CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

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Workbook answers
Chapter 2
Exercise 2.1 Velocity–time graphs 3 a 22

v / m s−1
1 a v = 0 when t = 0
b a fter 40 s; graph becomes horizontal 8
(gradient = 0) shaded area = displacement

c time = 20 s 0
0 10
t/s
d increase in velocity = 15 m s –1

(7 − 22 ) −15
15 b acceleration = =
e acceleration = = 0.75 m s −2 10 10
20
= −1.5 m s–2
9
f acceleration = = 0.45 m s −2
20 c Gradient is negative (sloping downwards).

1 d See graph.
g area ABX = × 20 × 15 = 150 m;
2 e displacement = 145 m
distance travelled in first 20 s
1 4
v0
h total distance = 150 + × 9 × 20 + 15 ×
Velocity / m s−1

2 10
20 + 24 × 20 = 1020 m
30 v0 – 10
2 a
25
Velocity / m s−1

20 0
0 50
15 Time / s
10
change in velocity = 0.2 × 50 = 10 m s–1; area
5
1
0 under graph = × 10 × 50 + (v0 − 10) × 50 =
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2
Time / s 2000; v0 = 45 m s–1
b between 20 s and 60 s; change in velocity
Exercise 2.2 Deriving the
14
= 14 m s–1; acceleration =
40
= 0.35 m s −2 equations of motion
c distance travelled = 10 × 20 + 17 × 40 + 1 a s = displacement
26 × 20 + 28 × 40 = 2520 m u = initial velocity
v = final velocity
a = acceleration
t = time

1 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

b ‘uniform acceleration’ = constant 2 equation 3:

acceleration (in both magnitude and
direction) s = ut + 12 at 2

(v − u ) 2000 = u × 50 − 0.5 × 0.2 × 502

2 a a=
t ( 2000 + 250 )
b v = u + at u= = 45 m s −1
50
c displacement s 3 using equation 3, displacement in first 10 s =
0.5 × 0.8 × 102 = 40 m
3 a
velocity after 10 s = 0.8 × 10 = 8 m s–1
( initial velocity + final velocity )
average velocity = using equation 3 again, displacement in next
2
10 s = 8.0 × 10 + 0.5 × 0.4 × 102 = 80 + 20 =
(u + v ) 100 m
=
2
final displacement = 140 m
b displacement = average velocity × time
4 a equation 4:
(u + v )
s= ×t v2 = u2 + 2as
2
412 = 282 + 2 × a × 100
c acceleration a
( 412 − 282 )
4 a The object accelerates from u to v in time t. a= = 4.5 m s −2
200
b area of rectangle = ut
b equation 2:
c height of the triangle = v − u = at
(u + v )
s= ×t
d area of triangle = 1
2
× t × at = 1
2
at2 2
( 41 + 28)
e s = ut + 12 at 2 100 = ×t
2
100
f final velocity v t= = 2.9 s
34.5
(v − u )
5 a t=
a Exercise 2.4 Motion under gravity
(v + u ) (v − u ) 1 negative
b s= ×
2 a
2 a
c 2as = (v − u) × (v + u) = v2 − u2
Quantity Displacement Velocity Acceleration
d v2 = u2 + 2as
stone
e time t moving + + −
upwards
Exercise 2.3 Using the equations stone at
highest + 0 −
of motion position
1 a equation 1: stone falling
+ − −
downwards
v = u + at = 12 + 0.75 × 20 = 27 m s–1
b  raph B is correct; gradient is constant
G
(12 + 27 ) and negative.
b average velocity = = 19.5 m s −1
2
3 a velocity at highest point = 0
c distance = 19.5 × 20 = 390 m
0 = 6.52 − 2 × 9.81 × s
d s = 12 × 20 + 0.5 × 0.75 × 20 = 240 + 150 2
s = 2.2 m
= 390 m

2 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020
 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS: WORKBOOK

b final velocity = −6.5 m s–1 d horizontal acceleration = 0

(v − u ) 13.0 e  orizontal component of initial velocity
h
t= = = 1.33 s
a 9.81 24 cos 45° = 17.0 m s–1

c s = −55 m f  istance travelled horizontally =

d
17.0 × 3.47 = 58.9 or 59.0 m
v2 = 6.52 + 2 × 9.81 × 55.0 = 1121
v = −33.5 m s–1 5 vertical component of initial velocity =
24 sin 50° = 18.4 m s–1
(v − u ) (33.5 + 6.5 )
d t= = = 4.08 s 0 = 18.4 × t − 0.5 × 9.81 × t2
a 9.81
18.4
4 a v ertical component of initial velocity = t= = 3.75 s
24 sin 45° = 17.0 m s–1 ( 0.5 × 9.81)
b vertical displacement = 0v horizontal component of initial velocity =
24 cos 50° = 15.4 m s–1
c 0 = 17.0 × t − 0.5 × 9.81 × t 2

distance travelled horizontally = 15.4 × 3.75 =

t = 3.47 s
57.8 m

3 Cambridge International AS & A Level Physics – Sang & Jones © Cambridge University Press 2020