will
b) could 10. a) may
c) has got to b) will
c) have got to

6. a) may
 TEXT 5

You (1) (can, are able to, must) wear a helmet when you are cycling. Otherwise, you (2) (must,
could, ought to) suffer a serious head injury in an accident. Your helmet (3) (had better, might,
can’t) even save your life. You (4) (should, would, are able to) also wear something bright, so
that car drivers (5) (had better, have to, can) see you clearly. If you wear dark clothing, they (6)
(may, should, must) not notice you until it is too late.

TEXT 6

Lisa: Are you and John going to Alice’s party next Friday? She has invited a lot of guests, so
it should be great fun.

Lucy: We may go, but I’m not sure yet. John (7) (has to, might, had better) have to go away
on business next week. If he does, he (8) (will, should, ought to) not be back in time.
Are you and Mike going?

Lisa: Mike would like to go, but he (9) (could, may, should) have to work a late shift at the
hospital that night. He (10) (will, was able to, had better not) swap shifts with a
colleague if he (11) (may, can, ought to). If not, I shall go to the party on my own.

Lucy: You (12) (must, had better, can) come with John and me, if you like. In fact, you and I
(13) (will, could, are able to) go together, without our husbands. We (14) (have got to,
may, must) not miss this party!

TEXT 7

Any student wishing to go on the school trip to the National Theatre (15) (could, must, might)
notify Mr. Clark by Monday the latest. There (16) (might not, can’t, shouldn’t) be enough tickets
for everyone. The cost per student is twenty dollars and this (17) (will, had better, must) be
paid in full at the time of booking. After booking, students (18) (may, are able to, had better
not) not cancel unless they can find another student to take their place. The bus to the theatre
(19) (will, can, might) leave at midday, and all students must bring a packed lunch to be
consumed on the journey. You (20) (have to, may, had better) also bring something to eat or
drink in the interval of the play. Students (21) (can, must, would) be well-behaved at all times,
and do nothing that (22) (must, might, ought to) spoil the enjoyment of other members of the
audience. After the play is over, everyone (23) (must, could, might) return on the transport
provided. No student (24) (has to, may, would) stay on in the city centre, even with their
parents’ permission.

TEXT 7

Having recently left university I simply (25) (could, may, must) decide about my future, but I (26)
(mustn’t, can’t, shouldn’t) think clearly about it yet. I (27) (may, have to, had better) apply for a
postgraduate degree course; but that (28) (will, might, should) be a waste of time. Maybe I (29)
(should, can’t, am able to) try to find a job as soon as possible. Does that seem more
sensible?

I (30) (could, would, had better) make some plans, I guess, though I’d much rather have a nice
long rest after all my hard work for my degree. Every day I make myself look at the job adverts
in the paper, but so far that hasn’t helped me focus on a suitable area of work. My less worthy
self says “Why find a job? Why not be lazy for a while?

(30 marks)
 TASK B

(II) INSTRUCTIONS: Construct a sentence using a modal or a similar expression that

fulfills the following functions.

1. Ability

_____________________________________________________________________

2. Permission

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Request

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Advice

___________________________________________________________________________
5. Necessity

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Expectation

___________________________________________________________________________

7. Future Possibility

___________________________________________________________________________

8. Present Conclusion

___________________________________________________________________________