CHE 039: PROCESS THERMODYNAMICS

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3 1 2 4.5
Syllabus

UNIT-I
Thermodynamics: Introduction to various thermodynamic terms: system, surrounding etc. Types of
systems, intensive and extensive properties, state and path functions, concept of heat and work..
Definitions of first law, internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacities at constant volume and pressure and
their relationship. Definitions of second law, carnot cycle and its efficiency, entropy as a criteria of
spontaneity and equilibtium. Third law of thermodynamics, Gibbs function and Helmholtz function.
Thermodynamic derivation of law of mass action, Le Chatelier,s principle. Excess functions for non ideal
systems, activity and activity coefficients. Applications of thermodynamics in biochemistry.

UNIT-II
Phase Equilibria: Definition of phase, component and degree of freedom, Phase rule and its
thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its importance in phase
equilibria, phase diagrams of one component systems (water), phase diagrams of two component
systems (Pb- Ag, Mg-Zn and Na-K)

Catalysis: Rate of reaction, order and molecularity, first, and second order reactions effect of
temperature on reaction rates, activation energy and calculation from Arrhenius equation, Acid base
catalysis, enzyme catalysis including their mechanisms, Michaelis Menten equation for enzyme catalysis,
heterogeneous catalysis and its mechanism.

UNIT-III

Fuels: Types of fuels, calorific value, determination of calorific value by bomb calorimeter and Boy’s gas
calorimeter, proximate and ultimate analysis of coal, high and low temperature carbonization. Synthesis,
composition and uses of water gas, producer gas, oil gas and coal gas. Flue gas analysis, Orsat’s
Apparatus.

Heat transfer: Different modes of heat transfer – conduction, convection, radiation. Fourier’s law of heat
conduction, coefficient of thermal conductivity, effect of temperature and pressure on thermal conductivity
of solids, liquids and gases and its measurement.

Essential Readings

1. J. Bevan Ott and J. Boerio-Goates, Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications,

Academic Press, 2000.
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2. J. Paula, P. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 7 Edition, W. H. Freeman, 2001.

Suggested Readings
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1. G. W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, 2 Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1978.
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2. W. J. Moore, Physical Chemistry, 5 Edition, Orient Longman, 1972.
3. K. L. Kapoor, A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 2, Macmillan, 1981.
4. S. Glasstone, Thermodynamics for Chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press, 1960.

List of experiments:
 1. Determine equilibrium constant of reaction KI + I2 = KI3 by distribution law and hence find the
value of ∆ G of the above reaction.
2. Determination of viscosity of a pure liquid.
3. Determine the % age composition of an optically active solution using a polarimeter.
4. To study the hydrolysis of methyl acetate catalyzed by HCl at room temperature.
5. To determine the congruent composition and temperature of a binary system.
6. Determine the activity coefficient of an electrolyte at different molalities by e.m.f. measurements.
7. Construct the phase diagram for three component system.
8. To study distribution of benzoic acid between benzene and water and show that benzoic acid
dimersis in benzene layer
9. To determine the heat of neutralization of HCl
10. To determine the refractive index of a given liquid by
Abbe refractometer and find specific and molar refraction.
11 Compare the cleansing power of 2 samples of detergent by surface tension method

Suggested Readings

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1. D. P. Shoemaker, C. W. Garland, and J. W. Nibler, Experiments In Physical Chemistry, 6
Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
2. F. Daniels, J. W. Williams, P. Bender, R. A. Alberty and C. D. Cornwell, Experimental Physical
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Chemistry, 7 Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1970.
3. J. Mendham, R. C. Denney, J. D. Barnes, R. C. Denney, Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis,
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6 Edition, Prentice Hall, 2000.