BDK MP Final PDF

GIS/RS Based Master Plan
For
Bhadrak
Final
June- 2017
Special Planning Authority, Bhadrak, Odisha

(Under the guidance of Directorate of Town Planning, Odisha, Bhubaneswar)
Consultants:
Feedback Infra Private Limited In Joint Venture with B. E. Consultants
GIS/RS BASED MASTER PLAN FOR BHADRAK TOWN
GIS/RS Based Master Plan for Bhadrak (Final)
Prepared By: M/s Feedback Infra Private Limited Gurgaon on

behalf of Special Planning Authority, Bhadrak
Under the supervision of: Directorate of Town Planning,
Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Odisha, Bhubaneswar.
Approved by: Directorate of Town Planning,

Odisha, Bhubaneswar (under Section 32 of OTP
& IT Act, 1956
vide letter No.3063/DTP. Date-28th June 2017).
Published by: Special Planning Authority, Bhadrak

(Vide Notification No………………………………./
Date…………………………………….).
Note
 The Master Plan Area tallies with the constituent Major settlement area.
 The English Spelling of the Revenue Villages occurring in the Plans tallies
with the Revenue Records.
 The existing and proposed areas as shown in the Master Plan area derived

from computerized methods and therefore, these are appropriate to the
extent.
Acknowledgement
The Special Planning Authority sincerely acknowledges its gratitude to local
offices and institutions as well as general public for their association and co-
operation in the process of preparation of GIS/RS based Master Plan for Bhadrak
(Final).

PREFACE
Cities demand huge investments for their development. Large resources are spent on the development of
various urban settlements but the conditions of these cities continue to deteriorate because of piecemeal nature
of expenditure and lack of definitive development schemes. Adhoc efforts neither result in better environment
nor strengthen the economic base. In view of this, the Special Planning Authority (SPA), Bhadrak has undertaken
the Preparation of GIS/RS based Master Plan of Bhadrak. The Master Plans are expected to give impetus to the
development and economic growth of the city. The SPA, Bhadrak has given this assignment to M/s Feedback
Infra Private Limited, Gurgaon. The GIS/RS based Master Plan of Bhadrak is prepared for the perspective year
2030.
The studies involved in the preparation of GIS/RS based Master Plan of Bhadrak concerns with the areas crucial
to planning and development of the region. It has been a great privilege M/S Feedback Infra Private Limited,

Gurgaon to undertake the assignment of formulating the GIS/RS based Master Plan of Bhadrak. In this Master
Plan, the development proposals have been framed after a detailed study and analysis of the crucial issues
related to economic development, infrastructure, transportation, housing, environment and urban
sustainability. This comprehensive effort has established a framework for physical and socio-economic
development and upliftment of the town - its constituent elements and the development policy mechanism by
which these goals can be achieved. To meet the growing demand of commercial activities and overcome the
shortfall of available commercial space, a provision of Mixed Use in residential areas has been adopted adhering
to the requisites of the environment, while achieving better synchronization between workplace, residence and
transportation.
At this juncture, the main purpose for M/s Feedback Infra Private Limited, Gurgaon and M/s B.E. Consultants,
Jaipur in putting this document is to solicit greater participation, meaningfulness and make the GIS/RS based
Master Plan of Bhadrak acceptable to stakeholders who have a role to play in its development and
implementable for the Local Authority.
Feedback Infra Private Limited, Gurgaon
In joint venture with
BE Consultants, Jaipur
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AQM : Ambient Quality Monitoring
ASP : Activated Sludge Process
bgl : Below Ground Level
BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand
BOD : Biological Oxygen Demand
BPA : Bhadrak planning Area
CBD : Central Business District
CC : Community Centre
CMP : Comprehensive Master Plan
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPHEEO : The Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation
CT : Census Town
DCC : District Commercial Centre
DLC : District Level Committee
DLD : Desire Line Diagram
DRC : Development and Regulation Control
ECS : Equivalent Car Space
ECS : Equivalent Car Spacing
EWS : Economic Weaker Section
FACOR : Ferro Alloy Corporation Ltd.
FAR : Floor Area Ratio
GIS : Geographic Information System
gms : Grams
ha/HA : hectare
HH : Household
HIG : High Income Group
HLC : High Level Canal
IDC : Integrated District Centre
IPT : Intermediate Public Transport
km : Kilometre
kV : Kilo Volts
KW : Kilo Watt
L.O.S : Level Of Service
lpcd : Litres per Capita per Day
LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas
M : Metre
MC : Municipal Corporation
MDR : Major District Road
MIG : Middle Income Group
MLD : Million Litres per Day
mm : Millimetres
MP : Master Plan
MSW : Municipal Solid Waste
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MT : Million Tonnes
MVA : Mega Volts
MW : Mega Watt
NAC : Notified Area Council
NESCO : North Eastern Electricity Supply Company of Odisha Limited
NGOs : Non-Governmental Organizations

NH : National Highway
NUTP : National urban Transport Policy
O-D : Origin - Destination
ODA ACT : Odisha Development Authority Act
OG : Out Growths
OTP & IT ACT : Odisha Town Planning & Improvement Trust Act
PCU : Passenger Car Equivalent

PHCs : Primary Health Centres
PPH : Person per Hectare
PPP : Public Private Participation
ROW or R/W : Right Of Way
SH : State Highway
SPA : Special Planning Authority
Sq.km : Square Kilometre
Sq.m : Square Metre
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
TP : Town Planning
TVC : Traffic Volume Count
UASB : Up- flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
ULBs : Urban Local Bodies
URDPFI : Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
V/C : Volume / Capacity ratio
WFPR : Work Force Participation Rate
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Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.2 Broad Objective of the Master Plan ............................................................................................................ 9
1.3 The Vision .................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Planning Area ............................................................................................................................................ 10
1.5 Planning Issues of Bhadrak Master Plan ................................................................................................... 10
1.6 The Purpose of Master Plan ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 The Planning Process................................................................................................................................. 11
1.8 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................................. 12

2. Bhadrak Master Plan Area – An Overview ...................................................................................... 13
2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2 Administrative Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.3 Geographical Setting ................................................................................................................................. 13
2.4 Topography ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Natural Drains and Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 15
2.6 Climate ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.7 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................................... 16
2.8 Flora and Fauna ......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.9 Socio-Economic Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 17
2.10 Nature of Development and Land Form ................................................................................................... 17
2.11 Chronological Growth of Settlement ........................................................................................................ 18
2.12 Economy.................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.13 Industrial Scenario..................................................................................................................................... 18
2.14 Traffic and Transportation ........................................................................................................................ 20
2.15 Housing ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
2.16 Physical Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 20
2.17 Social Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................. 20
2.18 Culture, Recreation and Tourism .............................................................................................................. 21
2.19 Heritage and Conservation........................................................................................................................ 21
3. Land Use and Land Ownership ....................................................................................................... 22
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 22
3.2 Existing Land Use Distribution................................................................................................................... 22
3.3 Developable Area ...................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4 Ownership Pattern .................................................................................................................................... 28
4. Conceptual Plan ............................................................................................................................. 29
4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 29
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4.2 Structure and Concept of the Bhadrak Master Plan Area ......................................................................... 29
4.3 Salient features of The Master Plan .......................................................................................................... 31
4.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 32
5. Demographic and Economic Perspective ........................................................................................ 33
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 33
5.2 Population Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 33
5.3 Population Estimation ............................................................................................................................... 35
5.4 Economic Perspective ............................................................................................................................... 36
6. Traffic and Transportation ............................................................................................................. 40
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 40
6.2 Study Area and Traffic Zone ...................................................................................................................... 40

6.3 Transport Surveys and Studies .................................................................................................................. 40
6.4 Transport System ...................................................................................................................................... 42
6.5 Road Network Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 42
6.6 Traffic and Transportation Issues in Bhadrak............................................................................................ 43
6.7 Traffic Characteristics in Bhadrak.............................................................................................................. 43
6.8 Road Inventory .......................................................................................................................................... 46
6.9 Other Major Roads Network Inventory Analysis....................................................................................... 56
6.10 Existing bottlenecks .................................................................................................................................. 57
6.11 Pedestrian Facilities .................................................................................................................................. 59
6.12 Parking ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
6.13 Origin and Destination .............................................................................................................................. 63
6.14 Household Trip Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 64
6.15 Terminals ................................................................................................................................................... 68
6.16 Proposed Transportation Network ........................................................................................................... 69
7. Housing and Slums......................................................................................................................... 72
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 72
7.2 Household Size .......................................................................................................................................... 72
7.3 Existing Scenario and Trends..................................................................................................................... 72
7.4 Residential Density .................................................................................................................................... 72
7.5 Orissa’s Housing Condition ....................................................................................................................... 73
7.6 Housing in Bhadrak ................................................................................................................................... 73
7.7 Household Survey Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 73
7.8 Housing Demand – Bhadrak Planning Area-2030 ..................................................................................... 85
7.9 Orissa State Housing Board ....................................................................................................................... 85
7.10 Proposed Housing Policy ........................................................................................................................... 86
7.11 Slums ......................................................................................................................................................... 87
7.12 Urban Renewal .......................................................................................................................................... 92
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7.13 Policy for Housing for All in Urban Areas, Odisha-2015 ............................................................................ 93
8. Physical Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 95
8.1 Water Supply ............................................................................................................................................. 95
8.2 Sewerage System ...................................................................................................................................... 96
8.3 Drainage .................................................................................................................................................... 99
8.4 Solid Waste Management ....................................................................................................................... 101
9. Social Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................111
9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 111
9.2 Education ................................................................................................................................................ 111
9.3 Health Care.............................................................................................................................................. 112
9.4 Other Social Infrastructural facilities....................................................................................................... 114

9.5 Assessment of Future requirements and proposal ................................................................................. 114
9.6 Power ...................................................................................................................................................... 115
10. Heritage, Culture and Tourism ......................................................................................................117
10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 117
10.2 Places for Tourism Attraction in Bhadrak ............................................................................................... 117
10.3 Issues ....................................................................................................................................................... 118
10.4 Policies on Cultural Development in Bhadrak ......................................................................................... 118
10.5 Policies for Development of Recreational Areas ..................................................................................... 118
10.6 Policies for Development on Tourism Development .............................................................................. 119
10.7 Heritage Management and Organizational Structure ............................................................................. 120
10.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 120
11. Environment and Disaster .............................................................................................................121
11.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 121
11.2 Air Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 121
11.3 Water Environment................................................................................................................................. 122
11.4 The noise environment ........................................................................................................................... 122
11.5 Need for Disaster Mitigation ................................................................................................................... 122
12. Development Management and Finance .......................................................................................127
12.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 127
12.2 Strategy for Plan Implementation ........................................................................................................... 130
12.3 Projectization and Packaging the Projects .............................................................................................. 130
12.4 Institutional Framework .......................................................................................................................... 130
12.5 Urban Governance .................................................................................................................................. 131
12.6 Legislation ............................................................................................................................................... 133
12.7 Land Use Policy ....................................................................................................................................... 134
12.8 Development Promotion Regulation ...................................................................................................... 134
12.9 Financing Urban Development................................................................................................................ 134
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13. Future Land Use ............................................................................................................................137

13.1 Land Use Strategy ................................................................................................................................... 137
13.2 The Proposed Plan .................................................................................................................................. 138
13.3 Hubs of Activities..................................................................................................................................... 142
13.4 Facility Centre ......................................................................................................................................... 142
13.5 Land Assembly Tools ............................................................................................................................... 145
14. Zoning Regulations .......................................................................................................................148
14.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 148
14.2 Residential Use Zone ............................................................................................................................... 149
14.3 Retail Commercial Business Use Zone .................................................................................................... 149
14.4 Wholesale Commercial Use Zone: .......................................................................................................... 150

14.5 Mixed Use Zone: ..................................................................................................................................... 151
14.6 Industrial Use Zone: ................................................................................................................................ 151
14.7 Public and Semi–Public Use Zone: .......................................................................................................... 154
14.8 Utilities and Services Use Zone: .............................................................................................................. 155
14.9 Recreational Use Zone: ........................................................................................................................... 155
14.10 Transportation and communication Use Zone: ...................................................................................... 156
14.11 Primary Activity Use Zone: ...................................................................................................................... 156
14.12 Water Bodies Use Zone: .......................................................................................................................... 157
14.13 Urban Design Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 168
15. Investment Plan............................................................................................................................173
15.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 173
15.2 Sector-wise Investment Proposal............................................................................................................ 173
15.3 Total Investment Proposal ...................................................................................................................... 176
15.4 Phasing of Proposals ............................................................................................................................... 176
16. Annexure ......................................................................................................................................178
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List of Tables
Table 2.1: Administrative Setup of Bhadrak District 13
Table 3.1: Distribution of Existing Land Use of Urban Area (Municipal Area) 23
Table 3.2: Distribution of Existing Land Use of Rural Area 25

Table 3.3: Distribution of Existing Land Use in Planning Area 26
Table 5.1 Existing Population 2011- Bhadrak 33

Table 5.2 Comparison of Population Growth Rate 33
Table 5.3 Literacy Rate in Bhadrak 34
Table 5.4 Sex-Ratio - Bhadrak 34

Table 5.5 Existing Population Density 34
Table 5.6 Birth, Death and Natural Growth Rate 35
Table 5.7 Bhadrak Population Projection -2030 35

Table 5.8 Sector Wise Workforce Participation Ratio in Bhadrak 37
Table 5.9 Workforce Participation (Male – Female) 38
Table 5.10 Bhadrak Workforce Projections-2030 38
Table 5.11 Sector Wise Workforce Participation – 2030 39

Table 6.1 Types of Traffic and Transportation Survey Conducted 41
Table 6.2 Volume Count Survey Analysis as per Type of Survey and Location 45
Table 6.3 Road Inventory on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch 47
Table 6.4 Road Inventory on Aradi Road Stretch 48
Table 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch 49

Table 6.6 Road Inventory on Chandbali Road Stretch 51
Table 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch 52

Table 6.8 Road Inventory on Station / Charampa Road Stretch 54
Table 6.9 Road Inventory on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road) 55

Table 7.1 Urban and Rural Population, HH size and no. of Households in Bhadrak Planning Area 72
Table 7.2 Residential Density in Bhadrak Planning Area 73
Table 7.3 Household Survey Profile 74
Table 7.4 Average Distance of Infrastructure Facilities Availability 84

Table 7.5 Predominant Infrastructure Related Issues 84
Table 7.6 Housing Demand for the horizon year -2030 85
Table 7.7 Completed Housing Board Projects in Bhadrak: 86

Table 7.8: Distribution of Housing supply in income categories 87
Table 7.9 List of Identified Slums and Slum Population in Bhadrak-2004 88
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Table 7.10: Slum Clusters Covered under DPR 90

Table 8.1: Existing Status of Water Supply in Bhadrak Town 95
Table 8.2: Projected Water Demand of Planning Area 96
Table 8.3: Estimation of Sewage Generation 97
Table 8.4: Solid Waste Generation (MT), 2011-2030 103

Table 8.5: Category of Bio-Medical Waste 108
Table 8.6: Treatment Option for Bio-Medical Waste 108
Table 8.7: Land Area Requirement for Solid Waste Dumping Site 110
Table 9.1 Existing Educational facilities and Future Requirement in Bhadrak 111
Table 9.2 Future Requirement of Health facilities in Bhadrak 113

Table 9.3: Future Requirement of Commercial Facilities in Bhadrak 114
Table 9.4: Future Requirement of Community Facilities in Bhadrak 114

Table 9.5 Future Requirement of Recreational Facilities in Bhadrak 115
Table 9.6 Projected Power Supply Requirement 116
Table 12.1: Institutional Framework for Project Implementation 127
Table 13.1 Planning Area Units Details 138

Table 13.2 Existing and Porposed Land Use Distribution -2030 138
Table 13.3 Details of Neighborhood Centers (10 Hectares for 10000 to 12,000 population) 143
Table 13.4 Details of Neighborhood Centers Provisions (10 Hectares for 12001 to 15,000 population) 143
Table 14.1 Shows the (a) Uses/Activities Permitted (b) Uses/Activities permissible on application to the
Competent Authority (with conditions / up to 30% area on special consideration) & (c) Activities Prohibited as it
has been already stated according to the Model Zoning regulations. 158
Table 14.2 Spatial Norms and Standards 166
Table 15.1: Sector Wise Investment for Bhadrak Planning area 173
Table 15.2: Summation of Sectoral Investment Plan for Bhadrak Planning Area 176
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List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Location of Bhadrak Town ..................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2.2: Topographical Map of Bhadrak Region ................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2.3: Watershed map of Baitarani River Basin ............................................................................................... 15

Figure 2.4: Soil Map of the Bhadrak and its Region ................................................................................................. 16
Figure 2.1: Distribution of Developed and Non-developed Area in Bhadrak MC .................................................... 22

Figure 2.2: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed & Total Municipal Area) .................................................... 24
Figure 2.3: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed Rural Area & Total Rural Area) .......................................... 25
Figure 2.4: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed Planning Area & Total Planning Area) ............................... 26

Figure 4.1 Existing Developed Area- Bhadrak 2014 ................................................................................................. 29
Figure 4.2 Potential Developable Lands in Bhadrak ................................................................................................ 30
Figure 4.3 Bhadrak Concept Development .............................................................................................................. 31

Figure 5.1 Existing Population % of Bhadrak Planning area .................................................................................... 33
Figure 5.2 Bhadrak Population Growth Rate 1991-2030 ........................................................................................ 36

Figure 5.3 FACOR Industries- Bhadrak .................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 5.4 Sector Wise workers distribution .......................................................................................................... 37

Figure 5.5 Workforce Participation Distribution (Male – Female).......................................................................... 38
Figure 5.6 Bhadrak Workforce Projections-2030 .................................................................................................... 39
Figure 6.1 Major Road Network in Bhadrak Planning Area .................................................................................... 43
Figure 6.2 Volume Count Survey Analysis as per Type of Survey and Location ..................................................... 45
Figure 6.3 Road Inventory on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch ............................................................. 47
Figure 6.4 Road Inventory on Aradi Road Stretch .................................................................................................. 48
Figure 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch ............................................................................................ 49

Figure 6.6 Road Inventory on Chandbali Road Stretch ........................................................................................... 51
Figure 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch........................................................................................ 52

Figure 6.8 Road Inventory on Station / Charampa Road Stretch............................................................................ 54
Figure 6.9 Road Inventory on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road).................................................................................. 55
Figure 6.10 Other Major Roads Improvements and Widening in Bhadrak............................................................. 57
Figure 6.11 Existing Bottlenecks in Bhadrak Town ................................................................................................. 58

Figure 6.12 Parking Survey Locations in Bhadrak ................................................................................................... 60
Figure 6.13 Total ECS of all modes as per Parking Survey Location ........................................................................ 61
Figure 6.14 Total Mode Wise Hourly Vehicular Parking in ECS.............................................................................. 61

Figure 6.15 Mode Wise Percentage of Total Parking in ECS ................................................................................... 62
Figure 6.16 Time Wise (Hourly) Percentage of Total Parking in ECS ...................................................................... 62
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Figure 6.17 Desire Line for Passenger Vehicles in Bhadrak ................................................................................... 63

Figure 6.18 Desire Line for Passenger Vehicles in Bhadrak ................................................................................... 64
Figure 6.19 Percentage of Purpose of Trips to Destination .................................................................................... 65
Figure 6.20 Percentage of Trips as per Time of Journey Start ............................................................................... 65
Figure 6.21 Percentage of Modal Split used in Trip to Destination ........................................................................ 66

Figure 6.22 Percentage of Trips as per Distance on Travel to Destination ............................................................. 66
Figure 6.23 Percentage of Trips as per Travel Time to Destination ........................................................................ 67
Figure 6.24 Major Trip Generation Locations ......................................................................................................... 67

Figure 6.25 Major Trip Attraction Locations ........................................................................................................... 68
Figure 6.26 Terminal Locations in Bhadrak............................................................................................................. 69

Figure 6.27 Existing and Projected V/C ................................................................................................................... 70
Figure 7.1 Housing Typologies in Bhadrak .............................................................................................................. 73

Figure 7.2 Household Surveys in Bhadrak ............................................................................................................... 74
Figure 7.3 Private Sector Participation in Housing Provision .................................................................................. 86
Figure 7.4: Existing Slum Pockets in Bhadrak Municipal Council Area .................................................................... 89
Figure 11.1: Flood Vulnerability of Bhadrak .......................................................................................................... 123

Figure 13.1: Bhadrak Planning Area ...................................................................................................................... 137
Figure 13.2 Bhadrak Proposed Land Use Distribution of Developed area -2030 ................................................. 139
Figure 13.3 Bhadrak Proposed Land Use Distribution of the Planning Area -2030 .............................................. 139
Figure 13.4 Bhadrak Town Level Proposed Facilities ........................................................................................... 142
Figure 13.5 Facility Centre Concept ...................................................................................................................... 143
List of Maps
Map 6.1: Proposed Road Network- Bhadrak ........................................................................................................... 71
Map 9.1: Locations of Main Power Stations & Sub-Stations in Bhadrak ............................................................... 116
Map 13.1: Proposed Bhadrak Planning Area Land Use Plan -2030 ....................................................................... 141
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1
Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
M/s Feedback Infra Private Limited, Gurgaon in joint venture with B. E. Consultants, Jaipur has submitted the
long term Master Plan for Bhadrak and provide vision to the anticipated development for the target year 2030 in
July 2015. In the Master Plan / Perspective Plan, broad level strategies and policies on various aspects of urban
development were provided. To translate these broad level strategies into implementable medium term
planning proposals in Master Plan is formulated within the framework detailed out in the Odisha Town Planning
and Improvement Trust Act, 1956.
1.2 Broad Objective of the Master Plan

The objective of the project is to prepare the Master Plan for the Special Planning Authority Bhadrak area for a

planned development as envisaged in OTP & IT Act, 1956. Hence, Master Plan (MP) for Bhadrak Area is prepared
taking account the structural frame available of the Master Plan considering the existing development in and
around of the Master Plan area. The problems of proper road infrastructure and drainage are dealt meticulously
in preparation of the Master Plan. The main objectives of Bhadrak Master are:
 To generate the up-to-date image derived digital urban land use map of the area using revenue maps as
the base and recent period satellite imageries using GIS technology in 1:1000 scale
 To formulate a meaningful physical development plan to regulate and guide the urban growth in the
area by 2030 AD in a planned manner as per the provisions indicated in OTP & IT Act 1956 and rules
made there under.
1.3 The Vision

The role of a vision statement is to provide a picture of how Bhadrak would develop in coming years. The vision
statement should be inspiring. It should articulate the hopes and dreams of the population and set the direction
for future planning.
The Vision for Bhadrak
“Unleash the industrial potential of Bhadrak along with administrative centre and achieving development
sustainability”.
Based on this vision the Master Plan 2030 plans to achieve the following objectives:
 Create an image befitting that of headquarter of Bhadrak District;
 Develop an integrated intra-urban transport system (MODERN TRANSIT SYSTEM);
 Create affordable housing for all;
 Bring in system in the land development process;
 Better quality of life through improved physical & social infrastructure facilities;
 Strengthen the economic base and generate employment opportunities by optimum utilization of
available resources;
 Develop as one of the most favoured investment destination;
 Conservation of natural resources, heritage and local art & culture
This vision statement is neither a prediction of what will actually occur, nor simply a wish list of desirable but
unattainable ends. Rather, it is a statement of what is possible for Bhadrak to achieve, through proper
mobilization of all the available resources (human, organizational, technological and financial), generating the
required will and making the necessary effort.
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1.4 Planning Area

The planning area of this Master Plan includes Bhadrak Municipality, 4-Outgrowths, 1 census town and 19-
revenue villages. The total planning area of Bhadrak is 8034.11. HA or 80.34 Sq. km. The details of the Bhadrak
Master Planning Area are as follows:
S. No. Description Total Area Remarks
Population (Hectare)
1 Bhadrak Municipality including 4- 1,26,960 4471.70 Including 30 Numbers of
Outgrowth & 1 Census town wards, 4 outgrowths & 1
census town
2 Revenue Villages (Rural Area) 25,576 3562.41 Including 19 villages
3 Planning Area (Urban + Rural) 1,52,536 8034.11 -
Source: Census of India, 2011 and GIS data Base of Bhadrak Special Planning Area
1.5 Planning Issues of Bhadrak Master Plan

The Bhadrak Master Plan area has been experiencing a decreasing trend in population growth rate (27% in 1991,
23 % in 2001 and 17% in 2011) since decadal year 1991 to 2011, due to inappropriate infrastructure facilities in
Bhadrak. High density urban sprawl has made its core urbanized area congested within its limited geographical
area spread on both side of South-Eastern Railways and National Highway - 16. The street system are getting
choked with unauthorized encroachment and traffic congestions, the open drainage system appear to be non-
functioning, especially during monsoons, water sources and storage capacity appear to be insufficient for all
future demand, the entire area have no underground sewerage network system, requirement of about 62,189
additional dwelling units by the year 2030 including current backlog, quantitative and qualitative shortage.
There is a problem of unbalanced growth between old and new development, partly planned and unplanned
parts of the BPA region. Moreover agricultural activities are still going on in the intervening spaces causing a lot
of conflict between farmers and real estate developers. The challenges of unequal or imbalanced growth of BPA
are to be resolved. It is clear that the leapfrog growth trends in the BPA region are creating impediments for
transforming the villages to a planned areas and thereby isolating the slow-growing communities from the
regional accessibility. If left unchecked, the pattern of development in this region will permanently affect its
environmental assets. BPA has one powerful tool to address its anomalous sprawl problem i.e. creation of a
economic zone, work places, better roads with a strong emphasis on all type of public institutions, infrastructure
and recreational nodes as envisaged in the Master Plan. Therefore the Master Plan should address the following
goals:
• Promote a strong, sustainable economy

• Provide quality housing for existing backlog and projected population
• Improve mobility, accessibility and transportation alternatives to provide for the safe and efficient
movement of people and goods
• Provide adequate community facilities, services and utilities consistent with the future land use plan
• Provide flexibility in development design and control guidelines that reflects the growing needs and
desires of the community
• Control the pace of development through availability of developable land and adequate infra-structure
• Co-ordinate efficient and effective use of governmental and non-governmental resources at all levels
to improve the quality of life for the citizens.
1.6 The Purpose of Master Plan

The Master Plan is a policy framework for decisions that affect the physical, social and economic environment of
the Town. It represents goals and strategies to guide the Town over the next 20 years. The Plan provides vision,
direction and a defined achievable future for the Town by establishing specific goals and strategies for land use;
community appearance and design; housing and neighborhoods; jobs and economic vitality; transportation;
public services and facilities; natural resource protection; open space and recreation; history, arts and culture;
10
and regional coordination. It is also the basis for taking day to day decisions on land use conversion that follow
an optimistic and hopeful long term vision.
According to the Odisha Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956, Master Plan / Comprehensive
Development Plan:
 shall define the various zones into which the land covered by the Comprehensive Development Plan
may be divided for the purpose of development and indicate the manner in which the land in each zone
is proposed to be used (whether by the carrying out thereon of development or otherwise) and the
stages by which any such development shall be carried out;
 Serve as a basic pattern of framework within which the Zonal Development Plan of the various zones
may be prepared.
Using the provision of the Act and the rules, these will comprise of:
1. Reports on physical and socio-economic aspects

2. Preparing sets of functional plans supported by maps, charts and diagrams on;
 Land use
 Traffic and Transportation
 Housing
 Public Utilities
 Environmental Improvement
 Education, Research and other community facilities
 Plantations, city forests etc.
 Heritage and Tourism
 Management of water bodies
 Financial aspect
 Administrative structures.
 Zoning Regulation with specific emphasis on natural hazard prone zone areas.
3. Investment Plan and Action Plan
4. Digital proposed land use plan translated over revenue map in GIS format.
1.7 The Planning Process

The process of developing a Master Plan required significant time to prepare and update the spatial data, maps
and information through discussion, research, public hearing and surveys. It is an iteration of various steps
starting with assessing existing condition, revising data base, developing new vision, forming various
management programmes, allocating budget and scheme implementation. All concerned stakeholders have
been involved to ensure incremental implementation of all the schemes. The Master Plan addresses the
following sectors of development within the BPA limit:
 Demography
 Economy
 Traffic & Transportation
 Housing & Slums
 Physical Infrastructure
 Social Infrastructure
 Culture, Recreation and Tourism
 Heritage and Conservation
 Environment
 Development Management
The preparation of the Plan started with the assessment of the existing conditions and accounting for the
potential resources and constraints for development. Thereafter, development priorities were set up for the
urban area taking into consideration of the socio-economic and other infrastructure needs. The formulation of
11
the Plan for the development area started after status analysis and consideration of the prime issues as
indicated in the following six stages as stated below:
Stage-1: The Plan had delineated BPA into 2- planning zones considering mainly, drainage network,
transportation network, ground water prospect, vegetable index, land use land cover, physical boundary and
administrative boundary. These 2 planning zones were then superimposed with the mouza boundaries and plot
boundaries.
Stage-2: The study of existing land use of the planning zones was carried out. After the required land use study
and analysis, the existing central functions in the various zones were identified. This helped in the assessment of
the type and quantum of the various central functions and land uses in the planning zones.
Stage-3: Subsequently identification of vacant land as well as plot wise ownership (Public & Private) of the
planning zones was carried out. Also the potential locations for distribution of land uses/central functions in the
various planning zones were evaluated.

Stage-4: The allocation of types, quantum and distribution of land uses and central functions was estimated in
various planning zones as per the Perspective Plan.
Stage-5: Consisted of the implementation mechanism with respect to legal, administrative & financial aspects.
The aspects necessarily included Fiscal Planning, Implementation Agencies, and Administrative Planning reforms
in the present setup/new administrative set-up for development rules & regulations for future growth and
development.
Stage-6: Prepared the future land use plan and their zone wise distribution and subsequently formulated zoning
regulations as per the Odisha Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956.
1.8 Structure of the Report

The Master Plan document of Bhadrak Planning Area has been divided into fifteen chapters and structured in a
sequence to organize the Plan document.
The first chapter has explained the broad objectives, purpose and the process of the Master Plan in light of the
vision for the development of the Bhadrak Planning Area, with an overview of the planning issues in the area.
The second chapter provides an overview of the Bhadrak Planning Area with respect to administrative
jurisdiction, geographical setting, topography, climate, soil, water resource, socio-economic characteristics,
nature of development and landform, chronological growth of settlement, economy, traffic and transportation,
housing, physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, cultural, recreation and tourism and heritage and
conservation. The third chapter explains the existing land use & land ownership in BPA of all the delineated
planning zones. The fourth chapter outlines the Planning Strategy of the proposed plan and integrates the
Functional Structure for the achievement of the same.
The chapters fifth to twelfth give the policies of development and sectoral plans of the various aspects namely
Population & Economic Perspective, Traffic & Transportation, Housing & Slums, Physical Infrastructure, Social
Infrastructure, Culture, Recreation and Tourism, Heritage and Conservation, Environment and Development
Management respectively, because development in a comprehensive sense requires improvement in socio-
cultural, economic, administrative and physical dimensions of a society. The thirteenth chapter outlines the
Future Land Use with the potential locations for distribution of population, land uses and central functions in the
various planning zones through the assessment of the type and quantum of the various central functions and
land uses in the planning zones. While the Fourteenth chapter deliberates with the financial implication of the
plan including suggested guidelines of resource mobilization.
12
2
Bhadrak Master Plan Area-
Overview
2. Bhadrak Master Plan Area – An Overview

2.1 Introduction
The planning process required an in-depth understanding of the planning area. Various natural and man-made
features, growth trend and distribution, etc. are necessities that have adequate insight and magnitude to the
planning issues. During preparation of this Plan, the consultant has carried out exhaustive primary surveys and
data collection & compilation. The Socio-Economic Survey Report and the Status Report has deliberated on the
study area in various forms and contexts. In this chapter, we have avoided presentation and description of the
study area to a greater extent. Only little basic information has been described here for an independent reading
of the report. The Master Plan has largely relied on the Socio-Economic Primary Surveys and the Status Report
with new surveys being conducted.

2.2 Administrative Jurisdiction
Bhadrak is the twelfth largest district of Odisha in terms of population and in terms of area it stands at 27 th rank
in state. Bhadrak district is sub divided into 12 sub districts with four urban centres. Total population of Bhadrak
district is 15 lakh and urban population is 1.85 lakhs which is 12 % of the total population. Bhadrak is the largest
town with 1.26 lakh of population i.e. 68.32% of the district’s urban population. Bhadrak’s population comprise
of Municipal population and out growth population. Administrative divisions of Bhadrak District are provided in
Table below.
Table 2.1: Administrative Setup of Bhadrak District
District Sub District Name of Town Population Share in Total Class of Town
District Urban
1,85,838 100 %
Dhamanagar 22,920
Dhamanagar (NAC) 22,920 12.33 % IV
Bhadrak 1,26,960
Bhadrak
Bhadrak (M+OG) 1,19,070 64.07 % I
Erein (CT) 7,890 4.25 % V
Basudebpur 33,690
Basudebpur 33,690 18.13 % III
Source: Census of India, 2011
2.3 Geographical Setting

Bhadrak town is located at 21°-1’ N - 21°-7’ N latitude and 86°-27’ E - 86°-34’ E longitude with an altitude of 25
metres above msl. The river Salandi divides the Bhadrak town into two halves in North-East and South-West
direction. The South-Eastern Railway line runs at the northern side of the Master Plan area with two railway
stations, namely Bhadrak and Baudpur. The National Highway-16 also intersects the Bhadrak town. The High
Level Canal, now defunct was an irrigable canal.
13

Figure 2.1: Location of Bhadrak Town
2.4 Topography
Bhadrak town is located on the
coastal plain. The town can be
bifurcated into two physiographic
divisions. The area encompassed by
Chandbali bypass, National Highway –
16, railway lines, MDR-73, High Level
Canal and road leading to Kothar is
generally up land. The contour of this
area is varies from 69’ in North-West
corner of the town to 46’ South-East.
This area constitutes the developed
portion of the town. The river bank of
Salandi is high and slopes down
towards South-East. Intervening
vacant lands are utilized for paddy
cultivation. This area is subject to Figure 2.2: Topographical Map of Bhadrak Region
water logging during high floods.
The area beyond this is follow and agricultural lands with contour declining from 49’ to 34’ in South-East
direction. Area towards North-West is slightly up-land and is suitable for industrial uses. The present Bhadrak
town is nucleated in these areas namely Puruna Bazaar, Charampa and Naya Bazaar.
14
2.5 Natural Drains and Hydrology

Salandi River is crossing through mid of the Bhadrak town which is a tributary of Baitarani River. The region is
rich in ground water availability as average water table depth is only 2 m below ground level (bgl). The ground
water quality is potable and does not require any intensive treatment. Watershed basin of the Baitarani River is
shown in Figure below.

Figure 2.3: Watershed map of Baitarani River Basin
2.6 Climate
2.6.1 Temperature
The temperature in summer season at Bhadrak is about 48° C. The summer season starts with April month and
ends with the month of June. Winter starts from end of October and remains till February month. The chilled
climate of this region can be felt easily. The temperature during winter season is generally 17° C. The month of
December is the coldest month of the year.
2.6.2 Rainfall
The monsoon season starts from July and remains as it till October end. The rainfall during July to October
comprises of at least 75% of the total rainfall at Bhadrak region. The relative humidity is generally high from July
to November. The morning RH ranges from 43 to 68 % and afternoon from 88 to 92 %.
2.6.3 Wind
The wind velocity is moderate throughout the year and it becomes stronger during the south-west monsoon.
During the south-west monsoon, the average wind speed is 15 kms per hour and it drops to 5-10 kms per hour in
October. From October to January, the wind direction is from North East to South West and the direction is
reversed during South West monsoon when it is from South West to North East. During November to February,
the prevailing wind direction is from North- North East to South- South West.
2.6.4 Soil
Broadly, the soil of Odisha may be classified as transported and residual soil on the basis of its mode of
formation. The catchment basins of the different drainage systems are dominated by granite and gneissic rocks,
which have resulted in a sandy soil. Clayey soils predominate in middle and lower reach of the drainage
channels. The coastal stretch of state is dominated by Deltaic Alluvial soil followed by Saline & Sandy Saline Alkali
soil and Coastal Alluvial soil. The Bhadrak region has Deltaic Alluvial Soils.
15

Figure 2.4: Soil Map of the Bhadrak and its Region
2.7 Water Resources

The state has 11-major river basins. Almost all the Rivers are
interstate Rivers. Major basins like Mahanadi, Brahmani and
Subarnarekha originate in other states but a significant
portion of their catchments lie in Odisha and they drain out
to the Bay of Bengal. Similarly there are other basins like
Indravati, Vansadhara, Nagabali and Kolab which originate
in Odisha but then meet their major parent basins in other
states or drain out in other states. The Bhadrak region lies in
Baitarani river basin. The Salandi Reservoir is having live
storage capacity of 556.50 MCum with catchment area of
673 sq. km. at site of Dam built over river Salandi a tributary
of river Baitarani and annual average yield of 493 million
cum.
There are also many tanks, wells, and swamps found all
over the area. Besides, there is Salandi Canal and its
tributaries cutting across the area. Many natural drains in
the area have now been converted to Nullah. The iron
content in ground water is quite high in the whole area rendering it unfit for daily consumption.
2.8 Flora and Fauna

Sal, Babul, Acasia, Bel, Siris, Tinia, Tenta, Dharua, Kanchan, Arakh
Sunari, Chankunda, Jhaun, Amba, Babula, Karanja, Debadaru, Amla,
Sijju, Dimiri, Pipal, Saguan, Tentuli, Barakoli, Jack Fruit, Neem are
the plant species of planning area. Tulsi, Bel, Amla, Babool, etc. are
the medicinal plants found in the Bhadrak Planning Area (BPA).
16
The common birds, mammals, rodents, reptiles and fishes are also found in the Bhadrak region. No endangered
species of plants and animals has been found in planning area.
2.9 Socio-Economic Characteristics

The purpose of Socio-Economic Survey (2014-15) is to arise at a socio-economic profile for the BPA based on a
household survey. This profile of statistical information aids in the preparation of the Bhadrak Master Plan.
Major findings considered include, demography, infrastructure, environment, socio-economic profile and other
benchmark information in the household sector in detail. It is not a study on merely facts and figures alone but a
need-driven and result oriented approach.

Major findings of the primary survey are:
• Majority of families in Bhadrak Planning Area belong to nuclear family (87 %).
• Major % of households speaks Oriya. The major % of households also speaks Urdu and Hindi language.
• 40% of migration in BPA is from within the state of Odisha, rest account for migration from neighboring
states and some even from Nepal and Bangladesh.
• About 95% household own their residences, and a huge majority reside in single storied houses (83%).
There are some 43-slum pockets in BPA with 53.71% of total population of planning area.
• The urban area is largely electrified (98% of total households) while 90% of household in rural areas
have electricity.
• Around 40 % household have own water supply taps followed by hand-pumps and community sources.
• No underground sewerage systems / connections.
• Average sex ratio in BPA is 981.
• Average literacy rate in BPA is 80.23
• In Bhadrak, average household size is 5, but the average household size in out-growth villages is only 3
• 69% of total households own cycles. Ownership of two-wheelers accounts to approx. 14%.
• 62% of households have been staying in the same house for more than 25 years
The above findings indicate that the people of Bhadrak and its region are culturally rooted with the soil.
2.10 Nature of Development and Land Form

The river Salandi bifurcates the town in two parts while flowing through north east to south west direction. The
south eastern railway line runs through north western side of the town with two railway stations namely
Bhadrak and Baudpur. The National Highway 16 passes through the town. The high level canal now defunct was
an irrigation canal through northern part of the city.
From a small settlement of 25,000 almost five decades back Bhadrak has grown to a municipality of more than
one lakh of population. Spatially there has not been much expansion of the city area except of addition of 5 Sq.
Km of area between the decade 1961 and 1971. As of now the total town area is 29.69 Sq. km. with 3
outgrowths in the outer skirts of the town beyond Municipal Limits.
Salandi river life line of Bhadrak divides the town into two parts in a circular manner. The town has grown along
both sides of the Salandi River banks. The central part of the city is having high density zone with major land us
under residential and commercial activities. The old city is congested with its narrow roads and lack of open
17
spaces. Majority of the middle and high groups are inhabited on the peripheral newly developed areas. the
urban sprawl has taken place in all directions but more significantly in the northern and southern directions.
2.11 Chronological Growth of Settlement

The Bhadrak has a rich heritage and history. The name of the town came from the Goddess Bhadrakali. The
temple of this Goddess is located at about 10 kms from Bhadrak town. The entire geographical area of the
Bhadrak was a part of the Kalinga kingdom of ancient times. The Kali Puja held at Charampa for seven days is a
significant feature of Bhadrak.
During the Murundas period the town developed around the South-West and South-East bank of Salandi. The
physical development was very slow and this continued till 1110 when the Ganges dynasty was followed by
Suryavamsis. During the period of Suryavamsis Bhadrak rose to prominence as a maritime and agrarian trade
centre. With the down fall of the dynasty the area plunged into political chaos. The Afghans took advantage of it
and were in power till 1592. In 1575 a large Muslim population began to settle down at Bhadrak. This marked

the invasion of Muslims into Bhadrak. From 1952 Bhadrak came under the ditches of Muslims of Bengal. The
Muslims were in power till 1803. During this period particularly from 1891 scattered settlement grew up at
Mirjapur, Isaphpur, Garadpur and Sawdabadvillages preponderant Muslim Population. This could not continue
long due to the tyranny and robbery of Marhatta Burgees. Many old settlements broke into pieces and normal
life was disrupted.
Bhadrak was annexed under British rule in 1803. In June 1804 after British occupied the Odisha, Cuttack and
Bhadrak were two administrative divisions. In 1828 Bhadrak was made the separate town with Bhadrak as sub
division. Following the colossal famine of 1868 the administration was compelled to emancipate its approach
and thereafter, stress was put on reconstruction and reorganization of the economy. In 1880 the Odisha coast
canal connecting the Hoogly at Geonkhali with the river Matai at Charbatia, was constructed to serve as a trade
route. The canal was opened for traffic in 1887. In 1891 the High Level Canal was constructed. In 1895-96 work
on the constructed of B.N. Railway line was initiated. It was completed and opened for goods and passengers
traffic in October 1899. The transport routes namely Calcutta Madras National Highway – 16, the Bhadrak-
Chandbali Road (S.H.-9), MDR-73 and communication easier and helped the pace of development.
2.12 Economy
Bhadrak has been primarily an important collection and distribution centre with a vast agro-forest hinter land.
But because of its location in the core of the cyclonic tract originating in the Bay of Bengal and causing natural
hazards in the coastal tract, its growth could not sustain and the town remained static till the turn of the
century. After the construction of railway line from Howrah to Madras the town developed as an important
transport node for the surrounding region. The transport function gained momentum with the construction of
S.H.-9 and a number of major District Roads. These gave rise to the development of trade and commerce.
Gradually administrative and institutional functions developed and the preponderance of services was clearly
perceptible since 1951.
2.13 Industrial Scenario

Bhadrak is primarily a centre of agricultural, trade and commerce activities with few industrial units. The
municipality areas do not have many industrial units excluding some small scale and household industries along
NH-16 and SH-9. There are few rice mills and pulse mills on NH-16 located within municipal limit. The only large
scale unit in the district is producing high quality charge chrome and carbon chrome in the country. The unit
even exports its product to many other countries of the world. A new port named as Dhamra Port has been
developed by L&T and TATA Steel in the district which would boost up the industrial units growth in the city as
well as in the district. Bhadrak is nearest major town and connecting route to the port via rail and road network.
18
The nearest railway station is Bhadrak which is 62 kms away from Dhamra on Chennai-Howrah line. Dhamra is
connected by road with Bhadrak (82 kms), the nearest major town on the National Highway-16.
2.13.1 Trade and Commerce

Retail trade and commerce flourishes in Bhadrak as one of the important part of the daily activities of the city’s
population. The town serves as the regional wholesale market for food grains and other commodities and also
for agricultural produce such as green peas, wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, maize etc., which are cultivated in the
rural hinterland.
2.13.1.1 Retail Sector

Currently key market commercial centres of Bhadrak are Katchari Road, OT Market, New Bazaar, Charmpa
Bazaar, Purna Bazaar and Chandan Bazaar. Apart, there are small commercial areas scattered throughout the
city area as mixed land use is prominent in the municipal area. Approximately there are 3800 big and small shops
in Bhadrak with almost 8000 people working in here. Other commercial activities observed are corporate offices,

banking, insurance, retail trading, entertainment, cinema theatres, health services, educational institutions,
hotels and restaurants etc.
2.13.1.2 Wholesale Market

Only wholesale market in Bhadrak is Bhudhwar Hatt which is agriculture Mandi. This Mandi serves not only to
the inhabitant of municipal limits but also people residing in nearby villages and settlements.
2.13.1.3 Informal Markets and Street Vendors

Almost more than 3 % of the total populations of Bhadrak Town are engaged in various informal sectors like
street vendors, weekly markets, roads side stalls etc.
2.13.1.4 Weekly Markets

Weekly markets are organized in the city in an informal ways. Budhwar (Wednesday) Hatt and RMC Market are
two major weekly markets in Bhadrak. Apart from these two markets, there are few grass root level local
markets dotted in the planning area.
2.13.1.5 Street Hawkers / Vendors

There is no specific designated space or area for the street vendors in any part of the Bhadrak Planning area.
They are generally found along road sides, footpaths and on available open spaces.
19
2.14 Traffic and Transportation

Bhadrak being district headquarter is well connected
with major towns of the state through national and
state highways. The national highway no. 16
connects the Bhadrak with Bhubaneswar, Cuttack,
Balasore, Chennai etc. There is one state highway
crossing through Bhadrak. The road density of
Bhadrak is 12.88 which are second highest among
the various towns of Odisha state.
OT roads, Katchari road, Purna Bazaar are the key
congested areas of the Bhadrak town. During the
peak hours these area faces traffic congestion.
Continuous growing number of vehicles is the key reason for creation of bottlenecks in these roads. The roads
are carrying a larger volume of the traffic against the designed volume capacity.

2.15 Housing
In urban area, over 48 % of the households live in pucca houses, but in rural areas, almost 46 % households live
in kutcha houses and hutment. Almost 95 % of households own their houses. Most people still prefer low-rise
housing, though the trend towards multi-storied apartment is very slowly-slowly catching. It is expected that in
the plan period, multi-storied apartment and condominium will have significant rate of growth in the Bhadrak
planning area. There is a growing trend of Public Private Participation (PPP) in housing with major public
agencies like OSHB and employee Housing, this trend will continue, the role of private developers in housing will
significantly increase in near future.
2.16 Physical Infrastructure

Piped water supply system in Bhadrak was started in the year 1977. Before that bore wells, ponds and lakes
were the only source of water supply in Bhadrak Town. Ground water is the only source of water supply. River
Salandi is crossing through the town however its water is not being used for drinking purpose. Presently, water is
supplying in the town at the rate of 46 lpcd which is quite low in comparison of CPHEEO standards / norms of
135 lpcd.
In the present scenario there is no proper sewerage system in the Bhadrak planning area. There is no separate
system for storm water and sewage. As a result, majority of sewage flows through open drains. Further, all the
waste water in Bhadrak town flows into the river Salandi or in open areas. The facility of sewerage is worsening
in the slums. These slums generally defecate in the open due to lack of toilet facilities.
The drainage pattern of the Bhadrak is consisting of mainly natural drains and man-made road side drains. The
road side drains and minor natural drains ultimately discharge the runoff water to High Level Canal (HLC) and
river Salandi. Water logging in major parts of the Bhadrak along river Salandi and HLC is the major issues of
Bhadrak during monsoon seasons.
Bhadrak town lacks planned solid waste management system, or at least the implementation of such a system.
The total generation of solid waste from the Bhadrak is about 20 MT per day. The municipal solid waste
generates from Bhadrak, presently, in absence of waste disposal secure land fill site, the municipality dumps the
solid waste in low lying areas along the highways and nearby the water bodies.
2.17 Social Infrastructure

The social infrastructure including education, health, religious, distributive services etc play a key role in
development of its society. In Bhadrak planning area generally all the category of education facilities i.e. Primary
Schools, Secondary School, High schools & colleges are available. The institutes like Bhadrak Institute of
Engineering and technology, Bhadrak Autonomous College, Gayatri, Hi-Tech Institute of Engineering and
Management (HIEM), Institute of technology, Bhadrak Women’s college, Prafulla Chandra ITI, Salandi College
etc.
20
The health facilities in Bhadrak are generally delivered by Government and private sectors. The major health
facilities are under private ownership. The primary health centres (PHCs), Hospitals, nursing homes, dental clinic,
dispensaries, eye hospitals, trauma centre etc are distributed in the planning area.
The Bhadrak is lacking of other facilities i.e. entertainment, recreational, sports, socio-cultural centres, multiplex
etc.
2.18 Culture, Recreation and Tourism

The famous temple of Goddess Bhadrakali is located in
the outskirts of the revenue village Aharapada which is at
a distance of 8 kms away from Bhadrak town in the
south- west direction. Another famous Akhandalamani
temple, the abode of "Lord Siva" is located in the bank of

river Baitarani, at Aradi, 37 km away from Bhadrak town.
2.19 Heritage and Conservation

The old heritage buildings located in old Bhadrak i.e. in and around Chandan bazaar need to be conserve.
Further, there is a need for a planned holistic redevelopment and conservation measures of cultural and natural
heritage of Bhadrak. The conservation strategies and guidelines need to be formulated in keeping the local
resources of the region.
21
GIS/RS BASED MASTER PLAN OF BHADRAK - 2030
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Title : Scale : 1:70,000
Legend
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Context Map of
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Special Planning Authority 0 375 750 1,500 Meters
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State Highway Bhadrak
Planning Boundary
Consultants :
Railway Line FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
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Gurgaon 122 002, Hary ana, INDIA
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
Web: www.feedbackinfra.c om
B. E. CON SULTANTS
ARCHIT ECHTURE, PLANNING, INTERIORS
A-237, Malviya Nagar,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Legend
National Highway
State Highway
Planning Boundary
Municipal Boundary
Administrative Map of
Special Planning Authority
Bhadrak
0 375 750 1,500 Meters
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Railway Line 00 Municipal Wards Consultants :

FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
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Phone: +91 124 416 9100
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3
Land Use and Land
Ownership
3. Land Use and Land Ownership

3.1 Introduction
The physical characteristics are vital elements of the comprehensive land use plan as these characteristics often
dictate how land is used. Topography, soil features and geology can create limitations to certain types of
developments, while an inventory of surface water resources, vegetation types, environmentally significant
areas, and historical features identifies those resources and areas which should be protected from development.
3.2 Existing Land Use Distribution

The existing land use study and analysis is necessary to understand and determine the forces responsible for
shaping the urban morphology of a town or city and to get an insight into the future direction in which town has
the potential to grow. Micro-level land use survey was conducted and land use was broadly classified as (a)

Developed and (b) Un-Developed land Use. The term ‘Developed’ indicates the land that is being used for the
purposes, which are urban in character including open Spaces like parks and playgrounds, residential,
commercial, industrial, public and semi-Public etc. The ‘Undeveloped’ land use has been defined as the land not
specifically mentioned above under urban use even though it may have the potential for land is considered as
undeveloped land use.
3.2.1 Land Use / Land Cover of Bhadrak Municipal Limit

Land Use provides an insight to coordinate relationship
among transportation, residential, industrial and
recreational land uses, besides providing broad-scale
inventories of natural resources and monitoring Developable
37.11%
environmental issues, including land reclamation, area
62.89%
mangrove restoration, disaster relief, water quality and Un developable
planning economic development. Table 3.1 indicates the area
areas and percentage of different uses within the
Bhadrak Municipal Limit. The detailed analysis of the
existing land use reveals that 37.11% of the Municipal
Area is developed Area while as 62.89% of the total Figure 3.1: Distribution of Developed and Non-
Area constitutes Undeveloped Area. developed Area in Bhadrak MC
3.2.2 Land Use / Land Cover of Bhadrak

Planning Area
The Master planning area consists of Bhadrak

Municipality area and 19-village Abadi area (including 4
out growths & 1 census town) covering a total of
8,034.11 Hectares. However, existing developed area is
2159.11 hectare. There is no distinct land use pattern in
the urban area. The central area of the eastern part is
heavily concentrated with residential houses, which are
also scattered throughout the Planning Area. The total
has a major industrial area i.e. FACOR and small rice
mills are located along the National Highway-16 and
small servicing units are scattered in the planning area.
Commercial uses are mostly located along the main
roads. The existence of public facilities and civic
amenities are inadequate.
22
Considering the planning area, it is revealed from the Table 2.1 that the agriculture land use (62.78%)
constitutes the major part of the area followed by residential (19.57%) land use.
3.2.2.1 Urban Area (including Municipal Area, Outgrowths & census town)
Developed area
The total Urban area is about 3722.60 hectares consists of developable area 37.11% and remaining 62.89% area
is undevelopable. The gross residential density of developed area is 92 PPH and net residential density is 128
PPH, which indicates congested growth of the town including outgrowth. Bhadrak lacks planned residential
colonies and the organic growth has resulted in urban sprawl and inefficient utilization of land. Physical
thresholds have played dominant role for shaping the urban structure of town. The major commercial activities
are concentrated in the core area of the town. The commercial land use is 2.69% of the developed area and 1%
of the total urban area. The mixed land use is also available in the urban area of Bhadrak comprises of 8.89
hectares of land area occupies 0.64% of the developed area and 0.24% of the total urban area. Under industrial

land use small scale industries like rice & flour mills are located in the different part of the urban area. The
industrial land use occupies an area of 86.07 hectares which is 6.23% of the developed area. Under public and
semi public land use the total area is 77.66 hectares. The public utilities and facilities comprises of all the service
level facilities like water, sewerage, solid waste management, power and other emergency services. The total
area under this category is 4.30 hectares. The recreational facilities in the urban area is lacking behind the
standard. At present the area of recreational land use is 5.98 hectares occupies 0.43% of the developable area
and 0.16% of the total urban area. Traffic and transportation occupies an area of 168.21 hectares of the
developable area i.e 12.17% of developable area and 4.52% of the total urban area.
Un -developable area
The un developable area is comprises of agriculture, forest , water bodies and environmentally sensitive land
uses. The total area under un developable category is 2341 hectares which is 62.89% of the total urban area. The
maximum percentage area of the land use is covered under agriculture land use, followed by water bodies and
environmentally sensitive land uses. The minimum percentage area is under forest i.e 8.50 hectare.
Table 3.1: Distribution of Existing Land Use of Urban Area (Municipal Area)
S.No Urban Area
Land Use Category Area (in Ha) % of Developed % of Total

area urban area
Developable area
1 Residential 993.24 71.89 26.68
2 Commercial 37.23 2.69 1.00
3 Mixed Use 8.89 0.64 0.24
4 Industrial 86.07 6.23 2.31
5 Pub & Semi Public 77.66 5.62 2.09
6 Public Utilities & Facilities 4.30 0.31 0.12
7 Recreational 5.98 0.43 0.16
8 Transportation 168.21 12.17 4.52
Sub total (Developed land) 1381.59 100.00 37.11
Un - Developable area
9 Agricultural 1965.03 52.79
23
S.No Urban Area
Land Use Category Area (in Ha) % of Developed % of Total

area urban area
10 Forest 8.50 0.23

11 Water Bodies 219.89 5.91
12 Environmentally Sensitive 147.59 3.96
Sub total (Un developed Land) 2341.01 62.89
Grand total 3722.60 100.00
Residential
Developed Urban area

Total Urban area
Commercial
Residential
5.91%
0.43% Mixed Use
3.96%
Commercial
0.31% 0.23% Industrial
12.17% Mixed Use Pub & Semi Public

5.62% 1.00%
Public Utilities & Facilities
6.23% Industrial 26.68%
0.24%
Recreational
0.64% Pub & Semi Public 2.09% Transportation
2.69% 71.89% 52.79% 2.31%
Public Utilities &
0.12% Agricultural
Facilities
Recreational 0.16% Forest
4.52% Water Bodies

Transportation
Environmentally Sensitive
Figure 3.2: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed Urban Area & Total Urban Area)
3.2.2.2 Rural Area
Developable area
The rural area is occupies 4311.51 hectares consists of 777.53 hectares of developable area i.e 18.03% of the
total rural area and remaining 3533.99 hectares of land under un-developed area which is 81.97% of the total
rural area. The gross density of developable area is 33 PPH and net residential density is 44 PPH. The existing
development pattern shows the segregated settlement pattern in the rural area. The percentage of land comes
under residential land use 579.33(74.51%) hectares followed by traffic & transportation land use 118.89(15.29%)
hectares and public & semi public 26.96(3.47%) hectares.
Un -developable area
Un developable area is comprises of agriculture, forest, water bodies and environmentally sensitive land uses.
The total area under un developable category is 3533.99 hectares which is 81.97% of the total rural area. The
maximum percentage area of the land use is covered under agriculture land use, followed by water bodies and
environmentally sensitive land uses. The minimum percentage area is under forest i.e 23.49(0.54%)hectare.
24
Table 3.2: Distribution of Existing Land Use of Rural Area
S.No Rural Area
Land Use Category Rural Area % of Developed % of Total

area Rural area
Developable area
1 Residential 579.33 74.51 13.44
2 Commercial 11.95 1.54 0.28
3 Mixed Use 0.69 0.09 0.02
4 Industrial 26.58 3.42 0.62
5 Pub & Semi Public 26.96 3.47 0.63

7 Recreational 6.70 0.86 0.16
8 Transportation 118.89 15.29 2.76
Sub total (Developed land) 777.53 100.00 18.03
Un - Developable area
10 Forest 23.49 0.54
Sub total (Un developed Land) 3533.99 81.97
Grand total 4311.51 100.00
Residential
Developed Rural area Total Rural area Commercial
Residential
0.86% 5.32%
4.69% 0.28% 0.02% Mixed Use
Commercial 0.54% 0.62%
Industrial
0.83% 0.63% 0.15%
13.44%
3.47% 15.29% Mixed Use 0.16%
Pub & Semi Public
2.76% Public Utilities &

3.42% Industrial Facilities
0.09% Recreational
1.54% Pub & Semi Transportation
74.51% Public Agricultural

71.42%
Public Utilities &
Forest
Facilities
Recreational Water Bodies
Environmentally
Sensitive
Figure 3.3: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed Rural Area & Total Rural Area)
25
3.2.2.3 Bhadrak Planning Area
Table 3.3: Distribution of Existing Land Use in Planning Area
EXISTING
S.No Land Use Category Total %age of %age of As per URDPFI
Existing Area Developed Area Planning Guidelines
(in ha) Area
(Developable land)
1 Residential 1572.58 72.83 19.57 45-50
2 Commercial 49.18 2.38 0.61
2-3
3 Mixed Use 9.58 0.44 0.12
4 Industrial 112.65 5.22 1.40 8 - 10
5 Pub & Semi Public 104.63 4.85 1.30 6-8

7 Recreational 12.68 0.59 0.16 12 - 14
8 Transportation 287.1 13.30 3.57 10 - 12
Sub total 2159.11 100 26.87
(Un developable Land)
2 Forest 31.98 0.40
Balance
Sub total 5875 73.13
Grand total 8034.11 100
Figure 3.4: Existing Land Use Distribution (Developed Planning Area & Total Planning Area)
26
3.3 Developable Area
3.3.1 Residential Area

Residential use covers an area of 1572.58 hectares which constitutes 72.8 % and 19.6 % of Developed Area and
total Planning Area respectively. The gross density of developed area is 97 PPH, which indicates congested
growth of the town including outgrowth. Bhadrak lacks planned residential colonies and the organic growth has
resulted in urban sprawl and inefficient utilization of land. Physical thresholds have played dominant role for
shaping the urban structure of town but the density has been primarily shaped by the infrastructural facilities.
Although town has existed since long time, the urbanization has been taking place at a relatively slow pace.
3.3.2 Commercial Area

Commercial land occupies 49.18 hectare which is about 2.3 % of the developed area of Bhadrak and 0.6 % of the
total Planning Area. Most of the commercial development is adjacent to the major streets or traffic corridors
however, most of the commercial activities are concentrated in the Central Business District (CBD) of the town.

The town lacks planned commercial areas and there is no hierarchy of commercial centers existing in it. In fact,
all the existing commercial development has come up in linear fashion. Mixed Land Use characterizes most of
the residential places with commercial activities being carried out in the ground floor.
3.3.3 Industrial Area

Industrial development is playing an important role in the economic activity of Bhadrak area. Total area under
industrial use is 112.65 hectare, which is 1.4 % of the total Planning Area. Major industrial areas include Rice
Mills along National Highway – 16, FACOR industrial area at Baudpur and small industries are dotted in different
parts of Bhadrak.
3.3.4 Transportation and Communication

Road network and related infrastructure is the most important sector for urban health. Roads act as arteries for
the flow of goods and services and dissemination of urban influences. Efficient connectivity and improved
linkages help in developing linkages between the market and the produce. Traffic and transportation
infrastructure accounts an area of 287.10 hectare out of which about 13.3 % of Developed Area and 3.6 % of the
total Planning Area of Bhadrak. The problem of inefficient road network is particularly more severe in the older
parts of the urban area where in the existing streets are highly narrow and winding wearing poor and
dilapidated physical outlook. The pedestrian movement generally squats the carriageways resulting in further
reduction of the effective road width as no pedestrian facilities exist in the town. The existing traffic
characteristics reveal a chaotic picture predominantly because of lack of basic road infrastructure, pedestrian
facilities, non-segregation of vehicular and non-vehicular traffic, inadequate parking areas etc.
3.3.5 Public and Semi-Public

Land under educational institutions, medical facilities, police stations and police lines, religious, graveyards and
other community facilities which is grouped under public and semi-public use constitutes 104.63 hectare which
is about 4.8 % of the Developed Area and 1.3 % of the total Planning Area. Out of the total 101.52 hectares
under public and semi-public land use, four major micro-level uses are religious, education and government.
3.3.6 Public Utilities & Facilities

Water treatment plants, tanks, pump houses, pipe lines, electric sub stations and Grid station, sewerage and
drainage lines, treatment plants and public toilets and other public facilities are grouped under public utilities
and facilities. Under public utilities and facilities category the total are constitutes about 10.73 hectare which is
about 0.5 % of the Developed Area and 0.1 % of the total Planning Area.
3.3.7 Recreation
Parks, play fields, historical monuments have been grouped as recreational land use and constitute about 12.68
hectare, which is 0.6 % of the Developed Area and 0.2 % of the total Planning Area. Uniformly distributed and
well-planned parks and playfields are grossly lacking. Old town lacks both in active as well as passive recreational
27
spaces. In absence of any developed are for recreational purposes, the open spaces of schools and college and
other unorganized open spaces are uses as playfield, recreational areas by the local inhabitants.
3.3.8 Un- Developable Area

Un developable area is comprises of agriculture, forest, water bodies and green belts land uses. The total area
under un developed category is 5875 hectares which is 73.13% of the total planning area. The maximum
percentage area of the land use is covered under agriculture land use 5044.23 hectares, followed by water
bodies 449.17 hectares and 349.62 hectares of environmentally sensitive land uses. The minimum percentage
area is under forest i.e. 31.98 hectare.
3.4 Ownership Pattern

The ownership of different category of land use of Bhadrak planning area is very crucial for preparation of
Master Plan document. While preparing the Master Plan, it is necessary to gather information of plot wise land
ownership. The land ownership record is important to the planners for development of Bhadrak as it is the basis

for efficient administration, aimed at social justice through better implementation of plans and proposals. The
general theme underlying the content of all plan documents has emphasized that land is an asset, which
provides the primary and secondary needs of the people. As most of the problems of the people in the villages
adjacent to Bhadrak town are due to land related issues, so to avoid these issues, it is necessary to take utmost
care in creating the land ownership database.
3.4.1 Source and Classification of Ownership

It is stated under Act 11 of Odisha Survey and Settlement Act, 1958 that the Power of Government to order
preparations of record-of-right in respect of lands in any local area in the state. The Government of Odisha has
developed a site named ‘Bhulekh Odisha land records Web Portal 'www.bhulekh.ori.nic.in' for all people to view
the Record-of-Rights. In Bhadrak Planning Area, there are 24 revenue villages, and the plot by plot Ownership of
the land, of all those villages has been categorized into five different Ownership groups. The followings are the
five different ownership categories:
1. Government Land
2. Temple/ Trustee
3. Government Reserved
4. Government forest
5. Private
The Government land category includes all those land owned by various Government departments like; revenue,
PWD, Irrigation, Agriculture, Home, etc. The Government Reserved category includes the lands Reserved and
Reserved Unused of whose kissam is mostly Bagayat (1) & (2), Basti yogya, Urban development in future, Patita,
Gochara etc; which excludes the Chhota Jungle and Patra Jungle. The land owned by Forest Department and the
land in the District Level Committee (DLC) report. It is very interesting to observe that there is almost equal
distribution of ownership between public and privately ownership of land. This implies that renewal, re-
development should start as a joint venture in near future to cater to all sort of development.
28
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Title :
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Legend Scale : 1:17,000
National Highway Water Bodies
Base Map of
State Highway Planning Boundary
Major Road Village Boundary Special Planning Authority 0 420 840 1,680
Other Road Flow Direction
Bhadrak Meters
Consultants :
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Title :
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Scale : 1:17,000
Legend
Existing Land Use of

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL PUBLIC UTILITIES & FACILITIES WATERBODIES OTHERS
Planned / Plotted Houses (upto 2 f) Market Complex / Commercial Center Waste Dump/ Dumping Ground Park/ Garden / Zoos River bed/ Sand/ Alluvium
Multi-storied Housing (>2 f)
"
T" T Light house
T" Playground/ Stadium
Construction Sites
Street/ Road Side shops/ Vending Zones Water Tank/ (OH Tank)/Pump Houses/ WTP/Pipeline Costal Sand
"
T" T Roundabout/ Parking Area/ Traffic Island
T" Planning Boundary

Project Housing / Housing Scheme / Quaters Hotel / Lodge "
T" T Govt. / Semi Govt. / Other Offices/ Institutions
T" Electric Substation / Grid Station / Distribution unit Beach Waterlogged area Village Boundary
Irregular Layout/ Varying plot size house Dharmasala/ Rest House/ Holiday resorts Medical / Health Centers Sewerage drain/ STP/Public Toilet Organized Water bodies Gullied / Eroded land Flow Direction
Clustered Settlement/ Engulfed Villages in Urban area Cinema hall/ Theater halls Educational Centers Crop Land (Under Crop/ fallow) Exhibition ground / Maidan Land with/without scrub
Slums / Squatters "
/"
/"
/"
/Auto Works/ Garage/ Service Center Library AGRICULTURE
Museum Rocky / Stoney Waste

"
/"
/"
/"
/Kalayan Mandap/ community center/ Auditorium zzz
0 425 850 1,700

Scattered house Social/ Cultural Centers/Clubs/Puja mandap etc. Monuments/ Archeological sites Marshy / Swampy area
"
!!!!
/"
/"
/"
/ Agricultural Plantation [ze
e [z[z
e e
[
Dilapitated House
!!!!Petrol Pump Fire Station Horticultural Plantation [Heritage/ Conservation areas/ Regulated Area Mud Flats
Meters
[ze
e [z[z
e e
Mixed Built-up land !!!!Dail/ Weekly hat/ Market Post Offices/Telegraph Offices/TE/Bank/ATM e
[e[e[e[Race course/ Golf course area Saltpan
Orchard/ Grooves
Bhadrak
Village Settlement Broadcasting Center / TV Centers/ Studio/Trans.Tower TRANSPORTATION Aquatic Vegetation
INDUSTRIAL Dense Forest
n
mmnn
m Farm House Major raod (N.H)
Industrial Estate/ SSI Police Station / Help Center / Outpost / Jail Open Forest Creek
n
mn n
mm
Scattered House Heavy Industry Cremation Ground / Burial Ground Major Raod (SH & ODR)
Forest/Coastal/Strip Plantation Aquaculture Ponds
Built-up Rural - Others Medium Industry n n n Temple Urban Raods(1,2,4 & 6 lane)
Degraded Plantation River / Stream
Reclaimed Land Light Industry n Mosque Metalled/ Earth Road/ concrete/ Village roads
Dense Scrub Canal/ distributiory/ Power Channel/ Mahara
Consultants :
^
n ^
n ^
Plotted Layout Cottage/Manufacture & Processing units
G
^ G
^ G Church
^ Footpath/ Cart Track
Diary / Poultry farm Lakes/ Ponds
Vacant Land within Residential Area
G G G Rail Station/ P.halt/ R. Yard/ Storage
! ! !
Ashram / Matha
. . .
Warehouse/ Storage/Godowns Mining Areas Reservoir/ Dam

Y
X
! Y
X
! Y
X
!
Bus stop/ Depo./ Terminals
. . .
Vacant Land within other urban area Hazardous industry (Chemical) Y
X Y
X Y Gurudwara
X Mining Dump Tanks/ WHS
Vacant Other (Rural) Bridge/Over Bridge/ Flyover
Industrail dumps Y
X Y
X Y Religious Centers Other
X Other mining Insfrastucture Sea/BoB
Vacant Land within Institutional area Jetties/ Port
Vacant Land within Industrial Area Brick Kilns / Quarries Cyclone shelter/ MCS Gurgaon 122 002, Haryana, INDIA
Vacant Land - Public /Semipublic use Stone / Sand / Earth Quarries
Airport/Helipad
Embankment Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CONSULTANTS
Vacant Land - Religious/Socio-cultural Use Cooling Pond
ARCHITECHTURE, PLANNING, INTERIORS

Phone: +91 141 2520296
4
Conceptual Plan
4. Conceptual Plan
4.1 Introduction
Bhadrak Master Plan has been prepared in accordance with the existing developments, issues, constraints,
growth potentials and directions. It also takes into account the vision statement to ‘Unleash the industrial
potential of Bhadrak along with administrative centre and achieving development sustainability’.
The prospects and potentials for the Bhadrak Planning Area has been identified through various primary and
secondary sources and their analysis. Issues and weaknesses in terms of physical linkages, economic potentials,
residential developments, commercial centers and growth nodes has been identified in order to address the
issues of haphazard and unplanned growth of Bhadrak.

4.2 Structure and Concept of the Bhadrak Master Plan Area
Bhadrak Master Plan is based on
a vision and has been planned to
achieve the following goals:
• Developing Bhadrak
Town as a base of
Industries, wholesale
market and distribution
centre in the region
• Create a balanced city
having important
functions such as to live,
work and recreation
• Maintaining unique
character of town by
preserving rural
characteristics, water
bodies, and orchard.
The master plan identifies the
undergoing transformations to
identify the existing supply and
to determine the gaps and
demand for the future
perspective year 2030 in Bhadrak
for different sectors and Figure 4.1 Existing Developed Area- Bhadrak 2014
activities.
In Bhadrak there is scarcity of developable land due to natural features, developed infrastructure and other
developments. Different features like existing and proposed developments, growth nodes, and transport
linkages have been taken into account for planning compatible uses. For better Planning and development there
is need for identification of best suitable potential developable lands without hampering the environment and
the quality of land. Total projected Population in 2030 for Bhadrak Planning Area is 2, 84,353 with a total
planning area of about 8034 Ha.
29
The proposed future developments have been planned considering potentials, availability of land, growth nodes,
and confirming uses. Initially missing links has been identified, potential developed lands has been earmarked
and based on the need and demand future development proposals has been planned and formulated.

Figure 4.2 Potential Developable Lands in Bhadrak
4-TIER SYSTEM:
Bhadrak Planning Area has been planned into 4 Tier System. The Tier system is as follows:
1. City Level (Planning Area) : Total Population of 2.84 lakhs
2. Planning Unit Level : 1- 1.5 lakhs of population
3. Neighborhood Level : 10 to 15 thousand population
4. Residential Area Level : 5.0 thousand population
30

Figure 4.3 Bhadrak Concept Development
Source: Consultants Analysis
4.3 Salient features of The Master Plan
4.3.1 Physical linkages

Considering the missing linkages and connectivity issues, bye pass has been planned interlinking all major roads
and connecting Bhadrak to other important destinations. Bye pass loop has been connected; connectivity to
National Highway and other important major roads has been improved for increasing accessibility within
Bhadrak Planning Area. Logistic hub has been planned along industrial development & in city outskirts. The
proposed linkage pattern comprehends a circular system that will encircle the Bhadrak city thereby defining its
boundary and will ensure that the urban areas will become free from heavy freight traffic. Connectivity of the
Bhadrak planning area within the Bhadrak region is strengthened through a system of the NH-18 and the east
coast railways, running parallel to each other. The ring roads have been proposed to improve the connectivity
with the national highways, state highways and the other major roads. Thus the internal as well as the regional
connectivity is carefully planned in order to boost the potential as an urban centre of the eastern zone.
4.3.1.1 Development Proposals

Connectivity and natural factors have formed the backbone of allocating major activities in future. Availability of
land has been a decisive factor. Land in public ownership and uncultivable and less fertile fallow land have
primarily been identified for locating new activity centres. The upcoming projects and the existing land use have
also been given due importance while distributing the major functions and activities within the Bhadrak Planning
Area.
31
4.3.2 Heritage and Conservation

Bhadrak region has a rich historical and cultural background with numerous examples of built, natural and
cultural heritage, a special emphasis has been laid on exploring the various aspects and framing various
proposals for their conservation and preservation. Besides this, the development proposals also includes special
emphasis on the Salandi Riverfront areas with provision of recreational activities at different levels, creation of
buffer areas, plantations, Ghats, etc. along the various stretches of the river front. It also includes special
guidelines for the development along the river front areas in terms of urban design inputs.
4.4 Conclusions
To summarize Bhadrak Master Plan has been formulated based on principles. Some of the planning principles
and salient Features of the Bhadrak Master Plan are:
o Balanced growth and improved quality of life,
o To develop it as the major Industrial town of the region.
o

Commercial, educational, medical and recreational facilities on hierarchical manner.
o Visualizing the development potential along the roads;
o Exploiting the potential of higher order institutions and employment generation.
o Conserving Salandi River to create city level recreational area.
o Transportation hierarchy based on Intercity and intra-city transportation network.
o Intra-city transportation such as Arterial, sub-arterial, local collector, distributor, access road, pathway
and cycle tracks.
o Zoning and sub-divisional regulations to be an integral part of Master Plan of Bhadrak.
o Taken care of shopping needs of the poor section of the people guidelines to be evolved for; informal
shopping as weekly bazaar and hawkers’ zone.
o Recreational areas, besides serving as lung spaces for the city to provide an opportunity to enhance the
image of the city.
o Concept of inter-connected green areas interspersed with recreational parks and sport complex has
been incorporated.
32
5
Demographic and
Economic Perspective
5. Demographic and Economic Perspective

5.1 Introduction
Demography is the study of human population such as size, growth, density, distribution and vital statistics. It
helps to understand population dynamics by investigating three main demographic processes in Bhadrak.
5.2 Population Characteristics

Demography contributes in understanding changes in populations, including how people inhabited Bhadrak and
growth taking place. It is essential that a good understanding of a population dynamics provide the basis for
decision-making, policy development and planning. Social and economic development processes and outcomes
are depended upon the detailed study of population characteristic of any planning area. As per the census 2011
the population of the Bhadrak Planning area is 1,52,536 persons. The socio economic survey of the planning area

is conducted for the entire planning area and household surveys has been carried out in to study the socio
economic characteristic of the planning area.
Table 5.1 Existing Population 2011- Bhadrak
Population (2011)
Rural Areas 25,576
Bhadrak MC 1,07,463
Out-growths + Census town 19,497
Total master plan area 1,52,536
The total existing population of Bhadrak

Planning Area is 1,52,536 out of which Population of Bhadrak Planning area
population of MC Area is 1,07,463 which is (2011)
about 70.45% of the total population, rural
areas contribute to 25,576 of about 16.77% 12.78% 16.77%
Rural Areas
and the out growths & census town contain
a population of 19,497 which is about
12.78% of the total planning area Bhadrak MC
population.
Comparison of Population growth rate (in 70.45% Out-growths +
Census town
%) of Bhadrak with surrounding districts
Average Population growth rate of Bhadrak
district which is about 13.94 is lower than Baleswar Figure 5.1 Existing Population % of Bhadrak Planning area
(14.62) but higher than Kendrapara and Cuttuck.
Table 5.2 Comparison of Population Growth Rate
Comparison of Population Growth Rate (in %) with surrounding districts

Districts Urban Rural Total
Kendrapara 12.68 10.50 10.63
Bhadrak 31.73 10.72 12.94
Baleswar 14.94 14.58 14.62
Cuttuck 14.80 11.09 12.10
33
5.2.1 Literacy Rate

The literacy rate in Bhadrak Planning area has increased from 73.37 5 to 80.23% due to different educational
schemes and programmes and improvement of awareness among people. The literacy rate in Bhadrak Planning
area is slightly less than the Bhadrak district literacy rate.
Table 5.3 Literacy Rate in Bhadrak
Literacy Rate (in %) (Bhadrak District Urban )

Year Literacy rate Male literates Female literates
2001 73.86 84.65 62.85
2011 79.48 89.85 73.9
Literacy Rate (in %) (Bhadrak Planning area)
Year Literacy rate Male literates Female literates

2001 73.37 70.01 56.18
2011 80.08 85.05 74.89
Source: Census of India
5.2.2 Sex- Ratio in Bhadrak

The sex ratio in Bhadrak district is much higher than the national, state sex ratio. The child sex ratio in Bhadrak is
942.
Table 5.4 Sex-Ratio - Bhadrak
Category Sex Ratio

India 940
Odisha 978
Bhadrak 981
Child Sex ratio 942
5.2.3 Population Density

Gross population density defines the extent of concentration of people in a given area. Average Population
density of Planning Area is 19 pph whereas the average population density of Developed Area within Planning
Area is 71 pph. Core areas with high population densities are Purna Bazaar area, Charampa Area and Chandabali.
The major negative impacts on the infrastructure supply in the town can be seen during the melas and festivals
due to high tourist influx and floating population which need to be addressed in a planned and regulated way.
Table 5.5 Existing Population Density
S. No. Description Persons per hectare

1 Average Population density of Planning Area
19
2 Average Population density of Developed Area within

71
Planning Area
5.2.4 Birth, Death and Natural Growth Rate

Natural Growth Rate in Bhadrak district has increased from 10.6 to 12.6 from 2001 to 2011 and it is slightly less
than the state growth rate. Rural-to-Urban Migrants (1991-2001) as a percentage of Urban Population is 10.97%.
34
Table 5.6 Birth, Death and Natural Growth Rate
Description Odisha Bhadrak District

1981 1991 2001 2011 2001 2011
Birth Rate 33.1 28.8 23.5 19.8 18.2 20.9
Death Rate 13.1 12.8 10.2 8.2 7.6 8.3
Natural Growth 20.0 16.0 13.2 11.6 10.6 12.6
Rate
Rate of Migration Rural-to-Urban Migrants (1991-2001) as a % of Urban Population = 10.97%
Rural-to-urban Migrants (2001-2011) as a % of Urban Population = Not available
5.3 Population Estimation

Population projection is a scientific attempt to understand the future population scenario by using past available
data and various assumptions.
In Bhadrak Planning area different mathematical methods are used for the estimation of projected population
for the horizon year are Arithmetic Method, Geometric Method and Exponential Method. Average of all
different population projection methods gives the most appropriate projected population of Bhadrak Planning
Area for the year 2030. . The population projection has been done as per every five year phasing 2016-2030.
5.3.1 Basic assumptions for Bhadrak Population Projection

o Bhadrak, due to its proximity to Baleswar, Cuttuck and Dhamra will not only accommodating the
spillover of population of nearby towns (as it has witnessed that city already spread in those directions).
o Intervention as impetuous to growth in the area due to industrial development near the town and
proposed development under master plan
o Rate of Migration to Urban areas has been assumed to be 15.5% for decade 2011-2021 and 18% for
2021-2030.
o Natural growth Rate in Urban areas has been assumed to be 22% for the decade 2011-2021 and 18%
for 2021-2030.
o Natural Growth rate of rural area has been assumed to be 14.1% for the decade 2011-2021 and 19% for
2021-2030.
Table 5.7 Bhadrak Population Projection -2030
Urban Rural Planning area
Year Annual Annual Annual
Population Population Population
Growth Rate Growth Rate Growth Rate
1981 60,600 - 22,612 - 83,212 -
1991 76,435 2.6 29,372 3.0 1,05,807 2.7
2001 92,515 2.1 37,580 2.8 1,30,095 2.3
2011 1,26,960 3.7 25,575 -3.2 1,52,535 1.7
2016 1,50,765 3.8 27,378 1.4 1,78,143 3.4
2021 1,79,033 3.8 29,308 1.4 2,08,342 3.4
2026 2,14,840 4.0 32,402 2.1 2,47,242 3.7
2030 2,49,215 4.0 35,138 2.1 2,84,353 3.8
Source: Consultants Projections
Note: Addition of Randia as Outgrowth and Erein as census town to the urban area population due to which decline trend
showing in rural area population
35
Bhadrak Population Growth rate 1991-2030

4.0 4.0
3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8
4.0 3.4 3.4
3.0 2.8
3.0 2.6 2.7
2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1
1.7
2.0 1.4 1.4
Growth Rate
1.0 Urban
0.0 Rural
1991 2001 2011 2016* 2021* 2026* 2030*
-1.0 Planning area
-2.0
-3.0
-3.2

-4.0
Year
Figure 5.2 Bhadrak Population Growth Rate 1991-2030
Source: consultants Projections
5.4 Economic Perspective
5.4.1 Contextual
Economy can be defined as the interrelated activities that deal with consumption and production. Different
activities that provide employment opportunities and income constitute the economic base of an area. Local
economy depends of the economic base of an area. The economic base of Bhadrak planning area is mostly
dependent on agriculture and religious tourism, industrial activities. The economic sector needs to be tapped
well and contribute for the growth of the planning area and region. Therefore the region requires strong
economic magnets for future economic development of the Region. Sometimes during religious festivals and
melas, tourist activity and non-availability of employment for unskilled population we can also see some
development in informal sector also which has been an important issue of physical planning in Bhadrak.
5.4.2 Bhadrak Local Economic Base

Agriculture is the main source of income in the district, with paddy, wheat and mung being the chief crops
grown. But many people in the sea coast areas ‘Dhamara, Chudamani of Basudevpur and Chandabali area of
Chandabali Block's also depend upon fishing. Some people in the NAC and Municipality areas have sound
businesses of hotels and restaurants. Big and small industries present in the District contribute towards its
economy. FACOR, one of the largest manufacturers of quality Ferro chrome in the country, is a big industry. AB
Electricals, Abhigoura Rice Mill and Aloknath Ice Factory etc are some of the small industries. Dhamra Port,
recently built by L&T and Tata Steel, is giving a tremendous boost to the District's economy and will also further
give in the coming years.
Bhadrak is home to FACOR, one of the largest manufacturers of quality ferro chrome in the country. There are
about 552 industrial units registered with Municipal Council and about 91% are Micro Industries and 9% Small
Scale Industries. These industrial units provide employment to approx. 60% unskilled workers and 40% skilled
workers. Other than these industrial units there is significant land under rice, wheat and pulses, which also forms
the agricultural productivity economic base in Bhadrak.
36
Figure 5.3 FACOR Industries- Bhadrak
5.4.3 Sector wise workforce participation Ratio in Bhadrak

As per the census 2011, the workers are classified into four categories agricultural cultivators, agricultural
laborers, household industrial workers and other workers. In Bhadrak Planning Area the distribution of economic
base into type of sector namely primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector are imperative to provide a
guideline for the development of entire planning area and creation of potential centers of developments.
Table 5.8 Sector Wise Workforce Participation Ratio in Bhadrak
Cultivation/ HH & Industrial/ Other Workers/

Total Agriculture/ Primary Secondary Tertiary
Year Population WFPR
Workers
Workers % Workers % Workers %
1981 83,212 6,737 8.10 4,695 69.69 140 2.08 1,902 28.23
1991 105807 7,761 7.44 6,078 78.31 815 10.50 868 11.18
2001 130,095 31,295 24.06 6,748 21.56 1,187 3.79 23,360 74.64
2011 152536 39,741 25.50 6,744 16.97 2,016 5.07 31,024 78.07
The trend of the exorbitant increase in the employment in tertiary sector is indicative of the engagement of
workers mainly in the service sector. There is a need to balance this transformation into tertiary sector as well as
primary sector for balanced economic development.
Figure 5.4 Sector Wise workers distribution
37
Table 5.9 Workforce Participation (Male – Female)
Primary Secondary Tertiary

Year/
Cultivator Agricultural laborers HH Industrial Labors Others
Category
M F M F M F M F
1981 2728 105 1425 437 114 26 1787 115
1991 4312 681 1026 59 755 60 751 117
2001 3305 132 2902 409 610 577 21313 2047
2011 3099 116 2945 584 1691 325 27347 3677

Figure 5.5 Workforce Participation Distribution (Male – Female)
5.4.4 Workforce Projections in Bhadrak

For workforce estimation the major concerns of the economic base are type of activity, employment rate, work
force participation rate (WFPR), occupation structure etc. The overall development and opportunities in a town
depend on the level of economic activities in an area. The total projected in Bhadrak Planning Area for the
horizon year 2030 is 98,102.
Table 5.10 Bhadrak Workforce Projections-2030
Year Population Total Workers WFPR

1981 83,212 6,737 8.10
1991 105,807 7,761 7.34
2001 130,095 31,295 24.06
2011 152,536 39,741 26.05
2016 178,143 50,771 28.50
2021 208,342 63,544 30.50
2026 247,242 80,354 32.50
2030 284,353 98,102 34.50
Source: Census of India and consultant estimation
38
40.00
35.00 32.50 34.50
28.50 30.50
Growth rate 30.00 26.05
24.06
25.00
20.00
15.00
8.10 7.34
10.00
5.00
0.00
1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 2021 2026 2030
Year
Figure 5.6 Bhadrak Workforce Projections-2030
5.4.5 Sector wise Workforce Participation Projections– 2030

For the year 2030 in Bhadrak Planning Area the total workforce projected in 98,102 out of which primary sector
contributes to 14,715 which is about 15%, secondary sector contributes to 23,544 of about 24% and about
59,842 of about 61% is contributed by tertiary sector. Sector wise Workforce Participation for different plan
phases is indicated in the table below.
Table 5.11 Sector Wise Workforce Participation – 2030
2001 2011 2016 2021 2026 2030

Activity Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers
In nos. % In nos. % In nos. % In nos. % In nos. % In nos. %
Primary 6,748 22 6,744 17 9,139 18 12,709 20 13,660 17 14,715 15
Secondary 1,187 4 2,016 5 5,077 10 7,625 12 14,464 18 23,544 24
Tertiary 23,360 75 31,024 78 36,555 72 43,210 68 52,230 65 59,842 61
Total 31,295 100.0 39,741 100.0 50,771 100.0 63,544 100.0 80,354 100.0 98,102 100.0
WFPR 24.1 26.05 28.5 30.5 32.5 34.5
Source: Census of India and consultant estimation
39
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Ü
Legend:
Municipal Ward Density Map
National Highway River / Stream < 50
of Bhadrak Master Plan Area
State Highway Planning Boundary 51 - 100
Railway Line 101 - 150 Bhadrak

Village Area
> 151 Consultants :
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Legend:
Village Population Density Map
National Highway River / Stream <5 of Bhadrak Master Plan Area
State Highway Planning Boundary 6 to 10 Special Planning Authority 0 375 750 1,500 Meters
Bhadrak
Railway Line Municipal Ward 11 to 15
Consultants :
> 15 FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
6
Traffic and Transportation
6. Traffic and Transportation

6.1 Introduction
Transportation is an important sector for achieving development objectives of an area. The role of transport in
enabling and directing urban development has been long. In the planning for a transport system, a number of
objectives form the base. The main objective is to enable the mobility of people and goods, faster economic
development and enhance social interactions.
The concept plan of transport system essentially consists of the road network systems in terms of their form
(pattern), hierarchy and identification of potential operating systems (public transport). It also includes location
of other components of the transport system with reference to the network configuration and in relation to
other activity use dispositions. The required traffic surveys and studies have been carried out to appreciate the
traffic and travel characteristics, for identifying issues, constraints and potentials and to work out the most

appropriate transport system for the city.
• Incorporating urban transportation as an important parameter at the urban planning stage rather than
being a consequential requirement;
• Encouraging integrated land use and transport planning so that travel distances are minimized and
access to livelihoods, education, and other social needs, especially for the marginal segments of the
urban population is improved;
• Bringing about a more equitable allocation of road space with people, rather than vehicles, is its main
focus;
• Investing in transport systems that encourage greater use of public transport and non-motorized modes
instead of personal motor vehicles;
• Promoting the use of cleaner technologies;
• Associating the private sector in activities where their strengths can be beneficially tapped.
In the context of growth of the planning area focused on religious centers and other developments,
improvement of transportation network is imperative for establishing a well-developed transport system. A
transport system acts as a bridge between places of origin and destination. It opens out a region by providing an
access to its development centers and other places. As observed in the case of Bhadrak Planning Area, the
condition of the roads needs to be improved to enhance the image of the planning area since Bhadrak District is
an administrative District of Odisha state in eastern India.
Traffic and Transportation planning has also guided the urban pattern within Bhadrak Planning Area. Traffic and
transport related issues need to be resolved for which thorough traffic surveys have been conducted on site.
6.2 Study Area and Traffic Zone

The study area consists Bhadrak M.C area (consisting of 30 wards), surrounding 19 villages, 4 Out Growths and 1
census town which are characterized by irregular, congested, dilapidated and narrow lanes.
Bhadrak is connected through National Highway 16 linking Balasore in the North and Cuttack in the South and it
divides Bhadrak Planning Area into 2 parts. State Highways connect Bhadrak to important places like Anandpur,
Aradi and Chandbali.
For the purpose of traffic survey analysis, the entire Bhadrak Planning Area is divided into 12 zones for Origin
and destination Survey.
6.3 Transport Surveys and Studies

A number of traffic surveys and studies have been carried out to appreciate the traffic and travel characteristics,
for identifying issues, constraints and potentials and to work out the most appropriate transport system for the
city and also for a realistic estimation of the transportation demand.
40
6.3.1 Classified Traffic Volume Count (TVC)

Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements, and classifications of roadway
vehicles at a given location. These data can help identify critical flow time periods, determine the influence of
large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, or document traffic volume trends.
Classified Traffic Volume Count Surveys have been carried to appreciate traffic characteristics in terms of
volume, composition, peak hour and directional split.
6.3.2 Origin and Destination Survey

Origin‐destination (O‐D) surveys provide a detailed picture of the trip patterns and travel choices of a city’s or
region’s residents. These surveys collect valuable data related to households, individuals and trips. This
information helps to understand travel patterns and characteristics; measure trends; provide input to travel
demand model development, forecasting, and planning for area‐wide transportation infrastructure needs and
services. Origin and Destination surveys (OD) have been conducted to obtain the information regarding the
travel pattern of passenger and goods vehicles.

6.3.3 Road Inventory Survey
Road Inventory survey of strategic road networks has been conducted to assess the physical characteristics and
conditions of the roads in the study area, identify physical constraints and bottlenecks, assess potential capacity
and identify the extent for its future development. The data collected in road inventory survey includes Right of
Way width, Carriageway width, and surface type, Abutting land use, Utility & services (on surface), On-street
parking and condition of drains, Trees (within ROW), Traffic Control and Management measures, and other
special features.
6.3.4 Parking Survey

Parking survey has been conducted to appreciate the parking demand and supply characteristics, identify issues
and constraints and suggest appropriate policies for meeting the target year demand. The parking survey has
facilitated information on the parking supply and demand characteristics in terms of accumulation, composition,
duration and turnover.
6.3.5 Types of Traffic and Transportation Survey Conducted in Bhadrak Town

Different types of Traffic and Transportation surveys has been conducted for analyzing the existing capacities,
issues, constraints and potentials in Bhadrak Planning Area.
Table 6.1 Types of Traffic and Transportation Survey Conducted
S. No. Type of Survey

1 Road Network Inventory
2 Traffic Volume Count survey
Mid-Block Volume count
Turning movement volume count
Outer cordon volume count
3 Parking survey
4 Origin and Destination Survey (Goods and Passenger vehicles)
5 Passenger and Goods terminal Survey
Source: Consultants’ Transport Surveys
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6.4 Transport System
6.4.1 Mode of Transportation

In Bhadrak Planning area private mode, IPT (Auto) and Bus transport system are the most frequently used mode
of transportation. Bus transport caters to intercity/state travel plying mainly on the major State Highways- 9, 53
& 35 and National Highway-16.
6.4.2 Bus Transport System

The existing facility seems to be inadequate at the time of religious festivals when the pilgrims influx is high. The
major issue for the existing bus stand is encroachments along the entry, exit, unplanned and infrastructure
facilities within the bus stand premises. There is need to expand the existing bus stand area and remove
encroachments and bottlenecks.
6.4.3 Rail Network

The South-Eastern Railway line runs at the northern side of the town area with two railway stations, namely

Bhadrak (Charampa) and Baudpur. There was a proposal for upgrading B-category Bhadrak railway station to A-
category in 2001. Major issues are damaged urinals and latrines, jam-packed booking counters, unavailability of
drinking water, dilapidated roof of station building and unhygienic station premises.
6.5 Road Network Characteristics

Bhadrak is mainly connected to other important destinations by NH-16 and State highways-9, 53 & 35. Majority
of the roads have been observed to be varying Right of way (ROW) without any medians and Pedestrian
Pathways. At some stretches, the width is so narrow that two 4-wheeler vehicles cannot pass simultaneously.
Narrow lanes are in the old residential areas. Furthermore traffic calming measures are absent in the roads
leading to uncontrolled traffic flow. There is need to propose hierarchical road network to enable better traffic
movement.
The major Roads in the Bhadrak Planning Area are:

▪ National Highway16
▪ State Highway- 9; State Highway- 53; State Highway- 35
▪ Tahasil Road
▪ By-pass Road
▪ Icchapur-Basudebpur
▪ Ranital Road
▪ Balikhand Road
Major regional roads (Lengths inside Bhadrak Planning Area Boundary)

• NH- 16 : 15.11 Km
• SH- 9 : 8.74 Km
• SH- 53 : 5.35 Km
• SH -35 : 1.67 Km
Major city roads (Lengths Inside Boundary)

▪ Tahasil Road : 0.45 Km
▪ By-pass Road : 0.93 Km
▪ Icchapur-Basudebpur : 0.52 Km
▪ Ranital Road : 0.34 Km
▪ Balikhand Road : 0.43 Km
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Figure 6.1 Major Road Network in Bhadrak Planning Area
6.6 Traffic and Transportation Issues in Bhadrak

In Bhadrak during the festival seasons like Kali Puja, Pana Sankranti, Maa Patana Mangala's festival, Khanquah-E-
Habibiah, "Shaikh Sahi Masjid, Kadam-E-Rasul, mazars and the Annual Urs pak of Mujahid-e-Millat. Many people
from all over India come to Dhamnagar for Ziarat of the holy shrine which is also known as Khanquah-E-
Habibiah attracts a lot of pilgrims commuting by their own vehicles leading to traffic congestions and
bottlenecks.
The road surface if in poor condition in most of the locations and there are no footpath or medians on the road.
Furthermore, there are no traffic control measures for controlling traffic on the road. Presence of
encroachments and bottlenecks on the roads render difficulty in the movement of larger vehicles. Hence there is
a need for widening of the main roads and planning a bye pass for through traffic passing Bhadrak.
6.7 Traffic Characteristics in Bhadrak

The traffic characteristics have been ascertained through surveys like Traffic volume count, Origin Destination
survey, analysis of modal split etc. The traffic volume count survey has been done at different locations in
Bhadrak on important roads to identify the traffic flow in the planning area as indicated in figure and finally Level
of Service (L.O.S) has been calculated.
6.7.1 Traffic Volume Count Surveys

Traffic Volume Count Surveys were classified into 3 types which are as follows:
• Volume Count Survey at Outer Cordon Point Locations

• Volume Count Survey at Mid-Block Point Locations
• Volume Count Survey at Mid-Block Point Locations
Volume Count Survey at Outer Cordon Point Locations
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OC1 - Ranital Chhak(Check post- NH-16)

OC2 - Gelpur (river bridge- NH-16)
OC3 - Madhav Cinema, Randia Road
OC4 - Purana Bazar PS Junction (Chandbali Road)
OC5 - Aradi road (Near NESCO Office)
Volume Count Survey at Mid-Block Point Locations
MB-1 - Aradi Chak to Aradi
MB-2- BDK College to S.P.Office
MB-3- Railway to Balapukhri
MB-4- Charampa to Erein
MB-5- Women College to Purana Bazar

Volume Count Survey at Turning Moment Locations
1. Chhahpulia Chhak
• Chhapulia to Bonth
• Chhapilia to bypass Chandbali
• Bhadrak to Balasore
2. Chandbali Bypass Chhak

• Bypass chhak to Chandbali
• Rajghat to bypass Chhak
• Bypass to Charampa/Chhapulia
3. Mahtab Chhak (Gelpur road)

• Mahatab Chhak to SBI Chhak
• Mahatab Chhak to Bonth Chhak
• Mahatab Chhak to Aradi Chhak
Different traffic volume count survey locations have been analyzed as per the Peak Hour Traffic in terms of PCU
and Level of Service (L.O.S) has been evaluated in terms of V/C Ratio. The map indicates Peak Hour PCU and the
V/C Ratio (Volume/Capacity).
44

Figure 6.2 Volume Count Survey Analysis as per Type of Survey and Location
Source: Consultants’ Survey Analysis
Table 6.2 Volume Count Survey Analysis as per Type of Survey and Location
S.No Survey Type Location Peak Hour PCU V/C

Outer Cordon Traffic Volume Count Survey
1 OC1 Ranital Chhak(Check post- NH-16) 1144 0.32
2 OC2 Gelpur (river bridge- NH-16) 4817 1.34
3 OC3 Madhav Cinema, Randia Road 665 0.19
4 OC4 Purana Bazar PS Junction (Chandbali Road) 1016 0.35
5 OC5 Aradi road (Near NESCO Office) 51 0.06
Mid-Block Traffic Volume Count Survey
1 MB-1 Aradi Chak to Aradi 789 0.44
2 MB-2 BDK College to S.P.Office 975 1.08
3 MB-3 Railway to Balapukhri 693 0.77
4 MB-4 Charampa to Erein 389 0.43
5 MB-5 Women College to Purana Bazar 449 0.5
Turning Movement Traffic Volume Count Survey
1 T1 Chhahpulia Chhak 1161 1.29
2 T2 Chandbali Bypass Chhak 1858 0.64
45
S.No Survey Type Location Peak Hour PCU V/C

3 T3 Mahtab Chhak (Gelpur road) 1172 1.3
6.7.2 Outer Cordon Points Volume Count Survey Analysis

Volume count surveys has been carried out at 5 different locations like Ranital Chhak (Check post- NH-16);
Gelpur (river bridge- NH-16); OC3 - Madhav Cinema, Randia Road; OC4 - Purana Bazar PS Junction (Chandbali
Road); OC5 - Aradi road (Near NESCO Office).
Outer Codon Point 2: Gelpur (river bridge- NH-16) has the highest Peak Hour PCU of 4817 and the highest V/C
Ratio is 1.34 indicates Level of Service F: indicating forced traffic flow with jammed conditions. The other Outer
Cordon locations with their Peak Hour PCU and V/C are indicated in the below table, it also indicates that there
is need to decongest the roads and propose for road widening in order to ensure free flow of traffic movement
in Bhadrak Planning Area.

6.7.3 Mid-Block Traffic Volume Count Survey Analysis
Mid-Block traffic Volume count surveys have been carried out for 5 different locations: Aradi Chak to Aradi; MB-
2- BDK College to S.P. Office; MB-3- Railway to Balapukhri; MB-4- Charampa to Erein; MB-5- Women College to
Purana Bazar.
Mid-Block Point (MB-2) BDK College to S.P.Office has the highest Peak Hour PCU of 975 and the highest V/C
Ratio is 1.08 Level of Service F: indicating forced traffic flow with jammed conditions and the lowest Peak Hour
PCU of 389 and the lowest V/C Ratio 0.43 is observed in Mid-Block Point (MB-4) Charampa to Erein indicates
Level of Service B: indicating stable traffic flow with unreasonable delays.
6.7.4 Turning Movement Traffic Volume Count Survey Analysis

Turning Movement Traffic Volume Count Surveys have been carried out for 5 different locations T1 Chhahpulia
Chhak; T2 Chandbali Bypass Chhak; T3 Mahtab Chhak (Gelpur road).
Turning Movement Traffic Volume Count Survey location at Chandbali Bypass Chhak has the highest Peak Hour
PCU of 1858 and the lowest V/C Ratio 0.64 indicates Level of Service C: indicating stable traffic flow with
acceptable delays and Survey location at Mahtab Chhak (Gelpur road) has the highest V/C Ratio 1.3 indicates
Level of Service F: indicating forced traffic flow with jammed conditions. Poor Level of Service of existing roads
indicates that there is need to decongest the roads and propose for road widening in order to ensure free flow
of traffic movement in Bhadrak.
6.8 Road Inventory

Road Inventory surveys are carried out in Bhadrak to determine the condition of existing roads in terms of road
geometry standards. Road Inventory surveys have been conducted on important road stretches in Bhadrak at
different locations for road geometry analysis. Road Inventory Surveys has been carried out on 7 different roads
which are as follows:
a) On Randia Road towards Anandapur Stretch
b) On Aradi Road Stretch
c) On Collector Road Stretch
d) On Chandbali Road Stretch
e) On Purna Bazar Road Stretch
f) On Station / Charampa Road Stretch
g) On Railway Crossing (Gelti Road)
Road Inventory survey analysis as per the road stretch is as follows:
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a) ON RANDHIA ROAD TOWARDS ANANDAPUR STRETCH

Figure 6.3 Road Inventory on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch
Table 6.3 Road Inventory on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch
ROW Carriageway Encroachment (M.)

SN Road Stretch Shoulder Footpath Median Circulation
(m) (m) Right side Left Side
Randhia Road (Main
1 Bazar Chhak To 18.6 13.9 2.7 1.5 No No 0.9 M Two Way
Collector Office)
Randhia Road (LIC
2 37.4 5.5 1.5 8.2 No No No Two Way
Office-Tax Office)
Randhia Road (Tax
3 39.6 5.5 5.2 8 No No No Two Way
Office-Rwss)
Randhia Road
4 17.7 5.7 9.4 2.6 No No No Two Way
(RWSS-Circuit House)
Randhia Road
5 (Circuit House- 10.7 7.5 1.6 1.6 No No No Two Way
Railway Bridge)
Randhia Road
6 (Railway Bridge- 20.7 6.5 7.9 6.3 No No No Two Way
Madhab Hall)
Randhia Road
7 17.7 5.2 6.2 6.3 No No No Two Way
(Madhab Pokhri)
Source: Consultant’s Survey Analysis
Survey Inferences:
47
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch are average Road width
– ROW- 23.2m; Average Carriageway – 7.1m; Average Encroachment on both side Right Side- 4.9 M & Left Side-
5 M.
Proposed Strategy:
To ensure free flow of traffic movement, considering the existing issues in the road survey inventory analysis the
following strategies has been recommended:
• This stretch needs to be widened to 4 lanes with minimum ROW 30 Mts.
• As per road inventory Road Widening is permissible on both sides.
b) ON ARADI ROAD STRETCH
Figure 6.4 Road Inventory on Aradi Road Stretch

Table 6.4 Road Inventory on Aradi Road Stretch
Encroachment
ROW Carriage (M)
Road Stretch Shoulder Footpath Median Circulation
SN (M) Way (M) Right
Left Side
side
Aradi Road (Aradi
1 20.7 5.6 2.5 12.6 No No No Two Way
Chhak-Nesco Office)
Aradi Road (Nesco
2 7.6 5.6 1.3 0.7 No No No Two Way
Office-Vinayak College)
Aradi Road (Forest
3 10.9 5.5 3.1 2.3 No No No Two Way
Department-Satabaim)
48
Encroachment
ROW Carriage (M)
Road Stretch Shoulder Footpath Median Circulation
SN (M) Way (M) Right
Left Side
side
Aradi Road (Law
4 11.9 5.5 1.1 3.2 No No No Two Way
College-Forest Dept)
Aradi Road (Vinayak
5 15.3 5.7 2.1 1.3 No No No Two Way
College-Law College)
Survey Inferences:
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Aradi Road Stretch are Average Road width – ROW- 13.8 m;
Average Carriageway – 5.58 m, Average Encroachment on both side- Right Side- 2.2 m and Left Side- 4.02 m.
Proposed Strategy:

• This stretch needs to be widened to 2 lanes with minimum ROW 30 Mts.

• As per road inventory Road Widening is permissible on both sides.
c) ON COLLECTOR ROAD STRETCH
Figure 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch
Table 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch
SN Road Stretch ROW Carriage Encroachment (M.) Shoulder Footpath Median Circulation
49
(m) way (m) Right Side Left Side
1 Collector Road 22 14.4 2 2.3 No No No Two Way
Collector Road (BSNL

2 Office-District 20.6 13.4 2 7.1 No No No Two Way
Hospital)
Collector Road
(Chandbali Chhak -
3 Chapulia 56.8 14.8 - - No No No Two Way
Chhak(Charampa
Road))

Collector Road
4 (Motel Chhak - Red 8.2 4.4 - - No No No Two Way
Cross Pr(Geltia Road)
Red Cross-Dc
Residency
5 (Municipality- 14 3.8 - - No No No Two Way
Bhadrak Womens
College)
Survey Inferences:
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Collector Road Stretch are Average Road width – ROW- 24.32m;
Average Carriageway – 10.16 m, Average Encroachment on Both Side Right Side- 2-3m & Left Side- 4.7m.
Proposed Strategy:
➢ This stretch needs to be widened to 2 lanes with minimum ROW 15 Mts.
➢ As per road inventory Road Widening is permissible on both sides.
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d) ON CHANDBALI ROAD STRETCH

Figure 6.6 Road Inventory on Chandbali Road Stretch
Table 6.6 Road Inventory on Chandbali Road Stretch
Encroachment
ROW Carriageway (M)
(m) (m) Right Left
Side Side
Rajghat Chhak To
Chapulia Bypass (D I
1 19.2 7 - - No No No Two Way
Office - Chandbali
Junction)
Chandbali To Police
2 18.2 5 - - No No No Two Way
Station
Police Station To
Yunani Hospital (D I
3 16.0 5.1 - - No No No Two Way
Office - Chandbali
Junction)
Puruna Bazar Road
4 (D I Office - Chandbali 18.5 4.2 - - No No No Two Way
Junction)
Yunani Hospital To
5 Carmel School (D I 20.1 7.2 - - No No No Two Way
Office - Chandbali Jn
Carmel School-
6 Icchapur (Chandbali 15.8 7.2 - - No No No Two Way
Road
Survey Inferences:
51
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Chandbali Road Stretch are Average Road width – ROW- 17.96m,
Average Carriageway – 5.95m, there is no Median available even though it is Two Way circulation.
Proposed Strategy:
e) ON PURNA BAZAR ROAD STRETCH

Figure 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch
Table 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch
Encroachment (M.)
ROW Carriage
(m) way (m) Right
Left Side
Side
Municipality-
1 Bhadrak Womens 9.5 6.3 - - No No No Two Way
College
2 Blue View Road 15.2 5.6 - - No No No Two Way
52
Encroachment (M.)
ROW Carriage
(m) way (m) Right
Left Side
Side
Puruna Bazar Road

3 (Municipality Chhak- 8.7 3.3 - - No No No Two Way
Womens College)
Hospital to Rajghat
4 22.5 11.5 7.5 7.5 No No No Two Way
road

Puruna Bazar Road
5 (Women's College - 12.4 3.8 - - No No No Two Way
D I Office)
Survey Inferences:
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Purna Bazar Road Stretch are Average Road width – ROW- 14.7 m,
Average Carriageway – 6.05 m, there is no Median even circulation is Two Way, Encroachment on both side on
Hospital to Rajghat road
Proposed Strategy:
53
f) ON STATION / CHARAMPA ROAD STRETCH

Figure 6.8 Road Inventory on Station / Charampa Road Stretch
Table 6.8 Road Inventory on Station / Charampa Road Stretch
Encroachment (M.)
ROW Carriage way
(m) (m)
Right side Left Side
Bhadrak
1 11.6 0.3 - - No No No Two Way
Station Road
Bhadrak
Station
2 33 10.7 - - No No No Two Way
(Charampa
Road)
Survey Inferences:
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Station / Charampa Road Stretch are Average Road width – ROW-
22.3 m, Bhadrak Station road width is 11.6 M (ROW) but the Carriageway on Bhadrak Station Road near – 0.3 m
only, there is no Median even its Two Way circulation.
Proposed Strategy:
54
➢ Bhadrak Station road width is currently- 11.6 M (ROW) and need to be widened at least 2 lanes with
minimum ROW 9 Mts.
➢ Bhadrak Station- Charampa Road stretch needs to be widened to 2 lanes with minimum ROW15 Mts.
➢ As per road inventory Road Widening is permissible due to availability land for widening on both sides.
g) ON RAILWAY CROSSING (GELTI ROAD)

Figure 6.9 Road Inventory on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road)
Table 6.9 Road Inventory on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road)
Encroachment (M.)
Carriage
SN Road Stretch ROW (m) Shoulder Footpath Median Circulation
way (m) Right side Left Side
SP Residency-
1 Railway Crossing 8.2 5.1 - - No No No Two Way
(Gelti Road)
Survey Inferences:
55
Road Inventory survey analysis inferences on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road) are Average Road width – ROW- 8.2
m, Average Carriageway – 5.1 m, Circulation is Two Way but Median is not available.
Proposed Strategy:
6.9 Other Major Roads Network Inventory Analysis

In Bhadrak other Town roads also need to be upgraded and widened for ensuring free traffic flow without
hindrances and increasing quick and safe access to different parts in Bhadrak Planning area.
The accessibility to rural villages and peripheries of Bhadrak Planning Area are through main connectors i.e. the

major roads. The emerging urban pattern and proposed developments in Bhadrak accessibility and connectivity
has a major role to play.
In Bhadrak bottlenecks, unplanned road geometry, unregulated traffic management measures are the major
causes for hindrances to traffic flow. Among different roads in Bhadrak some if the major roads that have major
problems and that are needed to be addressed are as follows:
▪ Purna Bazar Area road has low width which leads congestions and traffic jam.
▪ Station road is very narrow and encroached leads congestions.
▪ Erein charampa road also a prominent connections needs to be widened.
▪ Internal traffic movements are more oriented towards works, educational, health and government
offices. Therefore all roads connecting these areas need to be widened and upgrade.
Some of the other major roads that need to be addressed and widened and improved for better transport
network and traffic movement in Bhadrak Planning Area are indicated in the Map:
56
Figure 6.10 Other Major Roads Improvements and Widening in Bhadrak
6.10 Existing bottlenecks

Bottlenecks are the one of the main reason for hindrances to traffic movement, they decrease the effective
carriage way and degrade effective level of service of road. Therefore there is need to identify the existing
bottlenecks in Bhadrak and improve them.
The predominant bottlenecks identified in Bhadrak are as follows:

1) Railway Station Road
2) Chandbali By-Pass Chhak
3) Mahtab Chhak
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4) Purna Bazar Road

5) Chhak in Erein
6) Aradi Chhak
7) Near Municipal Office Chhak
8) Town Hall Chhak
9) Bhadrak College
Figure 6.11 Existing Bottlenecks in Bhadrak Town
Reasons for creation of bottlenecks are poor planned junctions; encroachments; on street parking;
Encroachments by shops, hawkers and vendors, high traffic movement; poor traffic management. The identified
bottlenecks need to be cleared on the existing roads for enabling better traffic movement in Bhadrak. The
overall objective of such improvements is to enhance the traffic handling capacities of the intersections,
minimize delays, avoid conflict situations, improving safety and facilitate smooth traffic dispersal.
58
6.11 Pedestrian Facilities

In Bhadrak walk based trips constitute a major percentage of daily local trips generated within the local areas for
basic needs in Bhadrak. During religious festivals and melas walk based trips are the major contributors for
movement in Bhadrak town, so pedestrian path ways become on the concerns in traffic and transportation in
Bhadrak. Therefore there is a need to develop the pedestrian corridor with adequate facilities for the
pedestrians like rain shelters, public toilets, shops and eating joints for the pedestrians. Based on feasibility
pedestrian pathways and routes need to be identified and to be planned.
6.12 Parking
Parking provisions is an integral part of planned traffic and transportation system in an area. In Bhadrak parking
provisions is one of the major issues of concern. Non-availability of parking spaces in the town is causing on
street and unregulated parking. On street parking create hindrances to the traffic movements within the town.
Parking surveys has been conducted at the following locations in Bhadrak.
1. Mahtab Chhak to SBI Chhak

2. SBI Chhak to Zila School Chhak
3. Zila School Chhak to Town PS Chhak
4. Town PS Chhak To Salandi Bridge
5. RajghatChhak to Chandbali Bypass Chhak
6. Bypass Chhak to Vishal Mega Mart
6.12.1 Parking Survey Analysis

Based on the parking surveys the total Equivalent Car Spacing (E.C.S) of all modes as per Parking Survey Location
has been calculated and analyzed. And also Mode Wise Percentage of Total Parking in ECS has been determined
to understand share of different modes in the existing parking in the Bhadrak town.
59
Figure 6.12 Parking Survey Locations in Bhadrak Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan
Out of the total stretches highest parking has been spotted near Vishal Mega Mart. The total parking survey has
been conducted from 09:00AM to 07:00 PM at various locations on the stretches indicated in the above map.
For the perspective year 2030 for organized parking based on feasibility studies designated parking spaces have
to be planned.
60

Figure 6.13 Total ECS of all modes as per Parking Survey Location
Figure 6.14 Total Mode Wise Hourly Vehicular Parking in ECS
61

Figure 6.15 Mode Wise Percentage of Total Parking in ECS
Figure 6.16 Time Wise (Hourly) Percentage of Total Parking in ECS
6.12.2 Proposed Parking Policy

The recommended parking policy for the town should have the following salient features as per the National
Urban Transport Policy (NUTP)-2006:
• Preferential allocation of parking space(s) for public transport vehicles and non-motorized modes of
transport;
• Levy of graded scale of parking fee representing truly the value of the land occupied;
• Development of efficient accessibility to parking lots;
• Encourage to go in for electronic metering for better realization of parking fee;
• Development of underground parking in green areas (considering the social acceptance of the people);
• Development of multi-level parking complexes in city centre(s);
• Encouraging people to use public transport to reach city centre(s);
• Development of parking lots on PPP format for reducing burden on public funds.
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6.13 Origin and Destination

In order to understand the movement pattern of the traffic, Desire Line Diagram (DLD) has been prepared. From
desire line analysis, the maximum movement of passenger and goods will be determined, through traffic analysis
and modal share will be determined in Bhadrak. Total 12 zones has been delineated in Bhadrak Planning Area,
accordingly desire line diagram has been constructed.
6.13.1 Passenger Vehicles
Figure 6.17 Desire Line for Passenger Vehicles in Bhadrak
Zone 1 (MC area), 7, 8, 11 and 12 are the main zones with highest trip interactions in terms of attractions and
generations. Therefore there is need to plan for through traffic and not enabling the through traffic to enter the
town core and thereby avoiding traffic congestions in Bhadrak town area
63
6.13.2 Goods Vehicles Desire Line Diagram

Similar to passenger vehicles, goods vehicles have also been surveyed for determining desire line diagram. The
trip attractions and generation zones based on the no of interactions the following desire line diagram has been
prepared.

Figure 6.18 Desire Line for Passenger Vehicles in Bhadrak
The major trip interacting zones are zone 8 and zone 11 followed by zones 8 & 1 and zones 1 &12 as per the
Origin and Destination Surveys conducted in Bhadrak Planning Area.
6.14 Household Trip Characteristics

Household survey was conducted for the 4,302 numbers of households including the urban area and rural area.
From these surveys Household trip analysis has been carried out.
Purpose of Trips to Destination
64

Figure 6.19 Percentage of Purpose of Trips to Destination
In MC, Villages & Out Growths majority of the trips are for work purpose followed by Education. Least
percentage of trips are for social and shopping purpose
Time of Journey Start
Figure 6.20 Percentage of Trips as per Time of Journey Start
In MC, Villages & Out Growths majority of the trips starts between 08:00 AM-09:00 AM and in Villages and
Outgrowths due to agricultural activities and more distance of work place there is considerable percentage of
trips between 06:00-08:00 AM.
Modal Split used in Trip to Destination
65

Figure 6.21 Percentage of Modal Split used in Trip to Destination
In MC, Villages & Out Growths majority of the trips are by walk and cycle, reflects the vehicular ownership.
Trips as per Distance on Travel to Destination
Figure 6.22 Percentage of Trips as per Distance on Travel to Destination
In Villages and Outgrowths the distance of work place is much higher than that of MC area.
Trips as per Travel Time to Destination
66
Figure 6.23 Percentage of Trips as per Travel Time to Destination

Majority of the trips takes around 30 minutes for journey time in the entire planning area of Bhadrak.
6.14.1 Major Trip Generation Locations

Major trips that are generated from different locations as per the household survey have been mapped for
understanding the movement of people at household level in Bhadrak.
Figure 6.24 Major Trip Generation Locations
Similar to trip generation locations even trip attraction zones has also been mapped.
67

Figure 6.25 Major Trip Attraction Locations
6.15 Terminals
Different surveys have been conducted like Types of Goods Vehicles, Goods/ Commodities Types at different
terminals.
Terminal Surveys has been conducted at the following locations
• Charampa Truck Terminal

• Bhadrak railway Station
• Baudpur Railway Station
• New Bus Terminal
• Old Bus Terminal
Some of the major issues and problems associated with the terminals are poorly planned intersections and
junctions which needs to be developed; encroachments, hawkers and vendors, on street parking and
bottlenecks.
68

Figure 6.26 Terminal Locations in Bhadrak
6.16 Proposed Transportation Network

Adequate transportation infrastructure is prerequisite for economic development as inadequate infrastructure
deters the economic development. The transportation system of the town needs to be revitalized to fully exploit
the developmental potential of the town as well as growth potential of the region. The Master Plan envisages
infrastructure for residents and pilgrims with proper hierarchy and status consistent with the traffic demand. All
the road dimensions including carriageway, right of way and footpaths have been proposed as per the
forecasted traffic. All the road dimensions have been arrived at on scientific basis from existing traffic volume
and using growth rate. Street system has been classified based on IRC standards which give the classification of
urban road system as arterial streets, sub-arterial streets, collector/ distributer streets and lanes. Intersections
have been proposed to be developed on synchronized signal system so that there are minimum interruptions to
traffic. The Master Plan proposes the provision of street furniture consistent with the status of roads. The
circulation pattern plans to reorganize arterial street system through the concept of control points connecting
religious and recreational spots, commercial, industrial, residential and government offices for appropriate
accessibility.
6.16.1 Estimated V/C for the year 2030

V/C has been estimated and projected for the year 2030. The above values in the below map indicate the
estimated V/C and the below values indicate the existing V/C values in the existing road network.
69

Figure 6.27 Existing and Projected V/C
The Master Plan Bhadrak -2030 proposes a network of bye pass loop, new sub arterial, local and access roads,
besides improving access linkages within the existing town limits as reflected in the proposed Land Use Plan. The
basic objective behind the proposed Transportation Network is to improve connectivity within the Planning area
by developing missing links across existing development. The Transportation Network Plan has been devised to
improve the efficacy of proposed land use model by way of providing efficient linkages to functional areas, and
establish a balanced and harmonized land Use pattern in Bhadrak planning area.
70
The existing roads are proposed to be upgraded in terms of ROW, capacity and other geometrics. The new roads
need to be planned and designed for a higher level of service. Within the core area, the roads will lose their
characteristics and are to be developed as all-purpose roads.
Map 6.1: Proposed Road Network- Bhadrak
71
444000 .000000 448000 .000000 452000 .000000
re
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2328000 .000000
2328000 .000000
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2324000 .000000
2324000 .000000
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444000 .000000 448000 .000000 452000 .000000

Ü
Legend: Transportation Waterbodies
Major raod (N.H)
Aquaculture Ponds
Existing Road Network of
Major Raod (SH & ODR) River / Stream
Urban Raods(1,2,4 & 6 lane)
Canal/ distributiory/ Power Channel/ Mahara

Metalled/ Earth Road/ concrete/ Village roads Reservoir/ Dam
Footpath/ Cart Track 0 375 750 1,500 Meters
Tanks/ WHS
Rail Line Sea/BoB Bhadrak
Rail Station/ P.halt/ R. Yard/ Storage
Bus stop/ Depo./ Terminals Others Consultants :
"
T"T Roundabout/ Parking Area/ Traffic Island
Bridge/Over Bridge/ Flyover
"
T"T Jetties/ Port
Planning Boundary
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Airport/Helipad Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA
Phone: +91 141 2520296
7
Housing and Slums
7. Housing and Slums

7.1 Introduction
The increasing level of urbanization has created the stress on housing sector in Bhadrak. Housing is one of the
basic services, which is to be provided for better quality of life, shall be given the importance in the master plan.
As indicated by the last two decades of demographic data, it can be seen that there is an increase of population
from 1991-2011 which will have implications on housing need and new future developments and demand for
availability of land. In Bhadrak the overall pattern of housing is guided by the road network, availability of land,
growth nodes and developments. Besides this the cultural and social factors determines the settlements
pattern.
7.2 Household Size

In 1971 Census a household was defined as 'a group of persons who commonly live together and would take
their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so'. As per
Census 2011, the average HH size in Bhadrak Urban Area has been found to be 4.9 while in rural areas it has
been found to be 5.3. In urban areas of Bhadrak the household size is less than that of rural areas due to
migration of family members to other locations for employment opportunities.
Table 7.1 Urban and Rural Population, HH size and no. of Households in Bhadrak Planning Area
Urban Rural
Year Population HH Size No. of Households Population HH Size No. of
Households
2001 92,515 6.0 15,338 37,580 5.5 6,869
2011 1,26,960 4.9 25,873 25,576 5.3 4,789
2016* 1,50,765 4.8 31,409 27,378 5.0 5,476
2021* 1,79,033 4.8 37,299 29,308 5.0 5,862
2026* 2,14,840 4.5 47,742 32,402 4.8 6,750
2030* 2,49,215 4.5 55,381 35,138 4.8 7,320
Source: Census of India Note: * Projected figures
7.3 Existing Scenario and Trends

The existing situation, trend, typology of various category of housing stock available in the Bhadrak Planning
Area are studied by conducting primary surveys i.e. Socio-economic survey and reconnaissance of the planning
area. The primary socio-economic survey was conducted for the 4,314 numbers of households including the
urban area and rural area.
7.4 Residential Density

Residential density has a significant role in estimating the level of development and the land requirement in an
area. It would give an idea for accommodating the projected population and the form of an area. In Bhadrak the
gross residential density has been assessed considering the population and the residential land use. As per 2011
the total residential area covers an area of 1572.58 ha constituting 72.8 % of the developed area and 19.6 % of
the planning area. In 2011 the gross density is 19 pph and net residential density is 71pph, as per 2030 the net
the proposed residential area is 2045.31 ha constituting residential density of 139 pph and gross density will be
75 pph.
72
Table 7.2 Residential Density in Bhadrak Planning Area
Existing 2011 Projected 2030

Total Area (in ha) 8034.11 8034.11
Developed Area (in ha) 2159.12 3787.61
Residential Area (in ha) 1572.58 2045.31
Population 152536 284353
Developed area density(in pph) 71 75
Residential Density (pph) 97 139
Source: Census 2001 & Consultants Estimation
7.5 Orissa’s Housing Condition

The 2001 housing Census data reveal that in our State there exists 98,73,029 number of Census houses. It is
noteworthy; to mention here that Census house does not necessarily implies a building. It can be building or a

part there of, having separate entrance or use or having a separate household. The total number of households
in Orissa is 78,70,127. This excludes the houseless people who do not reside in any Census house. The total
portion of fully or partly residential houses in Orissa comes to about 76.59 percent which is just above the
national average of 75.14 percent. Compared to the national figure the non-residential houses in Orissa are
19.22 percent against 18.52 percent and vacant houses are 4.18 percent against 6.35 percent. Among the
districts Subarnapur has the maximum portion of residential houses of 81.58 percent, followed by Bolangir 80.79
percent, while Bhadrak has only 69.72 percent of houses are residential.
7.6 Housing in Bhadrak

Housing scenario in Bhadrak can be classified into the following types based on nature, trend and condition of
housing.
1. New Townships
2. Group Housings
3. Plotted Housing
4. Core/Old Structures
5. Slums
Figure 7.1 Housing Typologies in Bhadrak
7.7 Household Survey Analysis

Household Survey works were started from June, 2014 and were concluded on October 5, 2014.
Supervisor and coordinator were also assigned to check the quality and consistency of the collected data.
73
Household Survey
Door to door household survey has been conducted in the entire Bhadrak Planning Area. The survey was
conducted for the 4,302 numbers of households including the urban area and rural area.

Figure 7.2 Household Surveys in Bhadrak
Table 7.3 Household Survey Profile
No of No of HH/ No of Persons Avg No. of

Average no of
S.No Planning Area Wards/ Survey Households in
Male Female Total Persons/HH
Villages Samples Dwelling Unit
1 MC Wards 30 3020 8348 7441 15789 5 1
2 Rural Villages 21 1027 2511 2273 4784 5 1

Out Growth
3 3 255 5 74 464 1038 3 1
Villages
Total 54 4302 11433 10178 21611
Source: Consultants Enumeration & Analysis
7.7.1 Household Characteristics and Primary Survey Analysis

Household Surveys has been analyzed in terms of: Male & Female Population; Average No of Persons/HH;
workers & Non-Workers; Household Income; Vehicle Ownership; Age of Structure; Average Distance of
Infrastructure Facilities Availability; Predominant Infrastructure Related issues to understand the household
characteristics and patterns in Bhadrak Planning Area.
74
Male & Female Population: %age of Male & Female Population

Out of the total survey
60 53 53 55
population of about 21611 52
47 47 48
50 45
females account to 10178 and
males account to 11433 40
therefore the Percentage of 30
Males & Females as per HH 20
Survey analysis is ranging 10
between 52-55% males and 45-
0
48% females in the entire Total Population MC Rural Villages Out Growth
Bhadrak Planning Area. Villages
%age of Male %age of Female

Average No of Persons/ HH
Average Household Size
In Bhadrak the Average 6
Household size is 5, but the HH 5 5
size in Out Growth villages is 5
only 3, this may be due to 4
dispersed settlements and 3
division of family for purposes 3
like education, employment
2
etc.
1
0
MC Wards Rural Villages Out Growth Villages
Workers & Non-Workers

From the primary survey, survey population has been analysed in terms of workers and non-workers.
%age of Workers&Non-Workers in %age of Workers in MC, Rural Villages &

Survey Population Out Growth
%age of Workers in 4
Survey Population MC
31 21
Rural Villages
69
%age of Non- 75
Workers/ Out Growth Villages
Dependents in
Survey Population
75
In Bhadrak out of the total Survey

Population only about 31% are workers %age of Non-Workers in MC, Rural Villages
and 69% are either non workers or & Out Growth
dependants. More percentage of non-
workers is due to low employment 5 MC
opportunities, lack of proper educational
23
skills and due to large HH size, dependants
is more. Rural Villages
72 Out Growth
Villages

%age of Workers & Non-Workers in %age of Workers & Non-Workers in
MC Rural Villages
%age of Workers
%age of Workers
32 36
64 %age of Non-
68 %age of Non- Workers/
Workers/ Dependents
Dependents
%age of Workers & Non-Workers in Out

Growth Villages More percentage of non-workers is due to low
employment opportunities, lack of proper
educational skills and due to large HH size and
%age of Workers dependants is more. In Rural Villages the %age of
29 workers is more due to low HH size and in Out
Growths the dependant population is more.
%age of Non-
Workers/
71
Dependents
Occupational Wise Workers in MC, Villages & Out Growth
76

In Bhadrak out of the total Survey Population Maximum %age of population is engaged in Business activity (44%)
and followed by self-employed (18%) and Service (17%). Less %age of population is engaged in professional
activities (4%) and unskilled labours (15%) due to low educational facilities and also migration.
Total Distance Travelled to Work Place

Due to presence of residential houses near to workplaces approx. 80% workers travel a distance between 0-5 Km
for their work place indicating that they engaged in local activities and approx. about 11% travel 6-10 kms.
%age of Workers as per Total Distance Travelled

to Work Place
0 - 5 km.
7
1
6 - 10 km.
11
0
11 - 15 km.
16 - 20 km.
80 More than 20
km.
77
Mode of Travel to Work Place

%age of Total Workers as per Mode of
In relation to the Distance to work place analysis
Travel to Work Place
mode of travel to work place is mostly either by walk
Walk or cycle. Cycle constitutes approx. 56% of travelling
2 32
03 19 Cycle Mode. The percentage of Total Workers as per
15 Two wheeler Mode of Travel to Work Place is indicated in the
below graph.
Car
Bus
3 Wheeler
56 Rickshaw
Others
78
%age of Average Household

Household Income Analysis: monthly Income (Rs) of Total HH
Upto 10000
Economic activity reflects the average monthly HH 5 11
5
income major percentage of HH has Average HH 7 11000 -
income up to 10000 and between 11000-20000. Since 20000
Average monthly HH income is less than 10,000 hence 20000 -
14 30000
expenditure and savings also in the same scale. 30000 -
67
40000
40000 -
50000

Mode Wise Vehicle Ownership

As per Survey analysis of the total vehicle ownership maximum accounts to cycle, approx. about 69% own cycles
and ownership of two-wheelers accounts to 14%.
%age of Mode Wise Vehicle

Ownership Car/ Jeep
221
14 Two Wheeler
4
1 Three
7 Wheeler
Tractor
69 Bus
79

Parking Facility Analysis

In Bhadrak parking is one of the main issues in
%age of Total HH having Parking
residential and commercial areas. As per the
Facility
household survey analysis it has been determined
that in MC area, approx. 60% HHs do not have
parking facility, in rural HHs also approx. 60 % HHs
With Parking
Facility
do not have parking facility and due to large plot 49 51
sizes in Out Growths there is space for parking.
No Parking
Facility
80
Total HH in terms of No of Years Stay in Bhadrak

From the primary household survey analysis total %age of Total HH interms of No of
households were analysed in terms of duration of stay Years Stay in Bhadrak
in Bhadrak. From the survey analysis it has been 2111 Less than 5
revealed that households in terms of no of years stay yrs
in Bhadrak majority are more than 25 years and have 6 - 10 yrs
been shifting to nearby places for employment.
11 - 15 yrs
16 - 20 yrs
95

Condition of Structure Analysis

Condition of structures plays an important role is
estimating housing planning. As per the survey analysis In %age of Total HH as per
MC %age of Pucca households is more of about 48%. Due Condition of Structure
to income levels and rural character in villages and out
Pucca
growths %age of kuccha and semi-pucca is more. In the
outgrowths and villages houses are kuccha as per the 40
local housing conditions. In MC, Rural Villages and Out 45 Semi-
Growths more than 90% of the total HH are owned and Pucca
very less %age are of rented. Most of them have their
ancestral lands due to which owned households are in 14
majority.
81

Age of Structure Analysis

Age of structures plays an important role in %age of HH as per Age of the Structure (in
determining the structural stability. years)
Majority of the HH structures are new
ranging between 0-10 and 11-20 years in 6 1 16 0-10
8
MC area. In out Growths majority of them
are old structures ranging between 21-30 11-20
and 31-40 years.
26 22 21-30
31-40
21
%age of Total HH as per Type of Family
Household as per type of Family 13 Nuclear (%age

Based on the criteria “if a HH has parents along with at of Total HH)
least 1 non-working son then it would be considered as Joint Family
Nuclear family”, the maximum percentage of the HH in (%age of Total
the planning area are of Nuclear in type. HH)
87
82

Type of Sanitary System
From the primary household survey %age of Total HH as per Type of Sanitary
facilities/ System used
analysis it has been revealed that Sanitary
Sewer sytem
System in Bhadrak, Majorly Septic Tank 0
and Others (Open Defecation) mostly in Septic Tank
rural areas.
38 Wet pit
44
Dry pit
Community
toilet
1 6 10 Other
83
Ownership Pattern:
In MC, Rural Villages and Out Growths more than 90% of %age of Total HH as per Tenancy
the total HH are owned and very less %age are of 5
rented. Most of them have their ancestral lands due to
which owned HH are in majority. Owned
Rented
95

Table 7.4 Average Distance of Infrastructure Facilities Availability

In Bhadrak in MC area the average distance of facilities availability is less when compared to rural villages and
out growth. Facilities like Hospitals, College, schools and markets are at far with more than 2.5 Km. Facilities like
dispensary, parks, transport are absent in rural villages and Out Growths
Table 7.5 Predominant Infrastructure Related Issues
Water Power Hygiene/ Polluting Safety

Planning Road
S.N (quality/ (frequency, living Parking Education Commercialization household and
Area Access
quantity) wattage) conditions industries security
1 MC
Rural
2
Villages
Out
3
Growths
84
Issues in regard to Infrastructure facilities like Power, Hygiene, Parking, Road access are predominant in all areas
of Bhadrak Planning Area. In Out Growths there are issues in regard to all infrastructure facilities. In Municipal
area issues are in regard to: Water Quality, Power, Hygiene, Parking and Roads.
7.8 Housing Demand – Bhadrak Planning Area-2030

The Planning area comprises of approx. 40% pucca Houses, 15% semi puccha houses and 45% katcha houses. It
is projected that in the next 20 years, the urban area would have an approx. household size size of 4.5 and rural
area will also urbanize leading to smaller HH size of 4.8.
It has been projected the total housing demand in Bhadrak Planning Area for the year 2030 would be 62,701.
The total projected housing demand in Bhadrak Planning Area has been projected in 5 year phases.
Table 7.6 Housing Demand for the horizon year -2030
Year Population Housing Demand

2011 1,52,536 -
2016* 1,78,143 36,885
2021* 2,08,342 43,160
2026* 2,47,242 54,493
2030* 2,84,353 62,701
Housing Demand
80000 62701
54493
60000 43160
36885
40000
20000
0
2016* 2021* 2026* 2030*
7.9 Orissa State Housing Board

The Orissa State Housing Board came in to existence in the year 1968 by an Act of State Legislature, with prime
objective of providing affordable shelters both in urban and rural areas, to cater to the acute shortage of
housing in the State.
Salient feature of the Housing Projects of the Housing Board are:
• Litigation free land in prime locations.

• Affordable easy installment payment for allottees
• Opportunity to stay in a colony of choice determined by socio-cultural aspirations.
• Well-planned infrastructure facilities such as Neighborhood development, Schools, Hospitals Parks,
Shopping Complexes, etc.
Bhadrak Housing Plots Scheme and Nagar Palika Plots Patta Scheme has been launched in 2014.
85
Table 7.7 Completed Housing/Commercial Projects by SPA Bhadrak:
S. Year of Year of Name Name of the Projects/ Floors No. of

No commencement Completion of the Schemes Shops
Dist.
1 1985 1987 Bhadrak OT Road Shopping Scheme G.F 19
(Ph-I), Bhadrak (In front of F.F 19
Shree Loknath Temple) S.F 4
(Ph-II), Bhadrak (Near F.F 12
Chandbali Bye Pass)
(Ph-III), Bhadrak (Near F.F 11
Collectorate Bhadrak) S.F 11

S. Year of Year of Name Name of the Projects/ Category No. of
No commencement Completion of the Schemes Houses
Dist.
4 1985 1990 Bhadrak Composite Housing Scheme EWS 34
at Gabasahi, Bhadrak LIG 59
MIG 26
Source: SPA, Bhadrak
7.10 Proposed Housing Policy

The main objective of the housing policy for Bhadrak
Planning Area is not only to meet the housing demand by
horizon 2030 but also to improve the residential
conditions at large. In view of this, Master Plan proposes
development of residential neighborhoods having
adequate facilities within walk able distance. Design
considerations require better planning.
Figure 7.3 Private Sector Participation in Housing

Provision
Private sector Participation
Privatization must be encouraged by participation of individuals and developers in the house building activities.
The local administration could provide land with offsite and on-site physical and social infrastructure and the
private entrepreneurs could invest in house building. . In principles, housing has four distinct components for its
development i.e., Land Assembly, infrastructure provision, building construction and post occupancy
management. The above diagram gives an idea how these activities should be distributed amongst the
Government, private and cooperatives making the Government a facilitator for housing development.
Role of Government
Government has to play proactive role of promoting the housing industry by regulatory measures and acting as a
watch-dog rather than fully involving its organs in the provision of shelter to the town inhabitants. The
magnitude of housing shortage is enormous and the State on its own cannot provide the housing stock.
Government will limit its role to development of serviced land and subsequently its release to private developers
and Cooperative Societies on premium equivalent to the cost of land plus marginal profit with only advisory and
regulatory role in the development of housing industry.
86
Housing of Different Income Categories

The Master Plan recommends identification of priorities in dealing with different segments of the population.
Out of the total demand, income category wise demand has been given in fixing the priority in dealing with
different segments of the population: H.I.G. and M.I.G. dwelling units shall be provided with only developed land
at market price to cross subsidize the housing for E.W.S./L.I.G.
Table 7.8: Distribution of Housing supply in income categories
S. No. Category *Monthly Income (Rs) % of Total

1 EWS Below Rs. 3300 10
2 LIG Rs. 3301 - 7300 25
3 MIG Rs. 7301 to 14500 50
4 HIG Above Rs. 14500 15
Source: Consultant’s Analysis

Group Housing Schemes
To meet the housing demand by 2030, based on the need housing colonies or townships can be developed
.Economies of scale are favorable to large colonies because of reduced per capita on investment on
infrastructure and services development in large colonies. The Master Plan also envisages smart growth of the
city to overcome the scarcity of land and regulate sprawl of urban development in rich agricultural hinterland.
Urban Village
The peripheral village settlements, which have been incorporated in the Planning Area of Bhadrak, are going to
be part of its proposed Urban Area Limits during the process of its expansion. The settlements having a
completely different life-style for centuries are now getting merged into urban environment and need a sensitive
approach in the planning and development process. At present these settlements do not conform to any urban
character and need an ‘Action Plan’ for extension of water supply, sewerage and drainage facilities and other
basic urban amenities and efficient linkages with the main city. The settlements should get the modern services
and amenities and should also be catered for their traditional cultural styles.
7.11 Slums
The Census of India, 2001 has proposed to treat the following as ‘Slum’ areas:
• All areas notified as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government and UT Administration under any Act;
• All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by State/Local Government ad UT Administration which have not been
formally notified as slum under any Act;
• A compact area of at least 300 populations or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested
tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper
sanitary and drinking water facilities.
Urban areas have potential to provide employment to a vast multitude, and attract a large number of people.
Many of them stay in slum colonies for the lack of a better alternative.
Slum-dwellers stay in shanty structures in unhygienic environment, not by choice but by compelling
circumstances as they were thrown out of the formal housing sector, the latter being expensive and much
beyond their income levels.
Indicators of Slum are:

i. Unhygienic environment
ii. Land Encroachments
iii. Unplanned and unregulated developments
iv. Poor and inadequacy of basic infrastructure
v. Temporary and kuccha structures
vi. Non Confirming Uses
87
7.11.1 Existing Slums in Bhadrak

In Bhadrak there are 43 slum pockets as per the survey conducted by MC, in which about 57,823 slum
populations resides in these slum pockets. There is need for planning and improvement of infrastructure
facilities within the slums and they need to be regularized and unauthorized constructions to be demolished.
Among these slums the prominent slums are Sankarpur, Kuansh, Bagurai and Yousufpur.
Table 7.9 List of Identified Slums and Slum Population in Bhadrak-2004
SI. No. Name of Slum Area Ward No. Population of Slum Area
1 Munda Sahi 1 450
2 Bidanga 1 447
3 Barala Pokhari 2 2235
4 Nuapokhari 3 111
5 Dagarasahi 4 979

6 Telengapati 4 526
7 Kantapal 5 1923
8 Adibasi Colony 5 482
9 Mathasahi 6 698
10 Sahapur 7 555
11 Adibasi Colony(Bagurai) 8 491
12 Bagurai 8&9 3150
13 Adibasi Colony 10 500
14 Naripur 11 2201
15 Hazari Nagar 12 1166
16 Elkha 13 492
17 Santhia 14 1441
18 Kuansh 15 & 16 3434
19 Yousufpur 17 & 21 2893
20 Patnasahi 18 1368
21 Baliorada 17 & 18 1950
22 Kajisahi 19 855
23 Sankarpur 19 ,20 & 21 6910
24 Chhadak Mohalla 22 1215
25 Dak Choukia Mohalla 22 1194
26 Nunia Mohalla 23 729
27 Mirzapur 23 1429
28 Allalpur 24 1282
29 Nathasahi 24 & 25 1123
30 Bhuyan Mohalla 25 1211
31 Mira Mohalla 25 607
32 Pathan Mohalla 25 487
33 Banka Mohalla 26 959
34 Babusahi 26 920
35 Bhatt Mohalla 26 508
36 Kazi Mohalla 27 2795
37 Dhanotolla 28 1713
38 Nuasahi 28 1411
39 Durgapur 29 1476
88
SI. No. Name of Slum Area Ward No. Population of Slum Area
40 Gardapur 29 1549
41 Uttarbahini 30 463
42 Balipatna 30 740
43 Kelasahi 30 755
Total 57823
Source: Bhadrak M.C DPR Report
Figure 7.4: Existing Slum Pockets in Bhadrak Municipal Council Area

7.11.2 Slum Development/Improvement Programmes in Bhadrak
1. INTEGRATED HOUSING & SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IHSDP)
The Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme was launched in December 2005 by subsuming the
erstwhile Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) and National Slum Development Programme (NSDP); with a
view to ameliorate the conditions of the urban slum dwellers who are residing in a dilapidated conditions.
The Prime objective of the scheme is to strive for holistic slum development with enabling a healthy urban
environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructures to the urban slum dwellers.
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2. URBAN SLUM HEALTH PROJECT UNDER NRHM

In Bhadrak these projects are implemented by the NGOs/Trust/ through the Public Private Partnership (PPP)
mode. The Urban Health Centres created under this project extends the Out Patient Department (OPD), referral
and outreach services in urban slum locations. The services including health camps, immunization, family
planning, IEC/BCC, Training for Adolescents, SHGs, Community Based organisations, Community Based Depot
(CBD) and urban local bodies etc are provided under the programme.
Slum Clusters Covered under DPR:

The following slums are covered under the approved Detailed Project Report:
Table 7.10: Slum Clusters Covered under DPR
S.No Name of Slum Population Beneficiary

1 Pathan Mohalla 487 73
2 Nathsahi ( Haldidiha) 1123 89

3 Bhuyana Mohalla 1211 76
Total 2821 238
Source: Bhadrak Municipality Project Report
Other Slum Improvement Programmes in Bhadrak:

The following Slum Improvement Programmes applies to Bhadrak Slums:
• SGSRY (Swarna Jaayanti Sahari Rozgar Yojana)
• BRGF ( Backward Region Grant Fund)
• National Old Age Pension Scheme
• ANTODYOYA Anna Yojana
• Annapurna Scheme
• National Family Benefit Scheme
• Orissa Disability Pension Scheme
• State Old Age Pension Scheme
Activities under Urban Slum Health Project:

a. Functional of Urban Health Centre: The urban health centre is basically provides outdoor services within the
identified slum location.
b. Promote referral system: Each Urban Health Centre catering to a specific targeted population in a defined
geographical area. The cases related to institutional delivery, emergency obstetric care, terminal methods of
family planning and other complicated cases referred to second tier health facilities.
c. Community level activities: To develop and maintain a link between the health facility and the community,
the programme envisages engagement Link Volunteers from the community able to spare 3-4 hours a day. The
capacity of Link Volunteers to facilitate promotion of health seeking behaviour in the community, formation of
women groups, Balika mandal to expand the base of health promotion efforts at the community level and to
build sustainable community process.
7.11.3 Concept of City without Slums

The Asian Development Bank through a study has worked out comprehensive guidelines for the program – ‘City
without Slums’. One of the major objectives of such a program is eradication or significant reduction of poverty
of urban areas. Besides this, the other objectives are to ensure the following:
• Security of tenure;
• Minimum acceptable standards of infrastructure and social services;
• Improved employment and income earning opportunities;
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• Improved education, skills, training and health care;

• Better access to credit and other financial services for house/plot purchase, home improvement,
enterprise development and livelihood activities; and
• Improved level of community organization capacity and empowerment
The above objectives are inter-sectoral and inter-departmental. To facilitate the above, the following is
envisaged in the Bhadrak Master Plan-2030.
• In case of existing slums, which are on Government lands and on their own land that are not needed
for development of any infrastructure or other urban activities, plans for upgrading of slums may be
prepared and implemented;
• Other slum pockets which are not on their own land may be resettled at appropriate areas with due
consideration of the distance from their work places;
• Under the housing/slums up-gradation scheme 100 % of beneficiaries need to be provided with
financial assistance to improve the structure condition of their houses.

In any new land development scheme, 1% of the total land shall be reserved / developed for informal
sector/vendor markets, which should be available to the urban poor families to conduct their livelihood earning
activities. Such a land can be for informal sector units in food/vegetable/eating stalls and any other activities.
Part of the land shall be developed for night shelter where fresh migrants to the city, having no shelter, could be
provided with facility to sleep and have sanitation and bathing facilities.
7.11.4 Existing Slum free City Plan in Bhadrak
Vision: -“Slum free City”

To make the city “Slum Free” the following components are taken in to consideration under IHSDP guidelines.
1. Housing
From the above chapters it may consider that 57823 house is residing in 43 slums. Out of 238 eligible
BPL, families from Pathan mahal, Nathasahi & Bhuyana Mohala slum are selected to be provided with
RCC roofed houses. But in first phase we consider 3 slums with 238 Nos of beneficiary who are
identified as BPL holders, are consider as beneficiary.
2. Water Supply
It is proposed to supply underground water to all the slums through bore well and overhead tank, to
make all the beneficiaries independent to avail this vital requirement of life.
3. Sanitation
There is provision for toilet facilities in the proposed DUs. For use of other people, Community Toilet is
proposed under this scheme as per the density of population demand.
4. Strom Water Drain

Cement concrete drains are proposed by the sides of road to drain out rainwater and wastage water of
houses for hygienic point of view.
5. Road and pathway

For safe and easy communication provision for construction concrete of roads made for each slum with
due connection to main road of the city.
6. Street Light
Street light are provided in the DPR along the road length with a regular interval for safety
communication of slum peoples.
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7. Solid waste management

There is a provision of garbage bin in slum unit. Regular clearance of garbage bin will be manage &
maintained by municipality with their carriage to disposal area.
8. Community Facility
Community centres have been provided to all the slums as per their slum population for observing their
social necessity with health care units, crèches, working spaces etc.
9. Education
There is no provision of schools in the slums as the primary education facility and other education
facility are available within ½ km to 2 km radius of the slum areas.
10. Electrification
Provision of electrification made to all the dwelling units for better living, As a whole all the provision of
city living are provided to slum dweller to make their living equal as per the town people of the city and
make the town slum free.

11. Socio-economic development & other
To develop socio economic condition of Slum people various NGOs, Micro finance Institution and other
registered Social Organization taking major roles. Municipality /Forestry Department/NGOs/Village
Committee are taking for plantation. For shopping market complex is proposed for selected slums as
per the demand and need for few slums. Jogging track & barbed fencing are proposed for green area of
the slums.
7.12 Urban Renewal
7.12.1 Areas for Renewal

The old residential and commercial areas that are congested and have high building density on land needs
immediate attention and urban renewal.
7.12.2 Guidelines for Urban Renewal

The basic objective of the urban renewal plans are to upgrade the living and working environment by
implementing schemes considering the existing physical and socio-economic conditions of the area. The
schemes for the urban renewal are to be prepared after a comprehensive study, which should be in the form of
a project report and a number of maps and plans. The following sets of plans are considered be essential to
project the existing conditions:
• Land Use
• Physical condition of structures
• Facilities and services
• Circulation pattern
• Open spaces, park and playgrounds
• Special feature (if any)
• The plan proposals for the urban renewal should indicate:
o Clearance areas and areas to be acquired (This would include subsequent plans for redevelopment
of these pockets);
o Population distribution (in relation to holding capacity);
o Proposed land use;
o Proposed circulation system (indicating widening of streets, pedestrian streets, parking areas, access
of emergency vehicles);
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o Up gradation of facilities and services;

o The existing Public and Semi-public uses and services like hospitals, dispensaries, colleges, schools,
police stations, fire stations, post offices
o Recreational areas
The urban renewal plans would be prepared within the framework of the land use plan of the area as proposed
in the Master Plan. In case of residential areas, the possibilities of mixed use (on ground floor) and street
commercial may be explored. Special characteristics and features of the area would be kept in view. As far as
possible, the urban renewal project should be self-financing. The neighborhood for urban renewable areas,
whose deficiency can be, filled as per neighborhood level facility norms.
7.13 Policy for Housing for All in Urban Areas, Odisha-2015

7.13.1 Overview of the Policy
The Government of Odisha has taken up “Housing for All” as a top priority mission at the state level. The
government has envisaged establishment of a Mission and earmarking of adequate financial, technical and
managerial resources to this effort.
This Policy is intended to provide the overarching enabling framework to facilitate achievement of the set
objectives.
7.13.1.1 Vision
To ensure that all residents of urban areas in Odisha have access to a range of housing options within their
affordability limits by putting in place a system that will deliver results consistently over a period of time.
7.13.1.2 Mission
To work towards a set of strategies to create a steady supply of affordable housing stocks to cater to the growing
demand. Over a period of 7 years, the government intends to completely address housing deficit in urban areas
and \have an operational system, where supply matches demand.
7.13.1.3 Objectives
The specific objectives of this Policy are as follows:.
a. To create a comprehensive, holistic policy framework to address all aspects of housing for the urban
poor including slum rehabilitation and redevelopment as well as new housing and rental housing.
b. To promote inclusive mixed housing development in all new housing projects, both in the public and
private domain.
c. To promote mixed land use in housing estates in future so as to meet requirements of neighbourhood
shopping, retail etc. within walking distance.
d. Tenable proactive market-led efforts to address the low and informal income market segment.
e. To promote public private partnerships for affordable housing and slum rehabilitation projects.
f. To ensure availability of land for such projects in a time bound and regulated manner.
g. To set principles for allotment of AH units, SRRH units and RH units to various beneficiaries in a
transparent and efficient manner.
h. To establish an effective institutional framework ensuring single window approvals for housing projects.
i. To provide a platform for operation and maintenance of AH, SRRH and RH units in a cooperative
manner.
j. To promote inclusive & participatory planning and implementation processes for slum redevelopment
housing.
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k. To integrate various livelihood programmes with housing programmes benefiting beneficiaries of AH,
SRRH and RH and ensuring overall socioeconomic development of the families.
l. To ensure provision of networked municipal services across the city for ensuring better standards of
living for urban poor,
m. To promote and set up a system for formation of Housing Societies by the existing Slum Dwellers and to
promote their participation in Slum Redevelopment programmes.
n. To promote and ensure minimum relocation of the existing slum dwellers so as to maintain sanctity of
existing economic and social linkages developed over a period of time in the informal settlements.
o. To provide a frame work for supply of Affordable Rental Housing for new migrants to prevent
development of new slums.
p. To provide a mechanism to address operational issues that may arise from time to time during
implementation of policy.

7.13.1.4 Strategies
To fulfill the above objectives, the Government of Odisha has decided to deploy a set of strategies that will
address both the supply side and the demand side of affordable housing and integrate them with livelihood
promotion.
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8
Physical Infrastructure
8. Physical Infrastructure
8.1 Water Supply
8.1.1 Water Supply Scenario

Piped water supply system in Bhadrak was started in year 1977. Prior to that bore wells, ponds and canal was
the only sources of water supply. The ground water is the only source of drinking water for the planning area.
River Salandi is crossing through the planning area however its water is not being used for drinking purpose.
8.1.1.1 Water supply scenario of Urban Area

About 5.89 MLD of water is supplied for Bhadrak urban area with the help of 19 production wells. The other
sources of water in the Bhadrak town include 102-stand posts located in various parts of the Bhadrak Municipal

Area. These are the main source of water for urban poor and slum areas. Apart, Pokhris are also used as water
source which are natural ponds located in various parts of the Town. Water stored in Pokhris is primarily used
for bathing and washing purpose.
Table 8.1: Existing Status of Water Supply in Bhadrak Town
Existing Water Supply System Service level

Existing Rate of Water Supply 46 lpcd
Water Supply network coverage Fully covered -15
(Town area) Partly covered - 13
Uncovered - 02
Water Supply network coverage 80% area covered
( Rural area)
Frequency of Water Supply 1-hrs to whole day
No. of Connections Residential – 827
Commercial – 19
Institutional – 39
8.1.1.2 Water supply scenario in rural areas

The water supply in rural areas within the planning area is managed by the Rural Water Supply System
department. There is no provision of safe drinking water supply through pipelines and majority of the rural
population is depending on various ground water sources. High percentages of population are depending on
open or dug wells for water apart from community tube wells. There is no guarantee on the quality of these
waters as the routine monitoring is rarely done. Further, proximity to safe drinking water sources is steadily
decreasing towards rural areas, suggesting the need for providing more ‘closer accesses’.
8.1.2 Proposals
The Bhadrak Master Plan proposes to cover the water supply scheme for planning area based on criteria, norms,
standards mentioned in CPHEEO Manual. The objectives of full coverage of urban communities with easy access
to potable drinking water in quantities recommended to meet the domestic and other essential non-domestic
purposes, the recommended per capita water supply levels for designing water supply scheme is as follows:
• Residential Water Demand: Total water demand for Residents of residential area has been taken as
135 lpcd for Potable use.
• Industrial water demand: Total water demand for Industrial Area has been computed considering 6000
Gallons / acre/day)
• Fire Demand: Fire Demand has been calculated as 1.0% of the total water demand. The Fire water
demand will be stored in the UGT as dead water demand and will be supplied in the network in case of
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fire. Fire hydrants will be provided near the major road intersections so that in case of emergency the
fire tenders can be filled at the Fire Hydrant locations.
• Unaccounted for Water (UFW): 15% towards losses/ ‘Unaccounted for water has been considered for
Potable water for residential population
• Horticulture: The water demand for irrigation of green areas is estimated at 20,000 litres/acre/day of
the area under soft landscape.
8.1.2.1 Domestic Water Demand for Horizon Year 2030

The water demand for planning area till the horizon year 2030 is as follows:
Table 8.2: Projected Water Demand of Planning Area
Year
Description
2011 2016 2021 2026 2030
Residential Population 152,536 178,143 208,342 247,242 284,353

Domestic Water Demand (MLD) 23.64 27.61 32.29 38.32 44.07
8.1.3 Proposals for Implementation

There is an additional requirement of 37.11 MLD (existing supply 6.96 MLD) water to meet the drinking water
demand of Bhadrak Planning Area by horizon year 2030. As ground water potential of the area appears
reasonably enough to support the drinking water needs, the present trend of relying solely on it may continue.
But, apart from providing individual tube wells, a system of collector wells (cluster of tube wells) with an
arrangement for treating the raw ground water is recommended for safe drinking water. Majority of the drinking
water demand can be met using the surface/sub-surface flow of River Salandi as a source of supply through
collector wells/intake wells.
Action Plan
• Planning, design and implementation of a sustainable water supply scheme mainly based on
surface/sub-surface/intake wells water supply from the river Salandi and ground water
• Covering the entire planning area with a continuous water supply system assuring 24 hr supply with
adequate pressure in the distribution system even at the tail ends
• Controlled use and management of ground water assuring treatment with disinfectants before
distribution
• Public awareness against misuse of water
• Adequate reforms so as to balance the O&M cost with the revenue out of the water supply distribution
8.2 Sewerage System
8.2.1 Existing System of Sewerage

At present, there is no sewerage system in the Bhadrak Planning Area. There is no separate system for storm
water and sewage disposal. As a result, majority of sewage flows through open drains which finally discharge
into river Salandi.
Considering, 15% NRW, and at 80% standard wastewater production, nearly 4.72 MLD is the total waste water
generation from the Bhadrak Town and approximately 0.86 MLD from rural areas located within planning area.
The entire wastewater is presently drained into open drains and in river Salandi without adequate treatment.
The quantity of 5.58 MLD of waste water is base on the actual water supply by the P.H.E. Department but in
actual quantity of individual connection is unknown however based on assumption of 60-70 lpcd it can be
assumed that more than 9 to 11 MLD of water is available in planning area. Hence in total waste water
generation in Bhadrak planning area would be approximately 7 to 9 MLD.
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In absence of underground sewerage system, the sanitation systems are soak pit based. Effluents from public
urinals are directly discharged in drains. Most of the households in urban area within the planning area have
individual toilets or have accessibility to public toilets, whereas most of households in slums and rural areas
either uses public toilets or defecate in open areas.
The situation of sanitation is critical in the planning area. Further, more than 50% of the total population lives in
slum like conditions. These areas are marked by open defecation, lack of proper drainage, no sewerage, and no
treatment of waste water, lack of proper and sufficient toilet facilities and lack of awareness among the peoples
about proper sanitation facilities.
8.2.2 Issues
• Absence of sewerage system: there is absolute absence of sewerage system in Bhadrak planning area
resulting in discharge of un-treated waste water in drains and river Salandi
• Mixing of storm water and sewage: In absence of sewerage and improper drainage system, in many
parts of planning area, there is discharge of sewage into storm water drains and other water bodies

• Maintenance of Septic Tank: as per the present practice, the septic tanks are the only mode of disposal
of sewage in Bhadrak planning area, which are not frequently cleaned by the Bhadrak Municipal
Council.
• Open Defecation: open defecation in slums and rural areas can be seen throughout the planning area
and no efforts are taken till date
• Degradation of natural water bodies: the disposal of waste water into river Salandi and in other water
bodies resulting degradation and contamination of water and land.
8.2.3 Wastewater Management in 2030
8.2.3.1 Expected Sewage Generation

The design criteria to be followed for design of sewage collection, conveyance and treatment system for the
project are based on the recommendations as laid down in the CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage
Treatment published by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India and as per provisions laid down in
the relevant I.S. codes. The various design considerations and norms are described below.
Wastewater Flows: The wastewater is generated in sewers mostly from the spent water of the community with
some ground water infiltration and fraction of storm water. Domestic sewage is the wastewater from kitchen,
bathrooms, lavatory, toilets, and laundries. The composition of domestic wastewater normally remains
consistent, whereas industrial wastewater varies in composition with industrial operation.
Per capita Wastewater Flow: The rate of wastewater flow depends upon the rate of water supply to the
community and the rate of ground water infiltration. The entire spent water of a community should normally
contribute to the total flow in a sewer. However, the actual dry weather flow quantities usually are slightly less
than the per capita water consumption. Since some water is lost in evaporation, seepage into ground, leakage
etc. Generally, 80% of the water supply for the residential development may be expected to reach the sewers
unless there is data available to the contrary.
Table 8.3: Estimation of Sewage Generation
Year Population Water Sewage Total Sewerage Generation Area

Requirement Generation (during peak hours including for STP
(MLD) infiltration) (Ha)
2011 152536 23.64 18.91 16.08 3.40
2016 178143 27.61 22.09 18.78 3.98
2021 208342 32.29 25.83 21.96 4.65
2026 247242 38.32 30.66 26.06 5.52
2030 284353 44.07 35.26 29.97 6.35
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8.2.4 Proposals for Implementation

In a modern society, proper management of wastewater is a necessity, not an option. A wide range of
communicable diseases can be spread through elements of the environment by human and animal
waste products, if not disposed properly. The development of effective water and wastewater
treatment methods has virtually eliminated major water borne epidemics in developed countries.
Developing countries like ours, where treated water is not available to a majority of the population,
still experience epidemics like cholera and typhoid. It is also to be mentioned that as per the report of
the Planning Commission for the Tenth Five Year Plan, which emphasizes that all cities, towns and
industrial areas should compulsorily have sewage treatment plants and are to be implemented in a
time bound manner. Advanced waste water treatment process is currently being so developed that it
will produce palatable water from domestic wastewater.
8.2.4.1 Recommendations

• For treatment of waste water generated from the planning area, a decentralized wastewater treatment
system would be more appropriate. The centralized sewage treatment system appears inappropriate as
it may end up with very huge sizes of sewers and various issues of conveyance in handling this huge
quantity of wastewater.
• The treatment plants and sewers are to be so aligned as to reduce the number of crossings with railway
tracks and National Highways of the area. The proximities of natural drains for treated effluent disposal,
minimum obstructions for laying sewers, and the possibilities of acquiring land for sewage treatment
plants (STPs) turns important in orienting and locating the plants.
• It is proposed to construct two sewage treatment plants (STP I, STP II) in Bhadrak Planning area to cover
the entire area under master plan. The land requirements and capacity of the sewage treatment plants
are given in Table above.
• The possibilities of re-use of treated wastewater effluent for irrigation, gardening etc. should be looked
into.
• The construction of treatment plants could be carried out in a phased manner on a modular/zonal basis
in the planning area consistent with the future development/demand.
8.2.4.2 Treatment Options

Considering the technical feasibility and economic viability of different treatment options for treatment of
wastewater (like Activated sludge process(ASP), Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, Fluidized
aerobic beds, Trickling filters, and waste stabilization ponds) for Bhadrak Planning area, the choice can be either
the conventional activated sludge process or UASB reactors.
The conventional ASP system is a widely used wastewater treatment option in major cities of India. It has
become popular as a reliable technology with good resource recovery (60-75% methane) of biogas. It assures a
removal rate of more than 90-95% of organics from wastewater. UASB reactors are also gaining ground as an
alternative to the conventional treatment techniques with their simplicity and comparable removal efficiency.
However, the UASB renders effluents with relatively high NPK values demanding post treatment by polishing
units. The cost of treatment of wastewater, unit cost, and quality of the effluent varies only marginally among
these two treatment options. The success of the ASP systems elsewhere, with its easy maintenance and
management makes it an appropriate choice.
8.2.4.3 The Sewage Treatment System proposed

The ASP system proposed as shown as below should contain the following units:
• Screens
• Grit chamber
• Primary clarifier (PC)
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• Aeration tank or ASP tank

• Secondary clarifier (SC)
• Sludge digesters
• Sludge drying bed for the treatment of sludge obtained from primary clarifier and secondary clarifier.

8.3 Drainage
In Bhadrak the drainage system consists of natural drains and man-made drains along the roads. The road side
drains are either pucca or kutcha. The entire drainage system is open in Bhadrak planning area. These drains
discharge all waste water to minor drains, which finally discharges into river Salandi.
8.3.1 Topography
Bhadrak is located along the river Salandi and the general topography of the town is a gentle slope from west to
east. The variations between the altitudes are between 13 m and 22 m. the river part is higher elevation of 19-21
m whereas it elevation reduces to 18-14 m while moving northern and southern side.
8.3.2 Drainage system
8.3.2.1 Primary Drainage Channel

Primary drainage system of Bhadrak comprises of river
Salandi, High Level Canal and natural drains. Salandi River
is the major water body in Bhadrak planning area. River
Salandi with total length more than 9 kms divides the
planning area into two parts. Apart of these, there are
other small natural water bodies in Bhadrak in the form of
pond or lake locally known as Pokhri.
8.3.2.2 Secondary and Tertiary Drainage Channel

The secondary and tertiary drainage system consists of open surface drains along road sides and tributaries of
river Salandi. The total length of the drain comes to approximately more than 310 kms. The drainage system is
mix of kutcha and pucca drains. There is no separate system for storm water and sewage water. The entire
rainwater and sewage flows through common drains. About 55% of developed area of the Bhadrak planning
area is covered with drainage network. Generally drains are clogged with solid waste leading into water logging
in some areas which leads to water borne diseases.
8.3.3 Problems of flooding and Water Logging

Local water logging does occur in many of the localities during the rainy seasons and drainage is one of the
major issues in Bhadrak planning area especially in urban area. Floods also occur during heavy rains and cyclone.
The recent critical flood in Bhadrak planning area came in the year 1999 during the super period which
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submerged most parts of the developed area. The major water logging areas in Bhadrak are near Salandi River
and in the old town area.
8.3.1 Critical Issues of Concern

• Absence of proper drainage system: In existing situation, Bhadrak lacks proper and efficient drainage
system in both urban and rural areas. About 9.5 % of the total road network is covered with drains
against the standard of 100 % in urban areas. The low lying areas along with Salandi River lack drainage
system hence these areas are highly prone to water logging situations.
• Choked Drains: Most of the drains are choked with solid waste and causing water logging situation in
many of the residential areas
• Functioning of Drains as Sewer: Storm water drains of Bhadrak planning area have functioned as media
for carrying sewage. Further due to absence of proper sewerage system and lack of awareness sewage
from residential areas is discharging into drains
• Silting of Drainage System: The available drainage system of the Bhadrak is not properly and frequently
cleaned. Majority of drains are cleaned once in a year before the monsoon or on complaints. Heavy
silting of drains resulting into overflow of water and water logging in rainy season.
8.3.4 Proposals
A separate storm water drainage network apart from sewerage system has been proposed in the development
area for the collection and safe disposal of storm water during rainfall. The design criteria to be followed for
design of Storm Water Drainage network are broadly based on the recommendations as laid down in the
CPHEEO Manual of Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India and
as per provisions laid down in the relevant I.S. Codes and Consultants’ past experience in related field.
There are several ongoing and new proposals for augmentation of drainage system in the Master Plan Area
Bhadrak Under different schemes (Refer annexure).
8.3.4.1 Recommendations
• The lack of proper sanitation and solid waste management, combined with indiscriminate dumping of
solid waste in the drains reduces the carrying capacity of these natural drains. The implementation of a
systematic solid waste and wastewater collection and treatment system is a necessary prerequisite for
proper drainage of the area.
• The natural drains have been encroached upon and are almost in dilapidated state. Also, at many
reaches the drain sidewalls are found to be damaged. The section of the drain is also irregular and less
adequate at many locations. Proper gradient is not maintained at several stretches on its reach and the
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hydraulic parameters are also not uniform. Also, no definite drain section is maintained in many
reaches. So, proper maintenance and management of the existing natural drains turns important. This
necessitates a proper evaluation of the existing natural drainage system.
• Over the years the River Salandi has progressively silted up due to which the flood water flows at ever
higher levels than the water levels in this main drain.
• The natural depressions and ponds, which were instrumental in preventing excess storm run-off, are
getting filled up at a rapid rate due to urbanization. This may further aggravate the existing problem of
water logging. It is necessary that ‘natural sinks’ be retained as such as, they are instrumental in
controlling the water logging of the area.
• An organized drainage system is invariably associated with the implementation of a systematic solid
waste and wastewater collection and treatment system.
• Periodic de-silting of the existing storm water drains should be done.
• Perimeter protection of all the major drains should be checked before every rainy season.
• Overall, the preparation and implementation of a master drainage plan appears essential for Bhadrak

planning area
• All roads of the town/city should have side-drains, which will serve as minor or tertiary drains
• A master plan for the drainage of some of these areas has not yet been prepared. The implementation
of a master drainage plan for these areas appears very essential.
8.4 Solid Waste Management

The Bhadrak Planning Area does not have an adequate garbage collection, transportation and disposal system.
In general there is no systematic collection, segregation and storage system for the solid waste generated in the
urban area. All the municipal wastes generated from various sources are generally dumped either on the streets
or into the storm water drains, canals and in low lying areas. The present system of solid waste collection is
through dust bins placed in different places and street sweeping followed by carriage by open trucks or tractors
by the Bhadrak Municipal Council to the open low lying areas available in planning area for disposal. Also there is
a proposal for Landfill site at Amargadia village outside the Bhadrak planning boundary.
8.4.1 Solid Waste Generation Rate

Presently, the total waste generation in Bhadrak urban area is approximately 20 -21 MT/day. Qualitatively, this
waste is constitutes of organic waste, Construction and Demolition Waste, Street sweeping, recyclable and inert
waste from the following sources:
• Residential
• Commercial areas – Katchary Road, OT Market, New Bazaar, Purna Bazaar, Chandan Bazaar etc
• Healthcare establishments – Hospitals, dispensary, private clinics etc
• Hotels and Banquet Halls
• Drains silts
• Street Sweeping
8.4.2 Per capita Waste Generation and waste Characteristics

The per capita solid waste generation in Bhadrak urban area is between 180 to 210 gm/c/d however it
varies between various income classes. The total waste generated per day in urban area is
approximately 20-21 MT. The municipal Waste is categorized into three categories:
• Bio-degradable
• Recyclable
• Inert Waste like ash
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8.4.3 Existing Scenario of SWM System of Bhadrak
8.4.3.1 Segregation
Presently, no solid waste segregation either at source or at the site is happening in Bhadrak urban
area. Waste is collected from road side and temporary storage bins from where waste is transported
to dump sites. Approximately, 80% of the total workers are presently involved in segregation of waste
in the urban areas.
8.4.3.2 Collection and Storage

The primary collection method i.e. door to door waste collection is absent from the planning area.
Waste generated from the urban areas is partly collected through rickshaw trolleys and hand carts.
Secondary collection of waste is being done by Bhadrak Municipal Council’s workers in the entire
urban areas. No user’s fee is collected from the residents for the waste collection.

8.4.3.3 Transportation
The wastes generated from the urban areas are collected from street and road side bins is carried by
wheel barrows arranged by Municipal Council.
8.4.3.4 Disposal of M. S. Waste

Presently, no processing of municipal waste is being carried by Municipal Council of Bhadrak town. There is no
proper site has been identified by the BMC to dump the MSW. The un-segregated waste is being dumped at the
open area available along the NH-16. The dump site is traditional dump site without any lining at the base which
Is causing leachate generation.
8.4.4 Issues in Present Management System

Lack of Disposal Site
Presently, there is no engineered landfill, and Municipal Solid Waste is dumped in open area, which can lead to
ground water and soil pollution, vector naissance etc.
Lack of Primary Collection System

Solid waste is discharged by establishment into open plots, open drains etc. these un-organized disposal
methods have resulted in the accumulation of solid waste on roadsides, vacant plots, and storm water drains.
This has resulted in a number of hygiene related problems such as breeding of flies/ mosquitoes and stray
animals.
Un-hygienically Solid Waste Transportation

Municipal Solid Waste is transported primarily in open vehicles i.e. trucks, tippers and cycle rickshaw. It is also
observed that these modes of transportations are overloaded with MSW, resulting in the littering of roads
during transportation. The loading and unloading of waste are carried out manually, and Safai Karamcharis
involved in these activities do not use any safety measures.
In-sufficient collection and disposal of construction waste

The construction and demolition waste generated by residents is transported in tractor trolleys and disposed at
either secondary collection points or open/low-lying areas in the town vicinity.
Handling of MSW with Slaughter Waste

Waste from the slaughters houses is disposed in open dumping sites, although there are provisions for
separately disposing slaughter house waste in Bhadrak town / planning area.
102
Disposed of Bio-medical waste without any treatment

Presently, there is no treatment facility available for bio-medical waste in Bhadrak and Medical waste is disposed
off along with general MSW
Lack of primary Collection points

Unattended waste lying in open areas is common phenomena in the entire town because of non-availability of
required numbers of bins in the planning area
Multiple Handling of Wastes

The waste is handled multiple times leading to potential health hazards for the workers as all types of wastes
contains hospital waste, human waste etc are disposed in the same containers
Lack of Awareness
There is absolute lack of awareness among people w.r.t. handling and management of waste.

8.4.5 Assessment of Solid Waste generation
The generation of solid waste from Bhadrak Planning Area during period 2011-2030 is given as follows:
Table 8.4: Solid Waste Generation (MT), 2011-2030
Year 2011 2016 2021 2026 2030

Population 152,535 178,143 208,342 247,242 284,353
Solid Waste Generation MT) 34.02 53.44 62.50 86.53 113.74
8.4.6 Action Plan for a Sustainable SWM Programme

Decentralized solid waste treatment system:
The developmental pattern of all the areas, especially Cuttack, demands the implementation of an integrated
solid waste treatment system. It is felt that only a decentralized MSW Management System could help solve the
seemingly intricate problem of solid waste treatment in this area in an economically viable, socially desirable and
environmentally sound manner.
Public Participation:
General environmental awareness and information on health risks due to improper solid waste management are
important factors which need to be continuously communicated to all sectors of the population. Building
awareness among public and community about the need for a better solid waste management system is as
essential as management. Public awareness and attitudes to waste can affect the people's willingness to
cooperate and participate in adequate waste management practices. If people keep on throwing waste on the
streets indiscriminately, the local body alone cannot keep the city clean in spite of their best efforts .Thus, it is
very important to make people understand that the treatment and management of solid waste is a collective
responsibility of the local authority and the community. Municipalities or local governments through
participatory programs should convey this message to the people.
Collection Enhancement facilities:

• Old dustbins are to be replaced with different types of covered dustbins, which reduces the time of
pickup and improves the process of primary collection of wastes.
• Sweepers may be provided with handcarts and detachable containers and be allotted a fixed area or
number of houses for door to door collection. They should also be provided with safety gears and
proper uniforms.
• It can be made compulsory for the management of societies/complexes to keep covered bins in which
waste is to be stored at acceptable locations, to be picked up by the municipal staff.
103
• The local body may collect waste from community bins by using container handcarts or tricycles
whichever may be convenient, for transferring the wastes to the waste storage sites by employing
municipality sweepers.
• The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery basis using contractor services on a day-
to-day basis from individual houses.
• The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery basis using contractor services on a day-
to-day basis from individual shops also. The service of rag pickers and part-time sweepers can also be
used in agreement with the shop owners.
• Sweeping of all public roads, streets, and lanes, by-lanes where there is habitation or commercial
activities on either side of the street should be done daily. A list of such streets and roads together with
their length and width should be prepared. The local body, keeping in view the norms of work
prescribed should work out a program for their daily cleaning. However, roads and streets where there
is no habitation around and do not require daily cleaning may be put in a separate group.

Provision of Solid waste Storage:
One of the immediate measures to revamp the existing collection services structure would involve provision of
covered community waste bins at proper distances for the people to deposit domestic waste. This is the first
step that will ensure that people do not throw their garbage on the roads and hence do not create open dump
sites. This will enable the sanitation workers to transfer waste to the transportation vehicle quickly and
efficiently with minimum health risk which will also help to maintain the aesthetics of the surroundings.
The Municipal solid waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 of the Government of India have prescribed
the compliance criteria for waste storage depots as under:
• Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into account quantities of waste generation
in a given area and the population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is accessible to
users.
• Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other agencies shall be so designed that
waste stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-
friendly.
• Storage facilities or “bins” shall have “easy to operate” design for handling, transfer and transportation
of waste. Bins for storage of biodegradable waste shall be painted green, those of recyclable waste shall
be painted white and those of other wastes shall be painted black.
• Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall
be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers. So, the storage and
handling of SW are extremely important, and hence the steps to be taken by the Municipal authorities
for storage of solid wastes are detailed in table below:
S. No. Generation Source Action Proposed
1 Residential • Not to throw any waste in neighborhoods, on streets, open
space, and vacant lands, in drains or water bodies.
• Keep food waste / biodegradable waste in a non corrosive bin
type – D1
• Keep dry/ recyclable waste in bin type – D2
• Keep hazardous waste separately
2 Multistoried buildings, • 1 to 4 as above.
commercial complexes, private • Provide separate bin type – B large enough to hold wastes
societies generated both biodegradable and recyclable.
• Direct member of the association / society to deposits waste in
bins provided. Sanitary inspectors should vigil the area and fine
should be imposed for not following the actions
104
S. No. Generation Source Action Proposed

3 Slums • 1 to 4 as above.
• Use bin type –C
4 Shops, offices, Institutions • 1 to 4 as above.
• Store the waste in bin type - D1, D2
5 Hotels and restaurant • 1 to 4 as above
• They should arrange their own bins and dispose waste in nearby
municipal bins
6 Vegetable, fruit markets, meat, • Keep small baskets with them and transfer waste to large bin
fish markets, and street type-A.
Vendors • Shop keepers not to dispose of the waste in front of their waste
or shops or open space.
• Deposit waste as and when generated into bin type-A.
• Fines should be imposed for not following the action
7 Marriage halls, Community • 1 to 4 as above.

halls, Kalyan Mondaps • Provide a large bin type -B
8 Garden Waste • Compost the waste in garden itself, if possible.
• Store wastes in large bags or bins and transfers it to community
bins
Note: Bin Type A (volume 7 m3), Type B (0.75 m3), Type C (0.5 m3), Type D1 and Type D2 (12 liters)
Segregation:
These compositional characteristics of the solid waste underline the need for proper segregation before
treatment. Proper segregation of waste into different components and their separate collection can definitely
lead to remarkable changes in the entire system.
The segregation of the waste would be a long drawn exercise as it involves attitudinal changes in people and will
have to be done with careful planning, in a phased manner. The general public is to be first sensitized towards
the whole concept and educated about the need and advantages of doing the segregation. Segregation of waste
at the source itself is extremely important as municipal solid waste, which is otherwise environmentally benign
on getting mixed with hazardous waste like paints, dyes, batteries, and human excreta turns hazardous. The
recyclables like paper and plastic etc. become unsuitable for recycling as these get soiled by the organic matter.
Although, it would be more fruitful to sort and place different kinds of recyclables in separate receptacles, the
waste could be segregated into at least two categories of biodegradable and non-biodegradable initially.
The recyclables obtained through segregation could be straightway transported to recycling units which in turn
would pay certain amount to the corporations, thereby adding to their income. This would help in formalizing
the existing informal set up of recycling units, and this formalization in turn could lead to multi-advantages. The
biodegradable matter could be disposed off either by aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion or sanitary land
filling. Depending upon land availability and financial resources, either of these disposal methods could be
adopted. Though simple land filling is the traditionally practiced system of solid waste management in the
planning area, aerobic composting by wind-row method will be an appropriate option. All the non-
biodegradable waste which is non-recyclable, non-reusable shall be dumped into sanitary land fill. Bio-
degradable waste shall be subjected to composting. Area required for composting shall include the area for
storage of unprocessed material, processing facilities for composting operation and storage for green compost.
The area required for windrow composting with 15 days composting period with moisture content between 55-
60% for aerobic composting, the first turning shall be done at the 4th day and thereafter every third day shall be
1.5 acres to 2 acres per 50 MT per day waste.
105
Reuse and Recycling:

The concepts of reuse and recycling can well be applied in solid waste management as solid waste is basically a
heterogeneous mixture. In typical Indian municipal solid wastes, there is a small percentage of recyclable
material and more of compostable and inert materials like ash and road dust. There is a very large informal
sector of rag pickers, who can collect recyclable wastes (paper, plastic, metal, glass, rubber, etc) from the
streets, bins and disposal sites for their livelihood. Thus, the rag pickers can be effectively used for the collection
of reusable materials especially because the use of non recyclable packaging materials like PET bottles for soft
drinks, mineral wastes, and soft -foam products and metalized plastic film coated food packing materials are on
the rise. During recycling, many of these release toxic gases and ozone depleting products. So it is advisable to
educate people to replace these items with eco-friendly packaging materials. The desirable home sorting
mechanisms includes dry recyclable materials (e.g. glass, paper, plastic, cans etc.), kitchen and garden wastes,
bulky wastes, hazardous wastes, construction and demolition wastes. Sorting can also be done just prior to
waste processing or land filling.

Energy from Solid Waste:
Electricity can be produced by burning MSW as a fuel. MSW power plants, also called waste-to-energy (WTE)
plants, are designed to dispose of MSW and to produce electricity as a byproduct of the incinerator operation.
Mass Burn is the most common waste-to-energy technology, in which MSW is combusted directly in much the
same way as fossil fuels are used in other direct combustion technologies. Burning MSW converts water to
steam to drive a turbine connected to an electricity generator. Burning MSW can generate energy while
reducing the volume of waste by up to 90 percent, an environmental benefit. However, this burning MSW in
WTE plants produces comparatively high carbon dioxide emissions, a contributor to global climate change. The
net climate change impact of these emissions is lessened because a major component of trash is wood, paper
and food wastes that would decompose if not burned. If left to decompose in a solid waste landfill, the material
produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The concept of producing energy from MSW derives significance
as it is given high priority by the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India.
Treatment options:
The biodegradable portion of the waste is considerably high. So, aerobic composting of SW after proper
segregation will be more appropriate. In selected locations especially in rural areas, Vermi-Composting can also
be recommended. The manure obtained by these methods can be sold to the local public as fertilizer. Though
costly, sanitary land filling can also be practiced at selected urban locations where the recovery from the waste
will be very high, serving minimum ecological damage. It appears that the aerobic composting by Windrow
method may be a desirable option for the management of the solid waste. The possibilities of generating energy
from SW could be looked into on an experimental basis.
106
Biomedical wastes and its management:

Biomedical waste has been a growing concern because of the awareness in public regarding HIV, AIDS and
Hepatitis B and exposure to discarded needles, syringes and other medical waste from municipal garbage bins
and disposal sites. The management of biomedical waste turns important as it has serious bearing on the quality
of human life. This becomes more significant especially in the context of the recent trend of establishing multi-
specialty hospitals in urban centers. Biomedical waste can be regarded as any waste generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or produced due to activities of biological
research, human anatomical waste, animal waste, microbiology and biotechnology waste, waste sharps,
discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs, solid wastes, liquid waste, incineration ash, chemical waste, etc.
Medical wastes contain pathological waste (such as human tissues such as limbs, organs, fetuses, blood and
other body fluids), infectious waste (soiled surgical dressing, swab material in contact with persons or animals
suffering from infectious diseases, waste from isolation wards, cultures or stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory, dialysis equipment, apparatus and disposable gowns, aprons, gloves, towels, etc.), sharps (any item
that can cut or puncture such as needles, scalpels, blades, saws, nails, broken glass, etc.), pharmaceutical waste

(drugs, vaccines, cytotoxic drugs and chemicals returned from wards, outdated drugs, etc.), chemical waste (any
discarded solid, liquid or gaseous chemicals from laboratories, cleaning and disinfection) etc.
If a small part of these infectious hospital wastes are mixed with other hospital wastes or municipal solid wastes,
the entire waste will have to be treated as infectious. Segregation helps in reducing the total treatment cost,
stops general waste from becoming infectious, reduces the chances of infecting the Health Care Workers, etc. All
these wastes after segregation must be stored in colour coded containers. Infectious waste should be
disinfected before disposal. It has been observed that majority of the hospitals, nursing homes, pathology
laboratories and health care centres located in these areas are not taking adequate measures for safe disposal of
their bio-medical wastes. These hospitals generate waste in substantial quantities, which needs to be managed
by the hospitals themselves. Many large hospitals dispose of their mixed wastes within the hospital premises,
where waste remains unattended in the open for a long time. Some hospitals and nursing homes have set up
low-temperature incineration plants for the disposal of wastes, which quite often remain out of order as they
are not managed and maintained properly. Infectious and non-infectious wastes are generally not segregated at
source and instead the mixed (often wet) waste is taken to the incineration plant in a very unhygienic manner.
The system of collection, transportation and disposal of bio-medical waste is thus not scientifically designed and
practiced in these areas.
Implementation of Bio-medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998

The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued the Bio-medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,
1998 which were amended subsequently. These rules provide for segregation, packaging, transportation,
storage, treatment and disposal of wastes generated by hospitals, clinics and laboratories. Bio-medical wastes
(BMW) have been classified into various categories and the treatment and disposal options for each of the
categories are specified. The treatment and disposal should be in compliance with the standards prescribed in
Schedule V, which stipulates standards for incinerators (operating and emission standards), for waste
autoclaving, for liquid waste, of microwaving and for deep burial. A schedule for implementation of BMW rules
has been laid down in Schedule VI. Imposing segregated practices within hospitals to separate biological and
chemical hazardous wastes that will result in a clean solid waste stream, which can be recycled easily. An
Advisory Committee is to advise the prescribed authority on the implementation of these Bio-medical wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules.
107
Table 8.5: Category of Bio-Medical Waste
Waste Waste Class Description of Waste

Category No.
1 Human Anatomical Wastes, Waste consisting of human tissues, organs, body parts, body
Blood and Body Fluids fluids, blood and blood products and items saturated or dripping
with blood, body fluids contaminated with blood and body fluids
relieved during/after treatment, surgery or autopsy or other
medical procedures
2 Animal Waste Waste consisting of animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding, fluid blood and blood products, items
contaminated with blood and fluids, wastes from surgery
treatment, and autopsy and wastes of experimental animals
used in research, Waste generated by veterinary hospitals,
colleges, animal houses and livestock farms
3 Microbiological Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro-

organisms, live or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell
culture used in research and infectious agents from research and
industrial laboratories, wastes and production of biological,
dishes and devices used for transfer of cultures
4 Waste Sharps Wastes consisting of sharps such as needles, syringes, scalpels,
blades, glasses etc. those are capable of causing puncture and
cuts. This includes both used and unused sharps
5 Highly infectious Wastes Waste containing highly infectious living and nonliving
pathogens and exposure to it could cause disease
6 Isolated Waste Biological wastes from discarded materials contaminated with
blood, excretion exudates or secretions from human and
animals isolated due to communicable diseases
7 Discarded Medicines Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded
medicines
8 Discarded Glass Wares Wastes generated from glass-ware and equipments used
9 Soiled Waste Wastes generated from soiled cotton, dressings, liners, beddings
including the packaging materials
10 Disposables Wastes generated from disposable items other than the waste
sharps
11 Liquid wastes Wastes generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning,
house-keeping and disinfecting activities
12 Biotechnology Wastes generated from activities involving genetically
engineered organisms or products and their cultures not
declared to be safe
13 Slaughter House Wastes generated in the form of animal tissues, blood and body
fluids
14 Incineration Waste Ash from incineration of any Bio-medical wastes
Source: Report of the high power committee, Urban Solid waste Management in India, Planning Commission, Government of
India, 1995
Table 8.6: Treatment Option for Bio-Medical Waste
S. No. Waste Class Treatment and Disposal Options

1 Human Anatomical Wastes Disinfection and incineration/Burial
2 Animal Waste Disinfection and burial
3 Microbiological Disposal in special container
4 Human Blood and Body Dilution with disinfectant Disposal in special drains
Fluids
5 Waste Sharps Disposal in special containers and landfill
6 Highly infectious Wastes Special decontamination, packing in specially designed containers and
108
S. No. Waste Class Treatment and Disposal Options

final disposal on secured landfill.
7 Isolated Waste Secured landfill disposal after suitable treatment
8 Discarded Medicines Incineration
9 Discarded Glass Wares Decontamination, destruction
10 Soiled Waste If infectious, to be disposed of as infectious waste, if no infectious to be
disinfected and disposed
11 Disposables Packaging in appropriate containers and incineration, disposal on
secured Landfill
12 Liquid wastes Disinfection and discharge in special drains
13 Biotechnology Packaging in special containers and disposal on land
14 Slaughter House Disinfection and disposal on land for solid and treatment and discharge
for liquid
Source: The Gazette of India (extraordinary) no. 233 dated 25th April, 1995, New Delhi

8.4.7 Processing and Disposal of Solid Waste
The solid waste can be processed by composting, vermi-composting, anaerobic digestion, sanitary land filling,
incineration or any other biological processing for stabilization of wastes. Since it contains a high amount of
biodegradable portion, composting may be a cost-effective option for processing. The process of microbial
composting or vermi-composting may be adopted with least mechanization to keep the cost low, and to market
the compost as fertilizers to adjoining villages. So the concerned municipalities are duty bound to earmark
required acres of land to meet the requirement of solid waste treatment. The areas of existing dumping yards
can also be developed. The rejects from these plants and domestic hazardous wastes may be carefully land-
filled. The bio-medical wastes may be disposed off as per the Bio-Medical Waste Management and Handling
Rules as described above.
A decentralized treatment system will be more feasible option for solid waste treatment. In recent times, there
is a trend towards smaller, manually operated composting plants at community level, initiated primarily by
citizens’ initiatives or non-governmental organizations NGOs) supported by many national and international
nodal funding agencies. In combination with primary waste collection, composting improves the precarious
waste situation in the communities, and residents become less dependent on the poor municipal waste
collection service. Decentralized composting can be operated by an appropriate technology and implemented at
reduced investment and operating costs. Manual composting in small, decentralized plants is more easily
integrated in the prevailing level of development in India and the socio-economic background, as it requires
labour-intensive processes. It will create employment opportunities and a source of income to the
underprivileged people in the rural Bhadrak. Decentralized composting allows reuse of organic waste where it is
generated, thereby reducing waste quantities to be transported as well as transport costs. This may drastically
reduce the overall cost of municipal solid waste treatment.
8.4.8 Proposals for solid waste treatment

The solid waste generation expected in Bhadrak Planning Area by 2030 is very high, providing compost
treatment facilities for this huge quantum of wastes, though essential, may not be practically possible in a single
phase. So, it is necessary to propose economically feasible and, technically viable solutions which can be
implemented in a phased manner. The densely populated urban areas of BMP are to be given first priority in
providing the composting facilities for solid waste treatment. The area required for solid waste treatment and
disposal facilities will be 8.3 hectares.
109
Table 8.7: Land Area Requirement for Solid Waste Dumping Site
Solid waste dumping site

Year 2011 2016 2021 2026 2030
Land Area Required (Ha) 2.5 3.8 4.4 6.2 8.3
8.4.9 Disposal of Hazardous Waste

The Notification from the Government of India, Ministry of Environment dated 20th July 1998, which deals with
the collection of Bio-Medical Wastes entrusts the liability of its disposal with the waste producer itself. Thus the
management of bio-medical waste is not the responsibility of Municipalities. But, however, they can assist in the
management of biomedical wastes on a full cost recovery basis without sharing any legal responsibilities.
It is advisable to have some hazardous/bio-medical facility for the entire Bhadrak Planning Area. The bio-medical
wastes collected from spots can be stored in selective transfer stations and can be transported to this central

treatment facility at village Bhramapur eastern side of planning area. If so desired, the authorities can formulate
an action plan for implementing this plant through some competent agencies and can suitably charge for the
treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes. The solid waste dumping sites closest to industrial sites will be a
more appropriate option.
110
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9
Social Infrastructure
9. Social Infrastructure
9.1 Introduction
Social infrastructure plays an important role to provide quality of life to the residents of the city. The
effectiveness of social infrastructure in achieving the objective of city development plan would depend upon its
capacity to contribute to improvement in the quality of life, enhanced self-dependency and city’s sustainability.
The level of social infrastructure shall aim the creation of livable city through reducing the sense of alienation
among the residents with less dependence on other settlements for basic infrastructure.
Social infrastructure refers to the facilities and mechanisms that ensure education, health care, community
development, and social security, recreational and social welfare. The development cannot be looked at in
isolation without considering the basic needs of the people, and a significant level of investment is needed in

this sector.
9.2 Education
Education is an important factor influencing the quality of life of the people and future development of an area.
It empowers them with skills and knowledge and helps them to better lead their life and to access best of the
employment opportunities available in the market. This in turn will impact the work force participation rate and
economy of the area.
9.2.1 Existing Educational Facilities

Educational Facilities ranging from primary schools to institutes of higher learning in Bhadrak have been set and
run by government, agencies aided by the state government as well as by private institutions. Some of the
important institutes providing various courses at graduate and post-graduate level include Bhadrak institute of
Engineering & Technology, Bhadrak Women’s College, Prafulla Chandra ITI, Salandi College etc.
However, the planning area lacks schools for differently-able children and integrated schools with or without
hostel facility as present.
9.2.2 Assessment of Future Requirements for Education

Considering the population growth to 2.84 lakh by horizon year 2030, the existing number of educational
facilities at various levels will have to be augmented. In terms of schools, by 2030 the maximum requirement will
be of pre-primary schools, where 40 more will have to be added to the existing 74. In higher education facilities,
there is a need to setup more professionally institutes providing courses in engineering and medicine. Around 6
vocational institutes will have to be set up by 2030.
The assessment of future requirements for educational facilities has been done based on the recommended
norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.
Table 9.1 Existing Educational facilities and Future Requirement in Bhadrak
Requiremen
Requiremen
Requiremen
Particulars
Pop. /unit
Standards
Area (Ha)
Existing
Future
t (Ha)
S. No
Land
t
1 Pre-Primary / Nursery 1 per 2500 pop 0.08 2500 114 74 40 3.17

2 Primary School (I-VIII) 500 students/ School, 1 0.4 5000 57 27 30 11.93
per 5000 Pop
3 Senior Secondary 1 per 7500 Pop 1.8 7500 38 17 21 37.58
111
Requiremen
Requiremen
Requiremen
Particulars
Pop. /unit
Standards
Area (Ha)
Existing
Future
t (Ha)
S. No
Land
t
t
4 Integrated School 1000-1500 Students, 1 3.5 0.90 lakh 3 - 3 11.05
without Hostel (I-XII) for 90000 Pop
5 Integrated School with 1000-1500 Students, 1 3.9 0.90 lakh 3 - 3 12.31
Hostel (I-XII) for 90000 Pop
6 School for Physically 400 Students / 45000 Pop 0.7 0.45 lakh 6 - 6 4.42
challenged
7 College 1000-1500 students /1.25 5 1.25 lakh 2 1 1 6.36
Lac Pop
8 ITI's 400 Students/ 10 Lac Pop 1.6 10 lakh 3 0 3 4.55
9 Polytechnic 500 Students / 3 Lac Pop 2.4 3 lakh 1 0 1 2.27
10 Professional Institute 1 / 10 lakhs 6 10 lakh - 2 - -

(Engineering
College/Medical
College)
11 Vocational Institutes 1 for 50000 Pop 35 0.50 lakh 6 - 6 198.85
Source: Consultant’s estimation
In order to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure all through the planning area, Master Plan
has proposed setting up these facilities on a hierarchical basis i.e. at City Level (Planning Area), at Planning Unit
Level, at Neighbourhood Level and lastly at Residential Area Level.
For instance higher order facilities like college, integrated schools, school for handicapped are to be provided at
the master plan level while facilities like Nursery and primary schools are to be provided at the Neighborhood
level.
9.2.3 Suggested Policies and Strategies for Education

The various measures that can be taken up by appropriate authority to augment and improve the educational
facilities at Bhadrak are:
• More infrastructural facilities like public library, laboratory, and computers should be provided to
schools to enhance the pupil’s learning.
• There is a need to set up more schools in villages and out growths of the planning area to improve the
people’s access to educational facilities.
• Welfare for the differently-abled children should be given due emphasis by setting up special learning
schools for them.
• Special emphasis should be laid on technical and skill based vocational education.
• More jobs oriented vocational courses should be introduced by utilizing the existing infrastructure
facilities of polytechnic institutions.
• Keeping in view, the influence zone of Bhadrak, it is suggested that more emphasis should be laid on
professional education, thus more number of professional institutes are proposed for future
development.
9.3 Health Care

To ensure the progress of any area, it is important that its citizens are healthy and have access to adequate
health infrastructure.
112
9.3.1 Existing Health care Facilities

The existing health facilities in Bhadrak include primary health centre, government and private hospitals, eye
hospital, veterinary hospital, national polio surveillance centre and nursing homes. These facilities have been set
up by both public and private sector organisations, although, the key medical facilities in the area are provided
by private sector.
9.3.2 Assessment of Future requirements and proposals

In order to cater to the population of 2.84 lakh projected for the horizon year 2030, major requirement will be of
Diagnostic centers and Family Welfare Centers. The assessment of future requirements for healthcare has been
done based on the recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.
Table 9.2 Future Requirement of Health facilities in Bhadrak
Requiremen
Requiremen
No. of Beds
Population
Standards
Area (HA)
Numbers
Future
Name
t (HA)

S. No.
Land
t
1 Intermediate Hospital (A) 1 1 / 1 lakh 100000 1 200 3.70 3.70
2 Intermediate Hospital (B) 1 1 / 1 lakh 100000 1 80 1.0 1.0
3 Nursing home, Maternity 1 1/ 45,000 45000 1 30 0.3 0.30
and Child Hospital
4 Family Welfare Centre 1 1 per 50000 pop. 50000 6 - 0.08 0.45
5 Diagnostic centre 1 1 per 50000 50000 6 - 0.08 0.45

population
6 Dispensary for pet animals 1 1 per 1 lakh 100000 3 - 0.03 0.09
and Birds population
Total 5.99
In order to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure all through the planning area, Master Plan
has proposed setting up these facilities on a hierarchical basis i.e. at City Level (Planning Area), at Planning Unit
Level, at Neighbourhood Level and lastly at Residential Area Level. For example, higher order facilities as general
hospital, intermediate hospital, etc. are to be provided at the master plan level while facilities like dispensary
should be provided at the Neighborhood level for better access to these.
9.3.3 Suggested Policies and strategies for health facilities

Some important measures that can be taken up by appropriate authority to augment and improve the Health
care system and facilities Bhadrak are:
• There is a need for the up-gradation of existing hospital, Clinics, Nursing Homes, etc in the planning
area especially those publically owned.
• Setting up of dispensaries in rural parts of the planning area which are currently absent.
• Optimization of Patients Bed Ratio and Doctors Patient Ratio is required.
• It is also important to cater to needs and welfare of the elderly and differently-abled residents of the
area. Thus, old Age Home-cum-Care Centre for Senior Citizens and Mentally Challenged should be
appropriately set-up.
• Introduction of new technology like provision of multi specialty facilities and equipments etc. in the
hospitals and primary health centers.
• There is requirement for training centers for nurses and paramedical staff like pathology, pharmacy
may be started to train local and regional students.
113
9.4 Other Social Infrastructural facilities

Other social infrastructure facilities like commercial centres; Community facilities like library, milk booths, LPG
Godowns, Police stations, Post Office, Fire stations, etc; Recreational facilities like parks, sports facilities, etc. are
also essential for the balanced development of the planning area and improving the quality of life of the its
residents.
9.4.1 Existing Scenario of other Social Infrastructural facilities

Bhadrak lacks adequate social infrastructure facilities like community halls, library, etc. There is one Cinema Hall
called Draupdi Cinema hall in the area. The convenience shopping facilities in Bhadrak have come along NH-16,
High school road and within the dense residential fabric which serves the residents of the entire planning area.
Bhadrak also lacks recreational spaces like parks and playgrounds which can also serves as lungs for the area.
Apart from few playgrounds located in educational institutions, there is Nehru Stadium located at NH-16.
Further, there is also no proper public gathering space and Mela ground in the planning area.

9.5 Assessment of Future requirements and proposal
The assessment of future requirements for commercial facilities to be developed at hierarchical level has been
done based on the recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.
Table 9.3: Future Requirement of Commercial Facilities in Bhadrak
Requirement
Population
Particulars
Total Area
Area (HA)
Standard
Future
S. No.
(HA)
1 Convenience shopping 1 for 5,000 Pop 5000 0.15 57 8.52
2 Local shopping including service 1 for 5,000 Pop 15000 0.46 19 8.71
centre
3 Community centre with service centre 1 for 1,00,000 Pop 100000 5 3 14.20
4 District centre 1 for 5 Lac Pop 500000 1 1 1.00
Amongst the various community facilities, there will be a major requirement of Community rooms, libraries,
Aaganwadi, Milk Booths, Police office, Post Office and Graveyard / Burial Grounds in the planning area. The
assessment of future requirements for various types of community facilities has been done based on the
recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.
Table 9.4: Future Requirement of Community Facilities in Bhadrak

Requirement
requirement
Population
Particulars
Total Area
Area (Ha)
Standard
Existing
Future
S. No.
(Ha)
1 Aaganwadi-Housing area/ cluster 1 for 5,000 Pop 5000 0.03 57 6 51 1.52

2 Community Room 1 for 5,000 Pop 5000 0.075 57 0 57 4.26
3 Community Hall and Library 1 for 15,000 Pop 15000 0.2 19 0 19 3.79
4 Recreational Club 1 for 1 Lac Pop 100000 1 3 0 3 2.84
5 Music, Dance and Drama Centre 1 for 1 Lac Pop 100000 0.1 3 0 3 0.28
6 Meditation and Spiritual Centre 1 for 1 Lac Pop 100000 0.5 3 0 3 1.42
7 Milk Booths 1 for 5,000 Pop 5000 0.015 57 0 57 0.85
8 LPG Godowns 1 for 50,000 Pop 50000 0.2 6 1 5 0.94
9 Police Office 1 for 15,000 Pop 15000 0.07 19 1 18 1.26
114
Requirement
requirement
Population
Particulars
Total Area
Area (Ha)
Standard
Existing
Future
S. No.
(Ha)
10 Police Station 1 for 90,000 Pop 90000 1.5 3 2 1 1.73
11 Police Post 1 for 40,000 Pop 40000 0.16 7 2 5 0.82
12 Fire Station 1 for 2 Lac Pop 200000 1 1 0 1 1.42
13 Sub Fire Station 1 for 1 Lac Pop 100000 0.6 3 1 2 1.10
14 Post Office 1 for 15,000 Pop 15000 0.6 19 1 18 10.76
15 Graveyard / Burial Ground 1 Ha site for 10000 1 28 7 21 21.41
10,000 Pop
In terms of Recreational facilities, Bhadrak will have a major requirement of cluster level and neighborhood level

parks. For the planning area, an Exhibition ground, city level sports centre, district park and Bio-
diversity/Botanical Garden have also been proposed. The assessment of future requirements for various types of
community facilities has been done based on the recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and
given in Table below.
Table 9.5 Future Requirement of Recreational Facilities in Bhadrak
Area (Ha) per

Requirement
Population
Total Area
Standards
Particular
S. No.
(Ha)
unit
1 Cluster Parks 1 / 5000 Pop 5000 57 1.5 85.22
2 Neighborhood Parks 1 / 10,000 Pop 10000 28 3 85.22
3 Sport Complex (near MET College) 1 at City Level 1 9.3 9.30
4 Exhibition Ground 1 at City Level 1 18.72 18.72
5 City Level Sports Centre 1 at City Level 1 21.2 21.20
6 District Park 1 at City Level 1 20.73 20.73
7 Bio Diversity Park / Botanical Garden 1 at City Level 1 38.1 38.10
Similar to educational and health care, for the equitable distribution of other social infrastructure facilities as
well in the planning area and to cater to the maximum number of residents in Bhadrak, the Master Plan suggests
planning for these on a hierarchical basis i.e. at City Level (Planning Area), at Planning Unit Level, at
neighbourhood Level and lastly at Residential Area Level. Further, recreational zone with many activities is
proposed to be developed as part of river front development along the River Salandi.
9.6 Power
9.6.1 Existing Scenario

The existing power supply in Bhadrak is 25 MVA. Considering the demand in the area, power supplied in the
Bhadrak is inadequate and heavy load setting is common. There is also high demand for street lighting in rural
areas of the planning area. Infrastructure like LT poles, conductors and transmission lines seem to be decades
old. Figure 9.1 below shows the locations of Main Power stations and Sub-stations in the Planning Area.
115

Map 9.1 Locations of Main Power Stations & Sub-Stations in Bhadrak
9.6.2 Estimation of Electricity Demand

Table below gives the domestic power demand for the horizon year assuming 2 KW is required for each
household. Since there will 56,871 households by then, the demand for power supply will be 113.74 MV in the
planning area.
Table 9.6 Projected Power Supply Requirement
Category Power Demand

Estimated population (2032) 284353
Households by 2032 (@ 5 persons per household) 56,871
Power Demand (2032) @ 2 KW per household 113.74 MW
9.6.3 Recommendations
In order to minimize the current and future power losses in the planning area, following measure are suggested:
• Renovation and modernization of 33/11 KV and 11 KV / 440 V sub- stations
• Installation of new transformers and capacity augmentation of existing transformers
• Metering of all connections;
• Installation of a HVDS (High Voltage Distribution System)
• Installation of LT ABC (Arial Bonded Cable)
116
444000 .000000 448000 .000000 452000 .000000
re
so
la
re
Ba
so
To
la
Ba
To
2336000 .000000
2336000 .000000
2332000 .000000
2332000 .000000
Bh
ad
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ailw
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mr
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aR
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- 9
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2328000 .000000
2328000 .000000
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nd
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-35
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tta
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2324000 .000000
2324000 .000000
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444000 .000000 448000 .000000 452000 .000000

Title : Existing Social Scale : 1:70,000
Ü
Legend:
Infrastructure Facilities
Social Infrastructure Waterbodies
Temple Aquaculture Ponds
Market Complex / Commercial Center

Kalayan Mandap/ community center/ Auditorium
G
^
n G
^
n Mosque
Church
River / Stream
Canal/ distributiory/ Power Channel/ Mahara
Govt. / Semi Govt. / Other Offices/ Institutions
^
G
Y
X
. X
! ^
G
Y
.
! Ashram / Matha

Reservoir/ Dam
Medical / Health Centers
0 380 760 1,520 Meters
Gurudwara Tanks/ WHS
Educational Centers
Religious Centers O ther
Bhadrak
Library Y X
X
.
! Y
.
!
Park/ G arden / Zoos
Sea/BoB
Social/ Cultural Centers/Clubs/Puja mandap etc.

Playground/ Stadium
Transportation
Electric Substation / Grid Station / Distribution unit National Highway
Consultants :
Beach
Fire Station State Highway
Exhibition ground / Maidan
Post Offices/Telegraph Offices/TE/Bank/ATM
Broadcasting Center / TV Centers/ Studio/Trans.Tower

zz Museum
Monuments/ Archeological sites

Railway Line
Others
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
Police Station / Help Center / Outpost / Jail
Cremation G round / Burial G round z

[z
e e
[ Heritage/ Conservation areas/ Regulated Area
Race course/ Golf course area
Planning Boundary Web: www.feedbackinfra.c om
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
10
Heritage, Culture and
Tourism
10. Heritage, Culture and Tourism

10.1 Introduction
Bhadrak is an ancient town located at a distance of approximately 159 kms from the state capital Bhubaneswar.
The historical and religious consequences of the place are well developed at Bhadrak Region. The region is rich in
heritage and culture. Apart from the rich heritage the place is also known for the famous temple of Goddess
Maa Bhadrakali. In addition the place is also well known for the popular river Baitarani which is an adobe of lord
Shiva. Odisha’s marine and agrarian affluence are also influencing the Bhadrak region.
10.2 Places for Tourism Attraction in Bhadrak

Aradi
It is a famous pilgrimage centre for Shaivaitri in the region. This place is seta to

the temple of Lord Akhandalamani. The 150 ft temple situated on the bank of
Baitrani is visited by many devotees on a daily basis. However there is a mass
congregation of devotees on the occasion of Mahasivaratri. This place is also
linked with Chandbali by boat through the river Baitarani. From Chandbali ferry
Ghat to Aradi it takes approximately 2-hours by boat.
Chandbali
This place is known for its long coastline and pristine beaches. Also it is the
entry point to the Bhitar Kanika wildlife reserve. The place is also is the entry
point to the Bhitar Kanika wildlife
reserve. He place is marked with
series of delta that has been formed by the river Baitrani. The deltaic
regions are marked with an amazing variety of flora and fauna. The
place is home to over 170-different species of migratory birds, the
Olive Ridley Turtles, reptiles like crocodiles, king cobras and pythons
and wild animals like Rhesus Deers, Sambars and spotted deers.
Dhamra Port
Slated to become the second largest port of the slate, the Dhamra Port
which is being developed jointly by L&T and Tata Steel is based on the
coastline of Bay of Bengal.
Maa Bhadrakali
The famous temple of Goddess Bhadrakali is located in the outskirts of the
revenue village Aharapada which is at a distance of 8 kms away from
Bhadrak town in the south-west direction. One has to go via Santhia and
Utarabahini in the south-west direction of Katchery Chhaka of Bhadrak
town to reach the Shrine. The popular belief is that the name of the Town
has been derived from the name of the deity.
Dhamrai
The temple of the Goddess Dhamrai is at Dhamara a small coastal township, where the river Dhamra meets the
Bay of Bengal. The place is about 60 kms from the district headquarters in the eastern direction. It is surrounded
by Chandbali in the West, Basudebpur in the North, Kalibhanjadia in the South and Bay of Bengal in the East.
Festivals in Bhadrak
117
The peoples of Odisha celebrate with huge enthusiasm are Raja, Kumar Purnima. This festival has culturally
importance for the people. People do lots of preparation for this festival. A number of special cuisines are made
for this festival. People also celebrate Kali puja, Durga puja, Maha Shiv Ratri, Dusherra, Deepawali, Eid Ul Fitar &
Urs (Dhamnagar & Shankar nagar) etc. These festivals bring lots of fun and create unity among the masses. The
positive vibes at the festival remains for all ventures. The tribal festival that people use to celebrate is Bali Yatra
at river site Salandi at Randia.
10.3 Issues
Dilapidated Condition of structures: Most of the tourism buildings are dilapidated condition i.e. washed out
walls, broken structure etc.
Unavailability of Infrastructure and Services: There is absolute lack of proper drainage and sewerage system in
the residential areas around the tourist spots. The facilities like eating joints and organized retail spaces near to
the monuments are also lacking.
Absence of Monitoring: There is no authority /Department responsible for timely monitoring of the heritage

structures and tourist places
Haphazard Development: Unplanned and un-organized development activities can be seen round various
tourist places and at some of the places, the slum development can be seen.
Lack of Promotional Activities: there is lack of promotional activities in Bhadrak to conserve and protect the
heritage structure and values. Residents of the city are not even aware of the importance of culture and heritage
of the Bhadrak Town.
Lack of Awareness among public: The peoples visiting the monument or staying in the surrounding area are not
concern to save the heritage of the city. Lettering within the premises of the building is the common practice of
the people.
Absence of Legal Plan: There is no document to guide the developments of Bhadrak town is not available.
Documentation of Heritage Structure: The heritage structures of Bhadrak region are not documented till date.
10.4 Policies on Cultural Development in Bhadrak

The proposals for propagation and development of Cultural activities at Bhadrak include:
• Promotion of Traditional Fairs and Festivals through government and NGOs participation so as to
generate awareness among the new generation towards rich cultural heritage and inviting cultural
tourism
• Development of a cultural centre at Bhadrak with infrastructural development for round the year
activities
• Centre for Development of horse dance (Ghora Naach) and handicrafts development and tourism
promotion for the region.
10.5 Policies for Development of Recreational Areas

Recreation is any physical or psychological revitalization through the voluntary pursuit of leisure time. It is an
activity which is relaxing to people and provides diversions from their normal routine. Generally there are four
types of recreation activities:
• Revitalization: restoration and enhancement of mental and physical health.
• Play: relaxation and exercise
• Adventure: excitement and challenge
• Education: organized and incidental

City level recreational facilities are of two types:
• Indoor facilities consist of libraries, clubs, cinema hall, auditorium, multiplex, art and craft
centre, shopping malls, food courts, cyber cafés, gymnasium etc.
118
• Outdoor recreation facilities consist of gardens, parks, play grounds, golf courses, zoo,
botanical garden, race course, stadium, exhibition ground, water sports complex, green ways,
bike ways etc.
10.5.1 Proposals for Augmentation and Development of Recreational Facilities
• Development of green belts, plantations, parks, Ghats, plazas along the Salandi riverfront abreast the
Urban set up and invite nature in harsh built environment through myriad ways.
• Amusement Parks to be developed along with horticulture, Pisi-culture, herbal parks, etc.
• Development of eco-tourism with provision of water theme parks, lagoon resorts, weekend resorts
and world class recreation centres such as club towns, golf clubs, spa resorts, etc. at Planning Area
level
10.6 Policies for Development on Tourism Development

As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible elements. Major tangible elements include
transportation, accommodation, and other components of a hospitality industry. Major intangible elements
relate to the purpose or motivation for becoming a tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new
people and experience other cultures, or simply to do something different or have an adventure.
Tourism is vital for every place, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by
tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment and
economic advancement by working in the industry. For these reasons government and private agencies
sometimes promote a specific region as a tourist destination, and support the development of a tourism
industry in that area. The contemporary phenomenon of mass tourism may sometimes result in
overdevelopment; however alternative forms of tourism such as ecotourism seek to avoid such outcomes by
pursuing tourism in a sustainable way.
Bhadrak Region offer great potential for tourism development. According to the existing scenario analysis, it has
been observed that the following categories of tourism have immense potentialities for this region:
• Religious Tourism with historically important structures such as temples and other outdoor
worshipping areas in the vicinity
• Cultural and Heritage Tourism with annual / seasonal traditional village fairs and festivals, folk
or tribal socio-cultural events with arts, crafts, music, dance etc.
• Nature based outdoor recreation and Eco-tourism for hills, forest, riverfront / derelict stone
quarries and vast agricultural area/ village settlements with undulating landforms including
picnic spots, sightseeing, camping sites etc. Presence of all these tourism products calls for the
growth of Adventure Tourism.
10.6.1 Integrated Approach and Strategy for Development of Tourism

The strategies for Tourism development at Bhadrak Planning Area includes:
• Coordinated Marketing to attract more tourists from other states and foreigners.
• Enhancing Product Quality so as to create a brand image for tourist destinations and enhancing
service quality.
• Facilitating Travel for easy access of tourists to major urban centres and tourist destinations.
• Developing Human Resources for lasting impression
• Developing Eco-tourism based on Nature and Culture for Sustainable Tourism Development.
119
• Developing Tourism Travel Circuits for destinations having a common theme.
• Enabling Private Sector Participation for accelerated growth of the industry and efficiency in
facilities and services.
10.7 Heritage Management and Organizational Structure

There is a need to setup a Heritage Committee for Bhadrak Panning Area. The concerned Development
Authorities/municipalities as well as local stakeholders, NGOs have significant role to play in successful
implementation of strategies proposed for Bhadrak’s Areas.
Formulations of special regulations to control or mediate development within the available heritage areas are a
prerequisite for effective implementation of the proposed recommendations. Special regulations for all
development within heritage areas, including new construction, demolition or modification to existing buildings
around historic structures or within historic precincts must be formulated by the concerned authority with the
advice of Heritage Committee as per the provision mentioned in ‘Conservation of Heritage Buildings, Heritage

Precincts and Natural Features’ (section 54) of the Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning & Building
Standards) Regulations, 2008.
Detail plans must be prepared by respective development Authorities and Municipalities. It is necessary to
prepare an inventory of built, cultural and natural heritage resources of the special areas. The inventory must
include both protected and unprotected resources. the cost for most of the new developments in special
heritage areas is already covered in budget allocation for ‘Tourism, Recreation and Culture’ and hence not
included in this table. Estimates for projects those are specific for preservation of heritage resources are only
included. River Front Development is treated as a separate item of budgetary allocation.
10.8 Conclusion
The relevant policy guidelines and management of cultural and natural heritage can rejuvenate and revitalize the
Bhadrak region and support the existing cultural identity. It can also promote tourism, boost local economy and
contribute a great sense of pride amongst the residents and become a touchstone for future development.
120
11
Environment and Disaster
11. Environment and Disaster

11.1 Introduction
The impacts of disasters, whether natural or man-made, not only have human dimensions, but environmental
ones as well. Environmental conditions may exacerbate the impact of a disaster, and vice versa, disasters have
an impact on the environment. Deforestation, forest management practices, agriculture systems etc. can
exacerbate the negative environmental impacts of a storm or typhoon, leading to landslides, flooding, silting and
ground/surface water contamination. The majority of risks and vulnerabilities that humans are facing have
environmental precedence, whether natural or built environments. Human production and consumption
patterns lead to environmental degradation, which results in exacerbation of natural risks and hazards.
11.2 Air Environment

Air is a precious resource and is vital to life on earth. Maintaining good air quality in the Bhadrak region is an
important factor in environmental protection and the protection of human health. Sources of air pollution
affecting our air quality are both natural, such as emissions from fires, and anthropogenic (man-made), such as
industrial, vehicle and home heating emissions etc.
11.2.1 The pollution level

The air pollution in the Bhadrak planning areas is due to emission of pollutants from vehicles and industrial area
of Baudpur. The Bond Chhak, Kutchary Chhak, National Highway-16, Chandabali bypass road Chhak, railway
station road have the high concentration of air pollutants in comparison of other parts of the planning area. The
area in the vicinity of the FACOR power plant and FACOR industry is having high concentration of SPM and
particulate matters.

The following mitigation measures need to be taken to protect the air environment from various pollutants:
• Need to setup monitoring stations at various critical locations in the planning area. Further, a detailed
air quality analysis of the planning area is to be done to identify the sources of air polluting units
including the source apportionment study for key pollutants, especially particulate pollutants and NOX.
• The pollutants emissions from vehicular sources should be given importance as these are sources of
direct ground level pollution in any region. The Bhadrak should be equipped with sufficient number of
auto emission testing centers where the petrol and diesel driven vehicles could be tested and certified.
• Provision of green belt comprising thick plantation of minimum 200 m width around FACOR power
plant and FACOR industry and other factories located in the peripheral of Bhadrak. The Industries are to
be advised to maintain stack heights above the inversion layer.
• The green belt development and afforestation should be encouraged along the national highway and on
major roads and around major factories, which may act as sink for air pollutants.
121
• Target the particulate matter levels especially re-suspension of road dust and soil dust. As far as
possible convert the unpaved roads to paved roads to minimize re-suspension of road SPM and
associated particulate pollution levels.
11.3 Water Environment

The planning area lacks waste water treatment
facilities, the waste water from households through
various natural drains and man-made drains disposed-
off into river Salandi. The discharge of waste water
into Salandi River increases its BOD level at various
discharge points. Apart from the sewage discharge
other non-point source of pollution are presence of
Dhobi Ghats along the bank, presence of illegal

construction along the Ghats, Puja Samagri dumping
into the River Salandi and its tributaries.

The data procured from the Pollution Control Board revealed that the high levels of Biological Oxygen Demand
(BOD) for drain water which is direct result of waste water discharge from households. These drain meetings the
river are prime cause of pollution in river water. BOD levels are much higher as compared to the desired
standard of 30 mg/l whereas Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels are within the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l.
11.3.2 Proposals
• Available literature suggests that the water quality in River Salandi shows a decreasing trend with lower
quality levels at some points. Since the waste loads from drains ultimately finds its way to these rivers, in
general, care should be taken to see that the river is not polluted much above its carrying capacity.
• Mandatory to construct soak pits of required capacity along with Septic tank to arrest seepage of waste
water into ground water.
• The minimum clearance prescribed should be maintained between wells and septic tanks or soak pits.
The application for building permits should contain all these information and should be made mandatory.
The residents are to be advised against the improper construction and management of septic tanks and
soak pits which will ultimately lead to ground water contamination.
• Open defecation in the rural and semi-urban especially in slums and along nallah and river areas may
contribute to the surface water or well-water pollution. So, necessary steps may be initiated to construct
low cost community latrines in these areas, especially in slums to solve this problem.
11.4 The noise environment

The noise level at congested intersection i.e. Bond Chhak, Station Road and on Kutchery road is high during the
day time due to vehicles. The use of loud speakers during the festival times in residential areas is the main
source of noise pollution in Bhadrak planning area.
11.4.1 Proposals
• Steps should be taken to control the use of loud speakers, especially in residential areas. In no case are
loud speakers to be permitted after 10 p.m.
• Green belt along the roads and near the junctions also helps in reduction of noise pollution due to
vehicles
11.5 Need for Disaster Mitigation

The coastal climatic conditions of Bhadrak region make the area vulnerable to various disasters such as cyclone,
flood, earthquake etc. It is therefore necessary, to reduce the consequences of natural disasters through
122
Planning and subsequently preparing a list of guidelines for the major urban communities so that the local
capacity is strengthened and they are prepared to respond to natural disasters.
11.5.1 Vulnerability Issues in Bhadrak Planning Area
11.5.1.1 Earthquake and Fire

Bhadrak falls into Zone – II i.e. low damage risk zone. Hence Bhadrak is not vulnerable to earthquake. The forest
areas are also not present in the Bhadrak planning area which may result in natural fire in this forest.
11.5.1.2 Flood and cyclone

Out of the natural disaster in the region, flood is most devastating and frequent disaster. The most of the annual
rainfall in the region is concentrated over a short monsoon period of 3 months results flood situations in the
region. Due to overflow in Salandi River the maximum planning area of Bhadrak faces flood frequently.
Damages of agriculture land, housing, livelihood loss etc. are the after effects of flood. Due to poor economic
condition of Bhadrak region large number of population comes under vulnerable line.

The east coast of India is one of the six most cyclone-prone areas in the world. Of all serve cyclones that make
landfall on the eastern cost, 20% hit Odisha, particularly during April-May and September – November months.
Once every 2-3 decades, a serve cyclone strikes this region. All the coastal districts are vulnerable to cyclones
and Bhadrak is one of them.
Figure 11.1: Flood Vulnerability of Bhadrak
11.5.1.3 Environment and Public health

The higher rate of population growth in Bhadrak as compared to the increase in urban land has led to the
increase in daytime population density per sq. km. This is the prime cause of degradation of the urban
environment of Bhadrak Planning Area. The unplanned, unrestricted urban sprawl along the narrow lanes and
pathways, without any firm land use policy has added to the Urban Environment Degradation. Lack of civic
amenities in densely populated residential areas, unsanitary conditions and narrow winding streets have further
aggravated the conditions. This is more prominent during the rains when most of the streets are flooded and
many low-lying areas (i.e. located on the bank of Salandi River) remain submerged for several days. The problem
is accentuated as the underground drainage system is yet to be active and the entire sewerage is discharged
123
through open drains. Open dump yards are yet another menace to the environment. The lack of solid waste
dump yard affects the sanitation of the town. There are nallahs and HL Canal covered with weeds and the worst
part of it is that there are slums and week housing along canals.
11.5.1.4 Traffic Congestion

In the old areas of the Bhadrak, the roads are very narrow and winding, suitable only for smaller vehicles. Thus,
narrow roads with heavy traffic are the major concern of the old part of the town. Areas like Chandan Bazaar,
Kutchery are the areas where there is more traffic congestion and traffic jam has become a chronic problem. No
one-way system of movement has yet been implemented to simplify this problem. To add to this, there are
several illegal encroachments and temporary stalls along the road sides by the hawkers and also by the shop
owners further decreasing the width of the road.
In absence of space availability for parking in the city, incidence of on-road parking is found everywhere, adding
to the woe of traffic.

11.5.2 Summary of Findings
11.5.2.1 Cyclone and Flood

• The main reason of flooding situation at Bhadrak Planning Area are the low lying areas created by
excavation of soil. The residents usually constructing all new buildings with high plinth - created out of
soil excavation from nearby areas, thereby forming random low lying areas in the peripheral of the urban
areas.
• Construction of buildings by diverting the natural drains and reclamation of water bodies for the
construction are also accelerating risk flooding in planning area.
• Most of the areas along the river Salandi and other natural drains are occupied by the slum dwellers that
put up their hutments and often carry out their livelihood activities thereby increasing the vulnerability
for natural disaster.
11.5.2.2 Earthquake and Fire

• The core areas of Bhadrak i.e. Chandan Bazaar, Banka Bazaar, area around Bhadrak railway station road
are having high dense development unsafe buildings, thereby increasing the risk of earthquake and fire
risks
• The new development that are constructing at present does not fully adhere to the norms of seismic and
cyclone safety norms.
• Large % of slums in the core of the town and furthering increase in their population living in unsafe
structures are more prone of to earthquake and fire.
• Most of the high rise buildings do not have proper space for the MFEs or the provision of fire-hydrant
systems installed.
11.5.3 State Initiative and Objectives

The Odisha State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA) was set up on 28 December 1999 as the first disaster
management authority in the country. The main objectives of OSDMA are:
• To act as the nodal agency for disaster reconstruction works
• To coordinate with the line departments involved in reconstruction
• To coordinate with bilateral and multi-lateral aid agencies
• To coordinate with UN Agencies, international, national, and state-level NGOs
• To promote disaster preparedness at all levels in the state
• To network with similar and relevant organizations for disaster management
• To prepare suitable guidelines for disaster mitigation
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11.5.4 Proposals for Disaster Mitigation

As natural disasters cannot be prevented, appropriate mitigation measures need to be taken to reduce the
extent of damage, destruction and human suffering.
11.5.4.1 Cyclone
Some of the proposals for Cyclone Disaster Mitigation are:
• A thick plantation belt of 0.5 km to be created all along the River Salandi
• Adopt strict enforcement on illegal cutting of forests and protection of existing forest reserve
• Building byelaws to be suitably modified as per the guidelines of the National Disaster Management
Authority
• In some special cases, these byelaws may be suitably amended as per the judgment of the architect to
avoid tunneling effect between buildings while designing a cluster of buildings
• Recreating the forest resources within the designated forest areas through the following measures:
▪ Re-densification of forest.

▪ Afforestation of the denuded forest land.
▪ Restoration of forest land and afforestation.
▪ Identification of open Govt. / vested lands and temporary afforestation for revenue
generation.
11.5.4.2 Flood
The various measures adopted for flood mitigation may be categorized into two groups:
▪ Structural
▪ Non- structural
The general approach is aimed at preventing floodwaters from reaching the potential damage centers, as a
result of which a large number of embankments should be constructed along the various flood prone rivers. The
main thrust of the flood protection programme to be undertaken in future in the form of structural measures
may be grouped into the following:
▪ Dams and Reservoirs
▪ Embankments
▪ Natural detention basin
▪ Channel improvement
▪ Drainage improvement
▪ Diversion of floodwaters
The non-structural measures, on the other hand, aiming at modifying the susceptibility to flood damages as
included in the plan include:
▪ Modifying the susceptibility to flood damages through:
▪ Flood plain management
▪ Flood proofing including disaster preparedness, and response planning
▪ Flood forecasting and Warning
Some of the suggested broad guidelines for flood mitigation in CDPA region are:
• Rainwater harvesting is to be made mandatory for all new buildings with more than 200 sq. m. roof area
• Storm water harvesting has to be carried out to utilize the excess water through creation of lakes and
water bodies that would facilitate irrigation and put less pressure on the drainage systems in post flood
situations
• Storm water drainage for the city as well as for individual premises must be properly designed
• In flood prone areas, buildings should preferably be designed on stilts leaving ground space free of any
important activities, with no basement
• A regional plan approach is to be followed for evolving the policies in regulating the carrying capacity of
the river /nallahs
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• The vulnerable areas susceptible to annual flooding should be earmarked as the catchment’s detention
areas. During the off flooding period the stagnant water is to be drained off to the nearby water channels
with preliminary treatment
• Mapping of yearly flood pattern to be recorded by Irrigation Department
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12
Development Management
and Finance
12. Development Management and Finance

12.1 Introduction
The sustainable development of projects identified in Bhadrak Master Plan requires coordination between
various line departments and adequate funds from different agencies (private and Governmental).
Implementation of Bhadrak Master Plan (BMP) would entail establishment of new infrastructure and up-
gradation of existing ones. Projects that include new construction, as well as, major improvement of existing
roads and interchanges, installation or replacement of infrastructure (water, sewer, storm drainage, electrical,
telephone) networks, re-development of slum areas including construction of large number of residential units
for the growing population, provision of new industrial sites, regional and local commercial complexes, transport
terminals, entertainment complexes, tourism facilities, provision of open spaces and solid waste management,
fire services etc, shall need to be implemented and then managed properly for delivering services to

beneficiaries.
The sources of funding available to existing major development agencies such as Special Planning Authority
(SPA), Bhadrak Municipal Council (BMC) and the Village Panchayats have been looked into and their
performances evaluated. The new roles of the urban local bodies in the context of urban governance have also
been evaluated.
12.1.1 Implementation Plan

The various projects identified for Special Planning Authority (SPA) and the concerned Government Departments
in line with the Vision statement – 2030 for Bhadrak Planning Area are detailed in Table below.
Table 12.1: Institutional Framework for Project Implementation
S. No. Location Project Name Concerned Department

Urban Development
1 Core area of Bhadrak Urban Renewal of Core Old Areas of ASI, BMC, SPA
Town Bhadrak Town
2 Core area of Bhadrak Development of Heritage Buildings of ASI, Bhadrak Municipal
Town Bhadrak Town Council, SPA
3 Distributed in Town Rehabilitation of Slums dwellers (42- BMC, H&UDD
Pockets) along River Salandi and on Water
Bodies located in Planning Area
4 Bhadrak Planning Area Green Belt along Major Proposed Roads R & B Division
5 Ward 13 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 13 (10.20 SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Ha) Revenue Dept, Trade &
Commerce Dept
6 Ward 28 Neighbourhood centre at Ward 28 (10.34 SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Commerce Dept
7 Beka Neighbourhood Centre at Beka (10.02 Ha) SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Revenue Dept, Trade &
Commerce Dept
Commerce Dept
9 Ward 17 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 17 (10.09 SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Commerce Dept
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Commerce Dept
11 Erein Neighbourhood Centre at Erein (10.04 Ha) SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Commerce Dept
12 Erein Neighbourhood centre at Erein (10.57 Ha) SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Commerce Dept
Commerce Dept
14 Randia Neighbourhood centre at Randia (10.07 Ha) SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
Commerce Dept

15 Samarayapur Neighbourhood centre at Samarayapur SPA, BMC, H&UDD,
(10.18 Ha) Revenue Dept, Trade &
Commerce Dept
Water Supply System
16 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Water Supply Water Resource Dept, PHE
(BPA) System for Bhadrak Planning Area Dept, BMC, SPA
17 Existing Bhadrak Town Improvement of Water Supply System of Water Resource Dept, PHE
Bhadrak Dept, BMC, SPA
18 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of truck water distribution System in Water Resource Dept, PHE
new Areas Dept, BMC, SPA
Power
19 Existing Bhadrak Town Renovation and modernization of 33/11 KV State Electricity Board,
and 11 KV / 440 V sub- stations BMC
20 Existing Bhadrak Town Installation of new transformers and State Electricity Board,
capacity augmentation of existing BMC
transformers
21 Existing Bhadrak Town Metering of all connections State Electricity Board,
BMC
22 Existing Bhadrak Town Installation of a HVDS (High Voltage State Electricity Board,
Distribution System); BMC
23 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Power Supply State Electricity Board,
System for Bhadrak Planning Area BMC
Sewerage System
24 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Sewerage System PHE Dept, BMC, SPA
for Bhadrak Planning Area
25 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of Sewer Network for Planning Area PHE Dept, BMC, SPA
26 Ward 29 Construction of STP (14 MLD) on 3.31 PHE Dept, BMC, SPA
Hectare of Land
27 Ward 28 Construction of STP (15 MLD) on 3.34 PHE Dept, BMC, SPA
Hectare of Land
Solid Waste Management

28 Bhadrak Planning Area Improvement and Modernization of Solid BMC, SPA
Waste Collection, Transportation and
Disposal System of Bhadrak
29 Bramhapur Development of Solid Waste Engineering BMC, SPA
Landfill Site on 8.99 Hectare of Land
Drainage System
30 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Drainage System for PHE Dept, BMC, SPA,
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Bhadrak Planning Area Revenue Dept.
31 Bhadrak Town Cleaning and maintenance of existing main PHE Dept, BMC, SPA,
drains Revenue Dept.
32 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of Road side drains in new proposed PHE Dept, BMC, SPA,
areas within Bhadrak Planning Area Revenue Dept.
33 Bhadrak Town Construction and Improvement of Existing PHE Dept, BMC, SPA,
Storm Water Drains Revenue Dept.
Water Bodies
34 Bhadrak Planning Area Repair and Renovation of Water Bodies in Revenue and Water
Planning Area Resource Dept., BMC
35 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Green Belt around all Revenue and Water
water bodies Resource Dept., BMC
36 Bhadrak Planning Area Excavation and Renovation of High Level Revenue and Water
Canal Resource Dept.

37 Bhadrak Planning Area Excavation and Cleaning of River Salandi Revenue and Water
within Bhadrak Planning Area Resource Dept.
38 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Salandi Riverfront as Revenue and Water
recreational zone Resource Dept.
39 Bhadrak Town Repair and Renovation of Existing Road BMC, Road Department,
Network of Bhadrak Town NHAI, PWD
40 Ward 4 and Baudpur Improvement and Renovation of Bhadrak Railway Department, SPA
and Baudpur Railway Stations
41 Ward 24 Development of Bus terminal – I (5.04 Ha) Revenue Dept, SPA
42 Randia Development of Bus terminal – II (5.13 Ha) Revenue Dept, SPA
43 Gelpur Development of Integrated Freight Revenue Dept,
Complex - I (58.89 Ha) Transportation Dept, SPA
44 Palasinga Development of Integrated Freight Revenue Dept,
Complex - II (21.07 Ha) Transportation Dept, SPA
45 Ward 7 Development of Truck Terminal (10.00 Ha) Revenue Dept,
Transportation Dept, SPA
Commercial
46 Erein Development of Commercial/ District Dept of Commerce,
Centre (14.94 Ha) Revenue Dept.
47 Ward 1 Development of Wholesale and Trade Dept of Commerce,
Centre (75.94 Ha) Revenue Dept.
48 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Aqua Culture Ponds Dept of Fishery, SPA
49 Ward 17 Development of Multi-Specialist Hospital (1 Health Dept, SPA
Ha)
50 Ward 13 Development of Educational Research Hub Education Dept, SPA
(31.23 Ha)
51 Ward 25 Development of a ITI (4.26 Ha) Education Dept, SPA
Environment and Ecology
52 Elekha and Korkora Development of Bio-Diversity Park (50.43 SPA, Tourism Department
Ha)
53 Bhadrak Planning Area Plantation along River, Canal, Nallah and BMC, SPA, Forest Dept
Water Bodies
Recreational
54 Ward 13 Development of Sport Centre cum Complex Tourism & Sport
(27.11 Ha) Department, BMC, SPA
55 Asura Development of Exhibition Ground (69.44 BMC, SPA
Ha)
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56 Kuntala Development of City Level Park (12.20 Ha) BMC, SPA
57 Ward 4 Development of City Level Park (8.00 Ha) Tourism & Sport
Department, BMC, SPA
58 Asura Development of Recreational Park (41.67 Tourism & Sport
Ha) Department, BMC, SPA
59 Randia Development of Zonal Park (15.21 Ha) Tourism & Sport
Department, BMC, SPA
Industrial Area
60 Ranja, Tisalpur Development of Industrial Estate –I (165.20 Revenue & Industrial
Ha) Dept., IDCO
61 Korant, Randia Development of Industrial Estate – II Revenue & Industrial
(205.07 Ha) Dept., IDCO
12.2 Strategy for Plan Implementation

There are three essential elements in any successful plan implementation strategies:
▪ Clearly identified set of projects
▪ Adequate sources of finances for the required investment
▪ A flexible, pragmatic and responsive approach to management of development
process.
12.3 Projectization and Packaging the Projects

The plan proposals are statements of intention, or at best, a guiding framework which need to be translated into
a set of implementable projects. Then the projects shall need to be prioritized, suitably packaged and the
phasing of implementation determined.
12.4 Institutional Framework

The establishment of appropriate organizational/institutional set up along with procedural layout is as important
as finances. The set of organization/institution would need to work in a coordinated manner so that the
proposed initiatives from project conception, formulation, financing, execution and operation and maintenance
through the project lives can happen as conceived or visualized. The concerned agencies in the Bhadrak Planning
Area will be Special Planning Authority (SPA), Bhadrak Municipal Council (BMC), and Rural i.e. Panchayat Samitis.
The necessity on convergence of planning and development initiatives, particularly those identified in the
Master Plan, is of immense importance. Observations on some of the relevant issues concerning urban
management are discussed below.
12.4.1 Inter-Agency Coordination

Coordination among various agencies for providing infrastructure and services in the urban areas requires
consideration on priority. Execution has to be done in a planned and coordinated manner. There is an evident
need to re-strategies and streamline the responsibility of the functions of the participating agencies. Many
programmes have suffered serious setback due to lack of adequate communication, commitment, co-operation
and co-ordination between different agencies and department within. Greater participation of the citizen and
other stakeholders must generate better partnership. Partnership should go beyond mere participation in
emphasizing collaborative activities among interested groups, based on mutual recognition of respective
strength and weaknesses.
12.4.2 Establishment of a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to Implement the Plan

The task being implementation of a dynamic plan, demands a wide range of technical, financial and
management skills to be successful, it may be preferable that to establish a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to
implement the plan or to contract out services needed rather than to hire in-house staff. It could be setting up of
a joint venture company between the Government and the Private Entrepreneurs, financial institutions like
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HUDCO etc, on the basis of equity distribution as may be mutually agreed upon. This could also be a company on
the CIDCO model. In order to expedite development and attract developers, following may be provided:
▪ A bankable risk sharing mechanism
▪ Mortgage leasehold rights
▪ Exempt first sale on transfer from payment of Stamp Duty or Registration fees
▪ Exempt all inputs from sales tax during construction
12.4.3 Involvement of Private Sectors

In addition to all the government agencies, the State’s corporate and the private sector will need to play an
active role in the development of Bhadrak Planning Area. The following areas need immediate private sector
involvement for achieving the required momentum:
• Advocacy: Seminars and reports on local issues and press conferences to spread awareness.
• Funding: Advertisements (bus shelters, public toilets, roads, street lights and donations or sponsorship
for key projects

• Infrastructure creation: Visible business models for roads, parks and gardens, public toilets and slum
rehabilitation. .
• Management resources: High caliber management of Government and other non-profiting agencies
and task forces for specific business related initiatives (e.g. Land issues).
• Independent project: Venture capital funding and image marketing.
12.5 Urban Governance

Both in India and in Orissa, the Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies are institutional forms
representing decentralized planning, accompanied by the devolution of power and people’s participation. The
process of building institutions at local level in Orissa attained its peak only after 1985 when the Government
decided to revitalize the Local Self Government. The 74th CAA, 1992, of the GoI has imparted constitutional
status on the ULBs and has assigned appropriate functions to them. A constitutional basis is given to the
relationship of the ULBs with the state Government with respect to their functions and powers, ensuring timely
and regular elections, arrangements for revenue sharing etc ULBs are given additional powers including
preparation of local development plans, programmes for ensuring social justice, and environmental
management there by making them more responsive to the local needs. This was the noble attempt to overhaul
the Local Self Government and introduce drastic systematic changes in it. The tenure of these bodies is fixed for
five years. The Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 have come into for w.e.f 11.02.2003. The Proposed
Bhadrak Master Plan should look into:
• Redefining the role and responsibilities of Municipal Council and SPA
• The Municipalities and other urban areas must augment their status of Governance and strengthen
capacity building
• It is expected that some of the non-municipal areas will attain municipal status
• It is further expected that proposed distribution of development will also suggest creation of new
municipalities
The National Action Plan for Good Urban Governance (Government of India & UNCHS) with specific focus on
Participatory Planning Process along with strengthening the local bodies have been accepted and adopted by the
State Governments. This has been also reflected in their various Legislative efforts. Salient points have been
towards:
• Active decentralization of power.
• Facilitating with more planning and development functions as well as taxing powers.
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• Improve Capacity Building of local bodies by introduction of community participation and delivery of
public services. Interactive participation of Ward Committees, CDS and HHW is made responsible for
infrastructural development at the community level.
• Augment resource base for revenue generation including rationalized fiscal transfer.
• Adopting modern financial tools for development functions.
• Change of mindset and public awareness is essential for implementation of Cost Recovery.
• Enhancement of Tax base and improvement of collection of Property Tax and other taxes.
• Thrust and focus on adopting Transformation in Civic engagement.
• Expanded role in capital budgeting and selecting their priority schemes.
• The integration of urban local bodies with its own decentralized management through ward
committees as well as with the high level District Planning Committees is essential.

• The participation through micro planning process, prioritization of needs, organizing community
structure as well as hygiene education program are the essential framework.
• Trans-Municipal Projects, should be centrally examined by the specialized and higher level agencies,
who should be entrusted for planning designing etc with active participation, and involvement of
concerned ULBs
• Training of officials as well as non-officials connected with all agencies and institutions need to be given
appropriate training so as to enable them perform the new set of tasks
• Augmenting capacity building in collecting base line information, data up dating and compilation in GIS
format
• Municipalisation of urban centers at appropriate time must be organized.
• Involvement and induction of professionally trained urban planners, engineers and architects must be
considered for various institutions as a part of capacity building.
• All institutions must also be supported by modern communication and information technology.
• Strong capacity to ensure the delivery of services through a variety of mechanism.
• Adopt appropriate regulatory system.
• Generate strong public trust and public access to information.
12.5.1 Good Governance

The principals of high impact governance have been distilled to identify the major issues for Bhadrak Region
• Create the right structure
• Make the concerned agencies accountable by instituting target setting, MoUs and monitoring processes
• Streamline key processes
▪ Redesigning the Development Control and Building approval process
▪ Strengthening internal systems through accounting reforms
• Increasing dialogue with citizens
▪ E – governance
▪ Citizen involvement in Prioritization of projects at grass root level
▪ Strengthening of Grievance Redressal System
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• Generate momentum through quick wins

• Institute a report card system for all agencies
12.6 Legislation
The evolutionary process of development needs have been reflected in the new legislation and amendments of
existing legislation. The following Acts are in operation:
• Odisha Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956 (Odisha Act 10 of 1957).
• Odisha Development Authority Act, 1982 (Odisha Act 14 of 1982).
• Odisha Development Authority Rules, 1983.
• 73rd & 74 Constitution Amendment Act in 1992.
• Odisha Municipal Corporation Act, 2003
• Panchayat Extension to Schedule Areas Act (PESA), 1996

• Odisha Zilla Parishad Act, 1994
• Odisha Gram Panchayat Act
• Cuttack Development Authority (Planning and Building standards) Draft Regulations 2010
• Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (1958) and the Rules of
1959
• Section 4 of the (Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act 1975
The following Rules are in operation:
• Odisha Zilla Parishad Rules 2001
• Odisha Zilla Parishad Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Odisha Panchayat Samiti Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Odisha Gram Panchayat Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Odisha Gram Panchayat Rules 2002
12.6.1 Odisha Municipal Corporation Act 2003

The Act came into force with effect from February 11, 2003:
• Empowers elected persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration by
assigning them with various functions of the corporation.
• Envisaged democratic decentralization by devolving powers and functions to the corporation on one
hand and introducing decentralized planning on the other.
• Appointment of officers to receive complaints relating to the provision of the various services of the
Corporation and to arrive at a settlement by agreement through negotiation by passing award in
accordance with the provisions of the Arbitration Land Conciliation Act, 1996
12.6.2 Odisha Development Authority Act 1982

The salient features of the Act are:
• Extension of the provisions of the Act over the identified area and declaring such area as a development
area.
• Constitution of Development Authority.
• Preparation of interim, comprehensive and zonal development plans.
• Publication of development plans for inviting objections and suggestions.
133
• Finalizing the development plan in the light of objections and suggestions.

• Approval of the development plan by the State Government.
• Enforcement of the provisions of the development plan, zoning regulations and planning and building
standards by the Development Authorities by way of issuing permissions for construction of buildings.
• Preparation of development schemes and their implementation
12.7 Land Use Policy

Adhering to the requirements of environment the current thinking is in favor of flexible land use, which reaps
the synergies between workplace, residence and transportation as well as also between complementary
vocations. Ideally land use should be responsive to the dynamics of market. The proposed Master Plan has
indicated the land use pattern to accommodate the dynamic growth of the planning area using land efficiently in
a planned manner, fulfilling the conservation obligation.

12.8 Development Promotion Regulation
The contents or proposals of Bhadrak Master Plan outlining the development of various areas suggested through
Land Use Zoning or Development Promotion Guidelines serves as legal instrument for planning and execution.
Bhadrak Master Plan primarily being a policy document did not attempt to show very many details of land use
and adopt a very simplified main use. On the basis of the Urban Regional Development Plans Formulations and
Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines, 2014 of the Ministry of Urban Development suggested simplified
Development Control Rules for the different Land Uses, an exhaustive list of activities / use premises has been
prepared.
We have followed the land use categories as specified by the Special Planning Authority Bhadrak and URDPFI
with minor changes in the classification. Residential Use Zone, Retail Commercial and Business Use Zone,
Wholesale Commercial Use Zone, Industrial Use Zone, Public and Semi-public Use Zone, Utilities and Services
Use Zone, Recreational Use Zone, Transportation Use Zone, Agriculture and Forest Use Zone and Water Bodies
Use Zone have been retained as it is. Special Area Use zone has been re-grouped as:
(i) Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone
(ii) Special Heritage Use Zone
Environmentally sensitive river front areas, forest areas, marshy areas etc. as Environmentally Sensitive Use and
old built up areas, scenic value, archaeological sites, etc as Special Heritage Use.
12.9 Financing Urban Development

The financing urban development in a sustained manner requires looking at two major aspects of financing, viz.
capital finances and revenue finances. Capital financing that usually figures in the current account of
development budget pertains to development of urban infrastructure comprising civic services (utility)
infrastructure, social infrastructure and economic or commercial infrastructure. For achieving this, it would be
imperative to mobilize adequate resources. Traditionally they have been funded through budgetary support of
Central, State Government and local bodies through five-year plans and the annual plans. These resources have
in some cases been supplemented by assistance from sources such as World Bank, multilateral agencies such as
ADB, JBIC, CFIC, USAID, DFID and UNICEF etc as partly grants and partly as loans. The domestic financial
institutions like HUDCO, HDFC and NHB have also provided financial assistance for urban infrastructure
development projects. ICICI, IDBI, UTI and commercial banks have also made forays into the sector with their
urban infrastructure portfolios. However, with the process of economic liberalization being in practice
throughout the country, the public sector resources are becoming increasingly scarce. On the other hand,
domestic financial institutions lay emphasis on financial viability of projects, which is hardly possible for most of
the basic services infrastructure projects to match. Assistance from international donor agencies is also
134
appearing hard to come by. In this context, exploring alternative sources of financing capital investment is the
major option left.
12.9.1 Innovative Options for Resource Mobilisation

Infrastructure financing requires long-term lending, whereas the normal borrowing in the Indian capital and debt
market is short-term only. Financial Institution would need a mix of resources and balanced combination of
lending portfolio constituting both long and short-term fund. Some of such suggested mechanism is listed below.
(iii) Consortium Finances
(iv) Development Authority Bond or Municipal Bond
(v) Project Initialization Fund / Project Development Fund
(vi) Foreign Direct Investment
(vii) Leveraging Insurance Sector Funds
(viii) Special Economic Zone

Some of the areas could be brought under Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as duty free zones for industrial, services
and trade operations to attract foreign investment and facilitate expeditious development. They will be treated
as priority areas in the provision of infrastructure, convergence in statutory clearance, exemption from duties
and levies as well as liberal regulations.
(ix) Public Private Partnership
(x) Bhadrak Master Plan Capital Infrastructure Fund
It is proposed to create a dedicated Bhadrak Master Plan capital infrastructure fund, which can attract debt and
private finance.
12.9.2 Revenue Financing Options

Capital investments on infrastructure entail expenditure on recurrent basis for proper operation and
maintenance, without which delivery of services would not happen as expected and the same would frustrate
the very objectives of capital investment programmes carried out. Any capital investment expenditure calls for
meeting, on recurrent basis, the requirement of funds for debt servicing, operation and maintenance and capital
replacement reserve. Some of the innovative instruments are:
a) Water Supply
▪ Advance registration fees.
▪ Enhancement of water tariff and metering
▪ Connection charges
▪ Water tax
▪ Development Charges
▪ Other sources such as property tax,
▪ Sale of plots etc.
b) Sewerage
▪ Connection charges
▪ Sewerage Tax
▪ Conservancy tax
▪ Sale of sludge
▪ Sale of renewable waste
▪ Fines for untreated effluent disposal
c) Solid Waste Management
▪ Collection charge
▪ Cess
▪ Sale of renewable waste
135
▪ Fines on Dumping waste

d) Roads
▪ Toll tax
▪ Advertising rights
▪ Cess on diesel and petrol
▪ Land as a resource
e) Airport/ Railway Station / Bus Terminus
▪ Toll tax
▪ User charges for transport terminals
▪ Advertising rights
▪ Land as resources
▪ Surcharge on tickets
g) Property tax reforms

One area that needs adequate attention is the collection of property tax on which count most of the
municipalities in the state have performed poorly. Property tax is the single largest source of revenue and is an
indirect user charge for municipal services whose benefits are collective and are not confined to any identified
individual. Reform in property tax is necessary to for promoting efficiency through linking of provision of
municipal services closely to their financing. Some recommended Property tax reforms are:
(xi) simplification of tax laws

(xii) coverage of tax net
(xiii) valuation accuracy
(xiv) collection efficiency
(xv) rate setting
(xvi) administrative incentives and
(xvii) Policy and institutional reforms.
Steps should be taken for transparent assessment of properties (unit area method), increased coverage by
property mapping using GIS applications and rationalization of self-assessment system. Every property in the city
must be given a Property Tax Index Number (PTIN) whereby the payment, the changes and nature of use of the
property can be done through computer and E–Seva centre.
12.9.3 Non-Tax Revenue Generation through Commercial Development of Properties

▪ Build and lease
▪ Sell land for private development
▪ Public-private joint development
12.9.4 Non Tax Revenue Generation through Innovative Land Planning and Development Control
Regulation
• Creation of Special Development Districts (SDD) to make major investment in infrastructure and
services and formulate different Development Control Regulations.
• Imposition of Development Impact Fees in the SDD, the designation of district zones with differing built
form parameter is assumed.
• Utilization of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) enabling flexible development control and
permitting trade for their lost FSI.
• Imposition of User Charges i.e., cost recovery through direct charges to beneficiaries.
136
13
Future Land use
13. Future Land Use

13.1 Land Use Strategy
For better planning and development of Bhadrak the entire planning area has been divided into 2 Units. Criteria
for division of Bhadrak Planning Area into Tiers
 Entire Planning Area is divided into 2-Planning Units with population 1 – 1.5 lakhs persons
 National Highway passes through the Bhadrak Planning Area and acts as an physical boundary / line
between two Planning Units
 Each Planning Unit is further divided into Neighborhoods of 12-15 thousands population considering
physical boundaries i.e. natural and man-made
 Each neighborhood is divided into housing area with 5000 population Units.
Figure 13.1: Bhadrak Planning Area
137
Table 13.1 Planning Area Units Details
S.No Planning Area Area(in Ha)

1 Planning Unit-1 2861.80
2 Planning Unit-2 5172.31
Total 8034.11
13.2 The Proposed Plan

Land requirements of Bhadrak town has been worked out from the studies related to sub-sectors like housing
demand, community facilities, utilities and services, transportation, industries, besides the land requirement for
government offices and commercial establishments. The following table showing the Proposed land use
distribution.
Table 13.2 Existing and Porposed Land Use Distribution -2030

S.No Land Use Category Existing Area %age of %age of Proposed %age of %age of

(in ha) Developed Planning Area Developed Planning
Area Area (in ha) Area Area
1 Residential 1572.58 72.83 19.58 2528.32 54.93 31.47

2 Commercial 49.18 2.28 0.61 176.11 3.83 2.19
3 Mixed Use 9.58 0.44 0.12 385.64 8.38 4.80
4 Industrial 112.65 5.22 1.40 393.12 8.54 4.89
5 Pub & Semi Public 104.63 4.85 1.30 131.97 2.87 1.64
6 Public Utilities & 10.73 0.50 0.13 15.03 0.33 0.19
Facilities
7 Recreational 12.68 0.59 0.16 224.07 4.87 2.79
8 Transportation 287.10 13.30 3.57 748.75 16.27 9.32
Sub total 2159.1 100 26.88 4603.01 100 57.29
(Developed land)
1 Agricultural 5044.23 62.79 2734.63 34.04

2 Forest 31.98 0.40 16.60 0.21
3 Water Bodies 449.17 5.59 518.82 6.46
4 Green belt 349.62 4.35 161.05 2.00
Sub total 5874.99 73.14 3431.10 42.71
(Un developed Land)
Grand Total 8034.11 100 8034.11 100
138
Proposed Land use Distribution

Developed Area
Residential
4.87% Commercial
16.27%
Mixed Use
0.33%
Industrial
2.87% 54.93% Pub & Semi Public
8.54% Public Utilities & Facilities
Recreational
8.38%
Transportation

3.83%
Figure 13.2 Bhadrak Proposed Land Use Distribution of Developed area -2030
2.00% Proposed Land use Distribution

6.46%
Total Planning Area Residential
0.21%
Commercial
Mixed Use
Industrial
31.47%
Pub & Semi Public
Public Utilities & Facilities
34.04%
Recreational
Transportation
2.19%
Agricultural
4.80%
9.32% Forest
4.89%
Water Bodies
2.79% 0.19% 1.64%
Green belt
Figure 13.3 Bhadrak Proposed Land Use Distribution of the Planning Area -2030
139
13.2.1 Residential Use

For the projected residential population of 2,84,353 persons, the total area required by 2030 for urban
development is forecasted to be 4603.01 hectares, out of which 2528.32 hectares (54.93% of the developed
area) are earmarked for residential development against 1572.58 hectares available at present. The dedicated
area for affordable housing for economical weaker sections is separately identified in the proposed land use plan
2030.
13.2.2 Commercial Use

Commercial use has been increased to 176.11 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing 49.18
hectares contributing about 3.83 % and 2.19% of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. As
the population increases the demand for commercial area increases, hence commercial areas has been planned
at the major junction nodes.
13.2.3 Mixed Use

In Bhadrak Master Plan-2030, In Mixed use Zone – 1 activities falling within non-polluting industry/service
industry (dominant land use) categories can coexist with maximum up to 30% of other land use.
In Mixed use Zone - 2 all activities falling within permitted residential land use (dominant land use) shall be
minimum 60% and to coexist with commercial, institutional, recreational.
In Mixed use Zone - 3 all activities falling within permitted commercial, institutional land use (dominant land use)
shall be minimum 60% and to coexist with residential, recreational, and non-polluting and household industry.
Mixed use has been increased to 385.64 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing 9.58 hectares
contributing about 8.38 % and 4.80% of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. As the
population increases the demand for mixed use area increases, hence mixed use areas has been planned along
all the higher level roads.
13.2.4 Industrial Use

Industrial use has been increased to 393.12 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing 112.65
hectares contributing about 8.54 % and 4.89 % of the developed area and the total planning area respectively.
13.2.5 Public and Semi-Public Use

Public and Semi-Public Use has been increased to 131.97 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing
104.63 hectares contributing about 2.87% and 1.64% of the developed area and the total planning area
respectively.
13.2.6 Public Utilities & Facilities

Public and Semi-Public Use has been increased to 15.03 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing
10.73 hectares contributing about 0.33 % and 0.19 % of the developed area and the total planning area
respectively.
13.2.7 Recreational Use

Recreational use has been increased to 224.07 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the existing 12.68
hectares. Under recreational use contributes about 4.87% of the total developed area and 2.79% of the total
planning area.
13.2.8 Transportation Use

Area under Transportation use has been increased to 748.75 hectares for the projected year 2030 from the
existing 287.10 hectares. The area under transportation and communication land use is increased from 287.10
Hectares to 748.75 Hectares.
140
13.2.9 Un developed Area

The total area under Undeveloped area is 3431.10 Hectares. Agriculture land, forest , water bodies and green
belt are the land use categories included in the undeveloped area .
Figure 13.4 Proposed Bhadrak Planning Area Land Use Plan -2030
141
13.3 Hubs of Activities

Area under Bhadrak Planning Area is conceptualized as high yield zone in terms of different development. Based
on the resources, local produce and indigenous product a clear demarcation to identify the economic base of the
town is conceived.
New urban development projects have been proposed to boost the economy of the Bhadrak planning area by
attracting more development activities. These proposals consist of development of infrastructure as well as
facilities for residents. Other proposals consist of facilities for residents of planning area. For facilitating the
same, the total area to be developed for the horizon year 2030 area of about 4603.01 ha has been proposed.
Different developments have been proposed in Bhadrak Master Plan-2030. Different hubs of activities like
mela/ exhibition ground, recreational park, Integrated Facility Centre, Bus terminal, solid waste land site, bio-
diversity Park, educational hub, wholesale trade centre etc.

Figure 13.5 Bhadrak Town Level Proposed Facilities
13.4 Facility Centre

Based on the hierarchy of order of settlements, facilities are planned. The following are the levels based on
hierarchy:
▪ City level
o To facilitate higher order planning, city level facilities are provided.
▪ Neighborhood/ Planning Unit

o Neighborhood into 2 levels
• Level I-- 10000-11999
• Level II- 12000-15000
▪ Housing Area Level/neighborhood level

o Grouped to form Housing Area with an average population of 5000 population
142
Higher order facilities as general hospital, intermediate hospital, college, integrated schools, and school for
handicapped, socio-cultural and recreational club, fire and police stations are provided at the master plan level.

Nursery and primary schools, dispensaries are provided at the Neighborhood.
Table 13.3 Details of Neighborhood Centers (10 Hectares for 10000 to 12,000 population)
S. N Facilities No. Area per unit (ha) Total Area (ha)
1 High Secondary School 1 1.6 1.6

2 Dispensary 1 0.1 0.1
3 Community Hall cum Library 1 0.2 0.2
4 Community Room 2 0.1 0.2
5 Primary School with Playfield 2 0.4 0.8
Figure 13.6 Facility Centre Concept
6 Middle School with play field 1 0.5 0.5
7 Electric Sub Station 1 0.05 0.05
8 Local shopping including Service Centre 1 0.45 0.45
9 Neighbourhood Park 1 0.75 0.75
10 Neighbourhood Play Area 1 0.75 0.75
11 Three wheeler cum Taxi Stand 1 0.05 0.05
12 Religious Building 1 0.05 0.05
Sub Total - A 5.5
14 Transportation and Communication 2.5
Total 8.0
Table 13.4 Details of Neighborhood Centers Provisions (10 Hectares for 12001 to 15,000 population)
S. N Facilities No Area per unit (HA)) Total Area (HA)
1 High Secondary School 1 1.6 1.60

2 Dispensary 1 0.1 0.10
3 Community Hall cum Library 1 0.2 0.20
4 Community Room 2 0.1 0.20
5 Primary School with Playfield 2 0.4 0.80
6 Middle School with play field 1 0.5 0.50
7 Electric Sub Station 1 0.05 0.05
8 Local shopping including Service Centre 1 0.45 0.45
9 Neighbourhood Park 1 0.75 0.75
143
S. N Facilities No Area per unit (HA)) Total Area (HA)
10 Neighbourhood Play Area 1 0.75 0.75

11 Three wheeler cum Taxi Stand 1 0.05 0.05
12 Religious Building 1 0.05 0.05
Sub Total - A 5.50
13 Housing Area 2.00
Sub Total - B 7.50
14 Transportation and Communication 2.50
Total 10.00
Table 13.5 Details of Activities allowed in District Centre & Integrated Commercial Centres
S. N Facilities District Centre Integrated

Commercial Centre

1 Shopping (retail services, repair) √ √
2 Limited wholesale & Mandies √
3 Informal shopping √ √
4 Commercial Offices √ √
5 Cinema √ √
6 Hotel √ √
7 Guest House √ √
8 Bank/ ATM √ √
9 Nursing Home √ √
10 Service Industries √ √
11 Auditorium √ √
12 Museum √
13 Library √ √
14 Science Centres, Art/ Craft/ Music/ Dance School √
15 Weekly markets (on close days) √ √

16 Local Government Offices √ √
17 Bus Terminal √
18 Fire Station √
19 Police post/ station √
20 Telephone Exchange √
21 Electric sub station √ √
22 Post and Telegraph √ √
23 Petrol pump √ √
24 Conveniences shopping centre √ √
25 Essential Residential √
144
13.5 Land Assembly Tools

Some of the land assembly tools for land acquisition and development of lands in the planning area are detailed
below:
Through Compulsory Acquisition through Land Acquisition Act 1894
 Land Acquisition Act 1894 provides legal provision for acquisition of land for public purpose in India.
 The step by step procedure involved in acquiring land through this tool is
▪ notification of intention to acquire,
▪ joint measures of land,
▪ notification signifying the final decision to acquire land,
▪ notices to land owners to hear claims for compensation and to decide ownership,
▪ declaration of land acquisition award and finally taking over of physical possession of land
Optimum Utilization of Vacant Government Land (O.U.V.G.L) Scheme

It is a scheme for identifying vacant government land (including municipal land) and using it as source for

providing land for public purposes. However given the need for using government land for generating financial
resources, entire stock of government land need not be assigned to non-remunerative public purposes. In fact
government land would offer many opportunities for PPP where part of the land could be used for public
purpose
Rationalizing obsolete uses of public lands could be another way of putting public land to more relevant public
purpose. But for relocation of these activities requires availability of adequate and suitable public land at other
locations. In order to rationalize the land demand and supply, specific designations of land for different uses in
the master plan has to be made before proceeding with compulsory acquisition of land. However, the use for
these lands shall be as determined by the State Government, irrespective of the use shown on the proposed
land use plan. In case of Panchayat land of villages falling in local planning area, these lands shall be used for
creating public utilities, services, physical and social infrastructure including parks, open spaces, community
facilities etc. and not for any other purpose.
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)

Alternative to monetary compensation could be award of Transfer of Development Rights either to remainder of
the land or to a distant location. This could be in 3-generic cases i.e.
▪ Roads and Road widening: Development rights calculated at the FAR permissible in adjoining area may
be allowed to be used in the remainder of the plot up to a limit.
▪ The development rights that cannot be so consumed can be transferred elsewhere in receiving areas.
If FAR is related to width of the road, resistance to widening may get reduced.
▪ Public purposes on open land or exclusive plots: Lands required for parks and playgrounds or exclusive
uses like secondary school, fire station etc can be obtained by providing TDRs in lieu of compensation.
However, price differentials in originating and receiving zones could be considered as an incentive in
such cases.
▪ Public purposes that require built-up space but not necessarily exclusive plot: Examples of this could
be municipal vegetable market, library etc. In such cases, landowner may be permitted to use the full
potential of development in terms of FAR over the plot provided he offers the built up space required
for the public purpose to the local body.
▪ The executing agency/the government, can acquire your property by compensating you with TDR If
property is in the way of executing a large infrastructure project. What is actually issued to you is a
Development Rights Certificate specifying a built-up area that is 1.5 times what the person have
145
originally surrendered. For e.g., if gave up 600 sq. ft. Built-up area to the Authority under the Roads
Widening Scheme, then will receive a certificate for 900 sq. ft. of built-up area. Built-up area is also
known as Floor Space Index (FSI) or Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The DRC is a certificate, and it is not land
itself.
▪ This can either use the DRC to exceed your allowed (i.e. sanctioned) built-up area on another plot of
land/building that may own in some other part of the city. Or, can sell the DRC in the market. Many
big developers and builders are keen to purchase the DRCs because it legally gives them more FAR.
Through Land Pooling or Town Development Schemes

As per the provisions, the concerned Authority may for the purpose of implementation of the provision of the
Master Plan or for providing amenities where the same are not available or are inadequate, frame the Town
Development Scheme and land for various amenities can be earmarked as per this provisions. The strategic
approach would relate to geographically depicting the sites required for public purpose and proposing

regulatory framework for obtaining the land for public purpose whether shown on the plan or not. For this,
master plan has to consider various options as defined as below. However, these options have their own
limitations and have to be uses selectively based on the ground reality, existing conditions, development
potentials, involving private sector.
Innovative Techniques
A. Voluntary Surrender/Deposit Scheme

With the acquisition of the land, the agriculturists receive substantial amounts as compensation. It is likely that
these amounts be quickly spent with adverse effects on the farmer’s future. An innovative scheme was
formulated according to which, if an owner of the land in selected areas voluntarily offers his land to
Government at an agreed rate, the amount so agreed can be placed in deposit with Agency at a rate of interest
such that the yield will approximate to the net amount the land holder now gets from his land by way of crop
yield. The land holder will go on getting this yearly amount from agency as interest until he wants repayment of
his deposit.
146
B. Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation by three specific measures:
 Individual oriented programmes: Education, training and providing employment to the villagers to
integrate them with the urbanisation process.
 Village oriented programmes: Devising ways to upgrade the village infrastructure to bring it at par with
the newly built city around them, and
 Land compensation: Making villagers effective partners in the development of the new city by sharing
the assets created in the new city with them.
C. Road Widening Scheme

Often the widening of existing roads is a difficult task as these involve acquisition of private lands, In Hyderabad
a new way has been explored whereby the loss of land to the land owners required for widening of roads is
compensated by giving them additional floor space index on the remaining land. If a land owner cannot use the
extra FSI in situ, he can use the same elsewhere or transfer them to other developers on sale. Compensation for

loss of structures is directly paid and extensive consultation with affected land owners.
D. Creation of Land Bank

 Public Land Bank
▪ Identify Government Land
▪ Acquired through
▪ Facility Proportion
▪ Government Land Bank
 Private Land Bank
147
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Legend Public Utilities & Facilities SC Sports Complex Waterbodies Title : Scale : 1:17,000
.
Residential Public Utilities Transportation Waterbodies
Residential Communication T-1 Existing Road
Embankment PROPOSED LAND USE MAP
Affordable Housing STP Sewage Treatment Plant T-2 Existing Road (Widening)
Green Belt
Mixed Use Public & Semi-Public T-3 Proposed Road
Grazing Land
M-1 Kalyan Mandap/Auditorium/Govt./Semi Govt. offices/Health Centres
T-4 Elevated Road
Educational Centers/Puja Mandap/Fire Station/Police Station/Jail
SPECIAL PLANNING AUTHORITY
M-2 Green Buffer along Road/River
Creamation Ground/Temple/Mosque/Gurudwara
T-5 Railway (ROW)
M-3 EH Educational Hub Others 0 425 850 1,700
DC District Centre ITI Industrial Training Institute
BT / TT Bus Terminal / Truck Terminal
Planning Boundary
BHADRAK Meters
Railway Line
NC Neighbourhood Centre Recreational Municipal Boundary Consultants :
Agriculture
Commercial Park/Garden/Zoos/Playground/Stadium
Cultivation Village Boundary
Retail DP District Park
ICC Integrated Commercial Centre Forest S HT Line Gurgaon 122 002, Haryana, INDIA
BG Bio-Diversity Park-cum-Botanical Garden Phone: +91 124 416 9100
W&TC Wholesale & Trade Centre Forest
OS Organized Open Space
Industrial B. E. CONSULTANTS
P Park ARCHITECHTURE, PLANNING, INTERIORS
IND Industrial A-237, Malviya Nagar,
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Commercial Activities
District Centre
Integrated Commercial Centre
Wholesale & Trade Centre
Market Complex / Commercial Center
"
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Cinema hall/ Theater halls
Auto Works/ Garage/ Service Center
Kalayan Mandap/ community center/ Auditorium
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National Highway
State Highway
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Arterial Road
Waterbodies
Others
Waterbodies
Planning Boundary
Commercial Activities
Ü
Street/ Road Side shops/ Vending Zones
Hotel / Lodge
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Sub-Arterial Road
Railway Line Bhadrak
!! Consultants : FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Legend:
Industrial Activities Transportation Waterbodies Industrial Activities
Industries National Highway Waterbodies
Industrial Estate/ SSI State Highway Others

Heavy Industry Planning Boundary
Proposed Link Road 0 375 750 1,500 Meters
Bhadrak
Medium Industry Arterial Road
Light Industry Sub-Arterial Road
Cottage/Manufacture & Processing units Railway Line Consultants :
Warehouse/ Storage/Godowns FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
Hazardous industry (Chemical)

Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Industrail dumps ARCHIT ECHTURE, PLANNING, INTERIORS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Waterbodies
Planning Boundary
Physical Infrastructure Facilities
Bhadrak
0 375 750 1,500 Meters
Ü
Sewage Treatment Plant Consultants :
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
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Title : Proposed Social Scale : 1:70,000
Ü
Legend:
Proposed Social Infrastructure Transportation Waterbodies Infrastructure Facilities
Integrated Commercial Centre Sports Complex National Highway Waterbodies
District Centre District Park State Highway Others

Educational Hub Open Space Railway Line Planning Boundary
Industrial Training Institute Bio-Diversity Park-cum-Botanical Garden Proposed_Road
Bhadrak
Recreational Park
Park Consultants : FEEDBACK INFRA PVT. LTD.
Phone: +91 124 416 9100
B. E. CON SULTANTS
Phone: +91 141 2520296
14
Zoning Regulations
14. Zoning Regulations

14.1 Introduction
In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of the community, it is necessary to
apply reasonable limitation on the use of land and buildings. This is to ensure that the most appropriate
economical and healthy development of the city takes place in accordance with the land use plan. For this
purpose, the City is divided into a number of use zones, such as residential, commercial, industrial, public and
semi-public, etc. Each zone has its own regulations as the same set of regulations cannot be applied to the entire
town.
Zoning protects residential area from the harmful invasions of commercial and industrial uses and at the same
time promotes the orderly development of industrial and commercial areas. By regulation the spacing of
buildings, adequate light, air, protection from fire etc. can be provided. It prevents overcrowding in buildings and

land thus ensures adequate facilities and services.
Zoning is not retrospective. It does not prohibit the uses of land and buildings that are lawfully established prior
to the coming into effect of the zoning regulations. If these uses are contrary to the newly proposed uses, they
are termed as non-conforming uses and are gradually eliminated over years without inflicting unreasonable
hardship upon the property owners.
The zoning regulations and their enforcement are a major tool in keeping the land uses pattern of the GIS/RS
based Master Plan. It has been stated that the consultants have adopted the UDPFI guidelines with minor
modification. However while detailing out the use permissibility, etc in various categories all care has been taken
to integrate:
(A) “Cuttack Development Authority” (Planning and Building Standards), Regulation 2010;
(B) “Bhubaneswar Development Authority” (Planning and Building Standards), Regulation 2008.
(C) URDPFI Guidelines.
This formulated guideline may adopt other provision of the regulation towards intensity of development and
built form guidelines, etc.
1) In the Cuttack Development Planning Area (CDPA), various use zones namely Residential, Commercial,
Industrial, Public and Semi- Public, Utilities and Services, Recreational, Transportation, Agricultural, Water bodies
and Special Areas having their location as indicated in the Comprehensive Development Plan shall be regulated
and guided as per Table 14.5. Except or otherwise provided, no structure or land here in after shall be erected,
recreated or altered unless its use is in conformity with the following regulations.
2) All existing places of worship, temples, churches, mosques, burial and cremation ground etc. shall be
exempted from being treated as nonconforming uses, provided that continuance of such uses are not
detrimental to the locality as decided by the Authority from time to time.
3) All non-conforming uses of land and buildings shall be discontinued by the owner and the modified uses shall
be made to conform to the land use of the development plan in force within six months of the Regulations
coming in force.
14.5.1 Simplified Urban Land Use Zoning Regulations Buildings and premises listed below are permitted normally
on specific sites/locations forming part of the provision of the Master Plan. Besides the Activities Permitted
(column A) for each of the 10 land use zones in Table 14.5, it also contains the buildings/premises which could
be allowed upto 30% of the area on an application to the Competent Authority, if such sites do not form a part
of the plan. Such use/activity is termed as Permissible on Application to Competent Authority (with
conditions/on special consideration) (column B). The uses/activities which are otherwise not allowed in a
particular use zone are termed as Activities/Uses Prohibited in certain use zones and are presented in (column
C). A broad description of the proposed land uses according to ‘Activities/Uses Permitted’, ‘Permissible on
application to Competent Authority (upto 30% area on special consideration)’ and ‘Activities/Uses Prohibited’ is
given below.
148
14.2 Residential Use Zone
In Residential Use Zone ‘R’ (Primary Residential with densities, Mixed Residential Zone Unplanned/ Informal
Residential Zone) have been marked for general guidance.
I. Uses/Activities Permitted:
Residence plotted (detached, semi-detached and row housing), group housing, work-cum-residential centre,
hostels, boarding and lodging houses, night shelters, dharamshalas, guest houses, educational buildings nursery,
primary, high school), neighborhood level social, cultural and recreational facilities with adequate parking
provisions, marriage and community halls, convenience shopping, local (retail) shopping, community centers,
clubs, auditoriums, exhibition and art galleries, libraries and gymnasiums, health clinics, yoga centers,
dispensaries, nursing homes and health centers (20 beds), yoga Centres, public utilities and buildings except
service and storage yards, electrical distribution depots and water pumping stations, nursery and green houses,

services for households (salon, parlours, bakeries, sweet shops, dry cleaning, internet kiosks etc.), banks and
professional offices not exceeding one floor, bus stops, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands,
police posts and post offices, parks and tot–lots, Accessory uses clearly incidental to residential use (except
service uses) which will not create nuisance or hazard, customary home occupation if the area for such use does
not exceed 25% of the total floor area of the dwelling and there shall be no public display of the goods.
II. Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent Authority (with conditions/

upto 30% area on special consideration):
Places of worship, shopping centres, municipal, state and central government offices, colleges and research
institutions, petrol filling stations, places of entertainment, cinema halls, restaurants and hotels, markets for
retail goods, IT and IT enabled services, tourism related services, motor vehicle repairing workshop, garages,
storage of LPG cylinders, burial grounds, printing presses employing not more than 10 persons, godowns
/warehousing of non perishables, bus depots without workshop, household industries if the area for such use
does not exceed one floor and there shall be no public display of the goods, consulates.
III. Prohibited Uses/Activities:

Heavy, large and extensive industries, noxious, obnoxious and hazardous industries, warehousing, storage
godowns of perishables, hazardous, inflammable goods, wholesale mandis, junk yards, workshops for buses,
slaughter houses, hospitals treating contagious diseases, sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, water
treatment plants, solid waste dumping grounds, outdoor and indoor games stadiums, shooting range, zoological
garden, botanical garden, bird sanctuary, international conference centers, district battalion offices, forensic
science laboratory, all uses not specifically permitted.
14.3 Retail Commercial Business Use Zone

In Commercial Use Zone ‘C-1’ (Retail Shopping Zone/ and General Business, Commercial District Centers) have
been marked for general guidance.
Retail business, mercantile, commercial centers, banks, financial services and stock exchanges, perishable goods
markets, business and professional offices, private institutional offices and semi government offices, shops and
shopping malls, commercial services, restaurants and hotels, hostels, boarding houses, social and welfare
institutions, guest houses, convenience and neighborhood shopping centers, local shopping centers, weekly and
formal markets, bakeries and confectionaries, cinema halls, theaters, banquet halls, auditoriums,
marriage and community halls, night shelters, clinics and nursing homes, petrol pumps and service stations on
roads of 12 meter or more ROW, IT and IT enabled services, commercial institutes, research and training
149
institutes, service uses like hair salon, tailoring shops, beauty parlour, laundry and dry cleaning shops etc. bus
stops, Taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands and parking spaces.
II. Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent Authority (with conditions/ upto 30% area
on special consideration):
Associated residential uses, wholesale storage yards, junk yards, service garages provided they do not directly
abut the main road, printing presses employing not more than 10 persons, 20 bedded hospitals not treating
contagious diseases and mental patients, weigh bridges, colleges, polytechnics and higher technical institutes,
sports complex and stadiums, transient visitor’s homes, places of entertainment, recreational uses and
museums, convention centers, religious places, public utilities, telephone exchanges, police posts and post
offices, residential plot/group housing, picnic hut, parks, playgrounds, clubs.

Polluting industries, heavy, extensive, noxious, obnoxious, hazardous and extractive industrial units, large scale
storage of hazardous and other inflammable materials except in areas, specifically earmarked for the purpose,
poultry farms, dairy farms, slaughter houses, sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, solid waste treatment
plants and dumping grounds, agricultural uses, storage of perishable and inflammable commodities, quarrying of
gravel, sand, clay and stone, zoological gardens, botanical gardens and bird sanctuary, sports training centers,
district battalion offices, forensic science laboratory and all other related activities which may cause nuisance,
hospitals, research laboratories treating contagious diseases, court, all uses not specifically permitted here in.
14.4 Wholesale Commercial Use Zone:

In Wholesale Commercial Use Zone ‘C-2’ (Wholesale, Godowns, Warehousing, Regulated Markets) have been
marked for general guidance.
Wholesale business, commercial and business offices and work places, wholesale and storage buildings,
godowns, covered storage and warehousing, weigh bridges, bus stops, Taxi stands, 3-wheeler / auto stands,
rickshaw stands, truck terminal, bus depots and parking spaces, restaurants, public utilities.
Freight terminal, railway yards and stations, warehousing, storage godowns of perishable, inflammable goods,
coal, wood, timber yards, non- polluting, non- obnoxious light industries, service centers, garages, workshops,
junk-yards, gas installation and gas works, government and semi-government offices, banks, financial services,
associated residential uses, water treatment plants.

Polluting Industries, large scale storage of hazardous and other inflammable materials except in areas,
specifically earmarked for the purpose, all uses not specifically permitted here in.
150
14.5 Mixed Use Zone:

In Mixed Use Zone ‘MU’ (All the residential and commercial activities) have been marked for general guidance.
Mixed Use: 1 Plot depth or 50 m from Road Centre whichever is minimum.
All the uses /activities are permitted which are mentioned in para 14.2 under Mixed use Zone Category
All the uses /activities are permitted which are mentioned in para 14.2 under Mixed use Zone Category

All the uses /activities are permissible which are mentioned in para 14.2 under Mixed use Zone Category
14.6 Industrial Use Zone:

In Industrial Use Zone ‘I’ (Service and Light Industry, Extensive and Heavy Industry and Special Industrial Zone)
have been marked for general guidance.
All kind of non polluting industries, IT & ITES, SEZs notified by government of India, Loading, unloading spaces,
warehousing, storage and depots of non perishable and noninflammable commodities, cold storage and ice
factory, gas godowns, banks, financial institutions and other commercial offices, wholesale business
establishments, petrol filling station with garages and service stations, bus terminals and bus depots and
workshops, parking, taxi stands, 3-wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, residential buildings for essential staff
and for watch and ward, public utilities, railway siding, incidental and utility use incidental to the main use.
Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries subject to the approval of the Orissa Pollution
Control Board, Industrial Research Institute, Technical Educational Institutions, junkyards, sports/ stadiums/
playgrounds, sewage disposal works, electric power plants, service stations, govt. semi-govt., private business
offices, agro-based industries, dairy and farming, gas installations and gas works, workshops garages, hotels and
guest houses, museum, helipads, hospitals and medical centers, quarrying of gravel, sand, clay and stone.

Polluting industries, general business unless incidental to and on the same site with industry, schools and
colleges, hotels, motels and caravan parks, recreational spots or centers, other non-industrial related activities,
religious buildings, irrigated and sewage farms, major oil depot and LPG refilling plants, social buildings, all uses
not specifically permitted.
The indicative list of industries which could be permitted subject to the condition that it satisfies above norms is
given in Appendix-I. The List naturally cannot be exhaustive. Therefore any such industry which has not been
indicated in the above referred list can be permitted provided it satisfies the above norms and is approved by
the Director of Town Planning, Odisha.
151
Table 14.1 List of Industries which permissible in residential and commercial use zones
S. No Type of Industries
1 Cosmetic products
2 Agarbati
3 Writing Ink
4 Sealing Wax
5 Wax Candle
6 Acrylic Sheet Button
7 Plastic Covers(Dairy & Files etc.)
8 Plastic Seeds
9 Knitting Plastic Bags
10 Plastic Moulding Goods (Hand operated)

11 Fiber Glass, Reinforced Plastic Products
12 Phenyl
13 Camphor and Phenyl Tablets
14 Cleaning powder
15 Rubber stamps
16 Rubber Moulded goods
17 Detergent powder
18 Perfumery compounds
19 Pharmaceutical Units
20 Ball Pen
21 Food Products
22 Creamery & Dairy Products
23 Ata- chakki & masala Grinding
24 Re-packing of Medicines etc
25 Paper products
26 Card Board Boxes
27 Book Binding
28 Printing Press
29 Ready-made Garments
30 Batic printing
31 Embrodary
32 Watch-steps (Nylon)
33 Canvas bags and products
34 Hosiery items
35 Surgical Bundages
36 Shoe Laces etc
37 Thread reels
38 Tailors labels
39 Scientific glassware
40 Mirror and Frame making
41 Spectacle lenses
152
42 Thermometers
43 Decorative Glass articles
44 Chalk Sticks
45 Distemper
46 Nalidar Coal
47 Shikakai & Soapnut powder
48 Wire Brush
49 Umbrella Assembly
50 Wooden toys
51 Paper Pins, Gem Clips
52 Hair Pins

53 Hypodemic Needles
54 Wire staples
55 Wire stands for Kitchen
56 Wire for curtains
57 Wire Loops
58 Decorative Key Rings
59 Aluminium Tower Bolts
60 Steel watch strips
61 File clips
62 Link Clips
63 Shoe and Tent Eyelets
64 Brassed Jewellery
65 File cover accessories
66 Garments Hooks and Eyes
67 Link Chain
68 Chokes (Aluminium)
69 Electrical Bell (Buzzer)
70 Small Transformer
71 Printed Circuit Board Wiring
72 Band Switch & Tag
73 Board Wiring
74 Circuit Board
75 Heating Element (for cosmetic electrical appliances)
76 Decoration fighting series
77 Leather goods and garments
78 Transistor Radio Covers
79 Decorative Leather goods
80 Industrial Leather goods
81 Production of soft beverages
82 Manufacture of Bidi
83 Processing of supairs
153
84 Dyeing & Darning
85 Cotton Cloth Weaving in Handlooms
86 Making of Ropes and Niwar
87 Making of Textile Garments including Rain- Coats & Caps
88 Ivory carving
89 Engraving Embossing , Polishing & Welding of Metal Products
90 Gold & Silver thread, Zari work, Jewellery, Gold Ornaments
91 Silver art ware including silver repouse work on copper
92 Manufacture, repairing & Tunning of Musical Instruments such as Harmonium, Sitar, Bansuri etc.
93 Making of lac Bangles

94 Service Station for light vehicles
95 Repairing of Electronic instruments
96 Assembly of Furniture Units
97 Electroplating Buffing Polishing
14.7 Public and Semi–Public Use Zone:

In Public and Semi–Public Use Zone ‘PS’ (Govt./Semi-Govt./Public Offices Zone) have been marked for general
guidance.
Government offices, central , state, local and semi-government, public undertaking offices, universities and
specialized educational institutions, colleges, schools, research and development centers, social and welfare
centers, libraries, hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and clinics, social and cultural institutes, religious
buildings, conference halls, community halls, kalyan mandap, museums, art galleries, exhibition halls,
auditoriums, police stations, police lines, jails, local state and central govt. offices uses for defense purpose,
educational and research institutions, social and cultural and religious institutions, local municipal facilities,
hotels, dharamashala, guest houses, monuments, convention center, banking and financial services, commercial
uses center, shopping complex, public utility buildings, uses for defense purpose, defense quarters, educational
and police headquarters, radio transmitters and wireless stations, uses incidental to govt. offices and for their
use, incidental/ancillary residential use.
Residential flats, residential plots for group housing and staff housing, IT services, defense quarters, hostels,
transit accommodation, entertainment and recreational complexes, nursery and kindergarten, welfare center,
open air theater, playground, residential club, guest house, bus and truck terminals, helipads, parking areas, taxi
stands, 3- wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, retail shops, shopping complexes, residential and other uses
which is no way causing any nuisance and hazard incidental to main use.
154

Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries, slaughterhouses, junkyard, wholesale mandis, dairy
and poultry farms, farmhouses, workshops for servicing and repairs, processing and sale of farm products and
uses not specifically permitted here in.
14.8 Utilities and Services Use Zone:

In Utilities and Services Use Zone ‘US’ (Water Supply/Sewerage/Drainage/Solid Waste, Power, Transmission and
Communication, and Cremation and Burial Ground Zone) have been marked for general guidance.
Post offices, Telegraph offices, public – utilities and buildings, water Treatment Plant, Sewage Treatment Plant,
Solid waste Treatment Plant solid waste dumping grounds, radio transmitter and wireless stations,

telecommunication centers, telephone exchange, water supply installations, sewage disposal works, service
stations, cremation grounds and cemeteries/burial ground, power plants/ electrical substation, radio and
television station , fire stations, observatory and weather office.
Service industry, warehouse/storage godowns, health center for public and staff or any other use incidental to
public utilities and services, information/Payment kiosk, incidental/ancillary residential use, truck terminals,
helipads, commercial use center.
III. Prohibited Uses/Activities

Any building or structure which is not required for uses related to public utilities and activities is not permitted
there in, heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries, all uses not specifically permitted here in.
14.9 Recreational Use Zone:

In Recreation Use Zone ‘P’ (Playgrounds/Stadium/Sports Complex, Parks and Gardens, Special Recreational Zone
and Multipurpose Open Space Zone), have been marked for general guidance.
Specialized parks/ maidans for multipurpose use, regional parks, district parks, playgrounds, children’s parks,
clubs, stadiums, picnic huts, holiday resorts, shooting range, sports training center, swimming pools, botanical/
zoological garden, bird sanctuary, green belts, bus and railway passenger terminals, public utilities and facilities
such as police post, fire post, post and telegraph office, health center for players and staff, animal racing or
riding stables, library, incidental/ancillary residential use.
Building and structure ancillary to use permitted in open spaces and parks such as stands for vehicles on hire,
taxis and scooters, commercial use of transit nature like cinemas, circus and other shows, public assembly halls,
restaurants, parking areas, caravan parks, open air cinemas/ theatre, entertainment and recreational complexes,
community hall, library, open air theater, theme parks, amphitheaters, residential club, guest house, camping
sites, yoga and meditation centres, fire post, police station, post and telegraph office, commercial uses center,
special education areas.
155

Any building or structure, which is not required for open air recreation, dwelling unit except for watch and ward,
and uses not specifically permitted there in, all uses not specifically permitted here in.
14.10 Transportation and communication Use Zone:

In Transportation Use Zone ‘T’ (Roads, Railways, Airport and Bus Depots/Truck Terminal/ Freight) have been
All types of roads, railway stations and yards, airport, bus stops and bus and truck terminals, taxi stands, auto
stands, rickshaw stands, ferry ghats, parking areas, multi level car parking, filling stations, transport offices,
booking offices, information kiosks, night shelter, boarding houses, banks, restaurants, workshops and garages,

automobile spares and services, godowns, loading and unloading platforms (with/without cold storage facility),
weigh bridges, ware houses, storage depots, utility networks (drainage, sewage, power, tele-communications).
Way side shops and restaurants, authorized/Planned Vending areas, incidental/ancillary residential use,
emergency health care centre, tourism related projects, all ancillary (complimentary) uses for above categories
(subject to decision of the Authority).

Use/activity not specifically related to transport and communication permitted here in, all uses not specifically
permitted here in.
14.11 Primary Activity Use Zone:

In Agriculture Use Zone ‘A’ (Agriculture and Horticulture, Forest, Brick kilns and Extractive Area) have been
Agriculture and Horticulture, dairy and poultry farming, milk chilling center, storage, processing and sale of farm
products, dwelling for the people engaged in the farm (rural settlement), farm houses and accessory buildings,
public utility and facility buildings, forest use, afforestation.
Houses incidental to this use, parks and other recreational uses, wayside shops and restaurants, educational and
research institutions, agro serving, agro processing, agro business, cottage industries, burial and cremation
grounds, service industries accessory to obnoxious and hazardous industries, ice factory, cold storage, godowns
and ware houses, soil testing lab, normal expansion of land uses only in the existing homestead land, special
outdoor recreations, solid waste management sites, Sewage disposal works, electric sub-station, quarrying of
gravel, sand, clay or stone, building construction over plots covered under town planning scheme and
conforming uses, brick kilns and extractive areas, servicing and repair of farm machineries and the sale of
agricultural supply, small scale fertilizer chemicals, alcohol and distillery industry, petrol and other fuel filling
stations, hospital for infectious and contagious diseases, mental hospital after clearance from the Authority, eco-
tourism, camping sites, eco-parks, eco lodges, special outdoor recreations.
156

Residential use except those ancillary uses permitted in agricultural use zone, heavy, extensive, obnoxious,
noxious and hazardous industries, any activity which is creating nuisance and is obnoxious in nature, for notified
forest lands only afforestation is permitted and eco-tourism, camping sites, eco-parks, eco lodges, special
outdoor recreations are permissible by the competent authority, all uses not specifically permitted here in.
14.12 Water Bodies Use Zone:

In Water bodies Use Zone ‘W’ (River/Canal/Streams/Water Spring, Ponds/Lakes/Wetland/Aqua culture pond and
Water logged/Marshy area) have been marked for general guidance.
Rivers, canals, streams, water spring, ponds, lakes, wetland, aqua culture pond, reservoir, water logged/marshy

area.
Fisheries, boating, water theme parks, water sports, lagoons, water based resort with special by-laws, any other
use/activity incidental to Water Bodies use is permitted.

Use/activity not specifically related to Water bodies Use not permitted here in, all uses not specifically permitted
here in.
157
Table 14.2 Shows the (a) Uses/Activities Permitted (b) Uses/Activities permissible on application to the Competent
Authority (with conditions / up to 30% area on special consideration) & (c) Activities Prohibited as it has been already
stated according to the Model Zoning regulations.
Use Zone Uses/Activities Permitted Uses/Activities Authority

Permitted on Uses/Activities
application to the Prohibited
Competent
A B C
Residence plotted (detached, Dharmshala foreign Heavy, large and
semidetached and row housing), missions, night shelters extensive industries,
group housing, work-cum- noxious, obnoxious
residential centre and hazardous
industries
Hostels, boarding and lodging petrol pumps, motor Warehousing,
houses (accommodation for vehicle repairing storage godowns of

transit employees of Govt/Local workshop / garages, perishables,
bodies) houses.
marriage hall , community hall household industry, hazardous,
bakeries and inflammable goods,
confectionaries,
old age home storage of LPG gas wholesale mandis,
RESIDENTIAL cylinders, junk yards
(Primary residential police post burial grounds Workshops for buses
zone, unplanned /
guest houses restaurants and hotels Slaughter houses
informal residential
Crèches printing press Hospitals treating
Zone)
contagious diseases
day care centre godowns/ warehousing Sewage treatment
plants and disposal
sites
Convenience shopping centres, bus depots without water treatment
local (retail shopping) workshop plant
Medical clinic, dispensaries, cinema hall, solid waste dumping
nursing home and health centres, auditoriums, markets for yards
(20 bed), dispensary for pets and retail goods,
animals.
professional offices, educational weekly markets (if not outdoor games
buildings: nursery, primary, high obstructing traffic stadium, indoor
school, college), school for circulation and open games stadium
mentally/ physically challenged. during non-working
hours)
research institutes informal markets shooting range
community centres multipurpose or junior zoological garden
technical shops
religious premises transient visitors camp botanical garden
library municipal, state and bird sanctuary
central government
offices.
gymnasium picnic hut
park/tot-lots international
conference centre
plant nursery courts
technical training centre, yoga sports training centre
centres/health clinic
exhibition and art gallery, clubs reformatory
158

Competent
A B C
banks/ATM, police stations district battalion
office
taxi stand /three wheeler stands, forensic science
bus stops laboratory
electrical distribution depot
24. water pumping station
25. post offices
26. hostels of non-commercial
nature
27. kinder gardens

28. public utilities

Competent
A B C
shops , convenience non-polluting , non- Dwellings except
neighbourhood shopping centre, obnoxious light those of service
industries apartment
local shopping centres warehousing / storage essential operational:
go downs of perishable watch and ward
personnel
professional offices, work places/ inflammable goods, coal, heavy, extensive,
offices wood, timber yards noxious obnoxious,
hazardous and
extractive industrial
units
banks bus and truck depots hospitals/research
laboratories treating
contagious diseases.
COMMERCIAL USE stock exchange / financial gas installation and gas poultry farms/dairy
(Retail shopping zone, institutions works farms
general business and bakeries and confectionaries poly techniques an slaughter -houses
commercial district /
higher technical
centres, wholesale institutes
godowns,
cinema hall/ theatres junk yards sewage
warehousing/
treatment/disposal
Regulated markets,
sites
service sector,
malls, banquet halls water treatment plant agricultural uses,
regulated / informal
weekly markets) guest houses railway yards/stadium storage of perishable
and public utility and inflammable
installation commodities
restaurants, hotels hotel and transient quarrying of gravel,
visitors homes sand , clay and stone,
weekly market religious buildings zoological garden,
botanical garden,
bird sanctuary, picnic
hut
159

Competent
petrol pumps hospitals and nursing international
homes conference centre
go-downs and ware housing courts
A B C
general business sports training centre
wholesales reformatory
residential plot group housing district battalion
office
hostel/boarding housing forensic science
laboratory
hostel all other activities

which may cause
nuisance and are
noxious and
obnoxious in nature
auditoriums
colleges
nursing homes/medical clinics,
pet clinics
religious places
commercial centres
research/training institute
commercial services centres/
garages/work shops
night shelter, weekly/ informal
markets
library, parks/open space
museum
police stations/post taxi stand
/three wheeler stands, parking
site
post offices,
government/institutional offices,
telephone exchange/centres
Warehousing covered storage,
research institutions

Competent
A B C
Residential building for essential Noxious, obnoxious and Residential dwellings
staff and for watch and ward hazardous industries other than those
personnel. except storage of essential operational
perishable and
inflammable goods,
all kind of industries junkyards, sports / service and watch
stadium/playground and ward staff
160

Competent
INDUSTRIAL USE ZONE public utilities sewage disposal works schools and colleges
(Service and Light parking electric power plants hotels, motels and
Industry, extensive and caravan parks
Heavy Industry, Special loading, unloading spaces service stations recreational sports or
Industrial Zone- centres
Hazardous, Noxious warehousing, storage and depot cemeteries other non-industrial
and Chemical) of non-perishable and government/private related activities
noninflammable commodities business offices
and incidental use.
cold storage and ice factory bank and financial religious buildings
institutions

gas godowns helipads, irrigated and sewage
hospitals/medical farms
centres
cinema religious buildings major oil depot and
LPG refilling plants
bus terminal taxi stands commercial office
bus depot and workshop gas installations and gas educational
works institutions
wholesale business animal racing or riding social buildings
establishments stables
petrol filling stations with garage workshops/garages,
and service stations
parks and playgrounds dairy and farming
medical centres, restaurants quarrying of gravel,
sand, clay or stone.

Competent
A B C
Government offices , central, Residential flat and heavy, extensive,
state local and semi Government, residential plot for group noxious obnoxious,
Public undertaking offices. housing for staff hazardous and
employees hostels. extractive industrial
units
defense court, universities and Water supply installation slaughter -houses
specialized educational institute
polytechnic sewage disposal works junk yards
colleges service stations wholesale mandis
PUBLIC AND SEMI
schools , nursery and kinder railway dairy and poultry
PUBLIC USE ZONE
garden (not to be located near station/yards/bus / truck farms
(Govt/semi
hospital or health care facility) terminals
Govt/Public Offices,
Govt land use, Police research and development burial grounds farms- houses
Headquarter/ Station, centres cremation grounds and
police Line, educational cemeteries / graveyards.
& Research, Medical & social and welfare centres Warehouse/ storage workshop for
godowns servicing and repairs
161

Competent
Health, Socio cultural & libraries, social and cultural helipads commercial processing and sale
Religious (incl. institutes uses/ centres of farm product and
cremation and Burial uses not specifically
grounds) permitted herein.
religious buildings / centres other uses/ activities
conference halls, community
halls, marriage halls
dharmashala
guest house
museum/art galleries
exhibition centres, auditorium,

open air theatre
recreational club, playground
banks, police station/police
posts, police lines, police
headquarters, jails
fire station/ fire posts
post offices
public utilities and buildings
solid waste dumping ground /
sites
local state and central
government offices and use for
defense purposes.
bus and railway passengers
terminals, public utility and
buildings
local municipal facilities
uses incidental to Government
offices and for their use
monuments
radio transmitter and wireless
stations, telecommunication
centre, telephone exchange
hospitals, health centres, nursing
homes, dispensaries and clinic
162

Competent
A B C
In M1 Zone activities falling Activities related to All other activities

within non-polluting commercial, institutional especially industrial
industry/service industry and residential land use which are polluting in
(dominant land use) categories in M1 zone and non- nature and which will
can coexist with maximum up to polluting industrial land have an adverse
30% of commercial institutional, use in M2 Zone can be impact on the overall
recreational and residential land increased to between activities of this zone.
use. 20-50% depending on
the contextual and

locational feasibility of
MIXED USE ZONE the area.
(Mixed Industrial use, In M2 Zone all activities falling Note: Mixed land use
Mixed Residential use, within permitted residential land to be well defined by
Mixed Commercial) use (dominant land use) shall be the Development
minimum 60% and to coexist control body by
with commercial, institutional, prescribing the limits
recreational. on the use of activity
based on the
abutting road width,
compatible uses,
plots size, ground
coverage, FAR/FSI,
density, any other
urban design
guidelines.
In M3 Zone all activities falling
within permitted commercial,
institutional land use (dominant
land use) shall be minimum 60%
and to coexist with residential,
recreational, and non-polluting
and household industry.
163

Competent
A B C
RECREATIONAL USE Regional parks, district parks, Any building or

ZONE playgrounds, children traffic parks, structure which is not
(playgrounds/Stadi required for open air
um/Sports complex, recreation, dwelling
parks and gardens- unit except for watch
Public open spaces and ward personnel
and Multi- open and uses not
space) specifically permitted
therein.

Botanical / zoological garden, bird facilities such as police
sanctuary post, fire post, post and
telegraph office,
Clubs commercial use of

transit nature like
cinema, circus and other
shows
stadiums (indoor), outdoor stadiums public assembly halls
with/ without health centre for
players and staff
picnic huts, holiday resorts restaurants and caravan
parks
shooting range, sports training sports stadium
centres
specialized parks/ maidans for multi Open air cinemas
use
swimming pool
special recreation and special
educational utilities.

Competent
A B C
TRANSPORT AND Road transport terminals (bus Any other use / activity Use/activity not
COMMUNICATION terminals and depots) incidental to transport specifically permitted
USE ZONE and communication, herein. In vicinity of
(Roads/BRTS, residential dwelling airports: butcheries
Railway/MRTS, units for essential staff tanneries and solid
Airport, and watch and ward waste disposal sites
Seaports/Dockyard, personnel. shall be prohibited
Bus depots/truck within 10 km from
terminals and the Aerodrome
freight complexes, Reference Point
Transmission and (ARP)
Communication) goods terminals
parking areas, circulations, airport,
building and infrastructure
164
truck terminal
motor garage, workshop
repair and repair shop and
facilities such as night shelter,
boarding house,
banks
restuarants
booking offices
transmission centre, wireless station,
radio and television station
observatory and weather office
Use Zones Uses/Activities Permitted Uses/Activities Authority


Competent
A B C
PRIMARY ACTIVITY Dwelling for the people engaged in Farm houses, extensive heavy extensive,
USE ZONE the farm (rural settlement), industry, noxious, obnoxious
(Agriculture, forest, and hazardous
Poultry and dairy industries,
farming, rural farm‐houses and accessory brick kilns, any activity which is
settlements, Brick buildings, creating nuisance and
klin and extractive is Obnoxious in
areas, others like nature.
fishing pottery etc) agriculture, sewage disposal works,
horticulture and forestry, electric power plant,
poultry, piggeries and dairy farm, quarrying of gravel,
sand, clay or stone,
cottage industries, service industries
storage, processing and sale of farm accessory to obnoxious
produce, and hazardous
industries,
petrol and other fuel filling stations, school and library,
fishing, temple, churches
Public utility and facility buildings.
Residential uses permissible only
after subdivision of land by the
Authority in case of normal
expansion of existing human
habitation.
Each Planning Zone can be put to such use(s) as detailed out in the Master Plan. The proposed Land use Plan
indicates the location of broad uses and major facility areas. The requirements of these facilities are subject to
necessary modifications when the detailed Zonal Development Plans are conceived. Therefore, the purpose of
Zonal/Sub-zonal byelaws and regulations is not to stop the urban development activities in the Planning Area
but to serve as broad policy framework for the promotion of planned development. The Master Plan proposes
building activity within the prescribed Local Area limits should be controlled and guided by following set of
regulations as spelt out.
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The aim of enforcing the regulations is to achieve a desirable development pattern and structure with good
quality of life. In order to ensure complete harmony between land uses, town has been divided into various Use
Zones including Residential, Commercial, Mixed use, industrial, Recreational, Public & Semi-Public, Transport &
Communication, Agriculture, Plantation, Water bodies etc. However, in enforcing master Plan proposals the
regulations have been made efficient to avoid inconvenience to public. Mixed land use concept has also been
adopted and prescribed which shall need approval of Government. The adoption of mixed land use concept is to
enhance functionality of the uses.
14.1 Space Standards & Development and Design Controls

Space standards are fundamental to obtain the basic objective of Zoning Regulations to achieve desirable
pattern of development in each Use Zone. Strict enforcement is needed to achieve articulated urban
development as envisaged in the Master Plan.

Table 14.3 Spatial Norms and Standards
S. N Description Standard Prescribed Plot Area / Unit (HA)

A Educational Facilities
1 Pre-Primary School 1 for 2,500 – 4,000 Population 0.08
2 Primary School (including a 500 students / 4,000 Population 0.40

playfield)
3 Middle School (including a 1000 students or 1 for 7,500 Population 0.60
playfield)
4 Middle School with Hostel 1000 students or 1 for 7,500 Population 0.75
5 Higher Secondary School (IX-XII) 1000 students or 1 for 10,000 1.60
including a playfield Population
6 Higher Secondary School (IX-XII) 1000 students or 1 for 1,00,000 2.00
with Hostel Population
7 Integrated School (Class I-XII) with 1000 students or 1 for 1,00,000 3.90
Hostel Population
8 Integrated School (Class I-XII) 1500 students or 1 for 1,00,000 3.50
without Hostel Population
9 School for Handicapped (including 400 students / 45,000 Population 0.50
a playfield)
10 College (including a hostel and Students 1000-15000 or 1.25 Lac 4.00
playfield) Population
11 University campus without - 10.00
residential quarters
12 New University Campus with - 30.00
residential quarters
13 Industrial Training Institute (ITI) 500 students / 10 Lac Population 2.00
14 Polytechnic 400 students / 10 Lac Population 2.00
15 New Engineering College 1500-1700 Students 30.00
16 Medical College with Specialized 1500-1700 Students 15.00
General Hospital
B Health Care Facilities
17 Health Unit / Dispensary 1 for 15,000 Population 0.10
18 Nursing Home / Maternity Centre 30 Beds / 1 per 45,000 Population 0.25
19 Polyclinic with some observation 1 for 1 Lac Population 0.25
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beds
20 General Hospital (300-500 beds) 1 for 1 to 2.5 Lac Population 6.00
with residential accommodation
21 Intermediate Hospital with 100-200 Beds / 1 Lac Population 3.70
residential accommodation
22 Intermediate Hospital 80-100 Beds / 1 Lac Population 1.00
C Socio-Cultural Facilities
23 Community Room 1 per 5,000 Population 0.10
24 Community Hall and Library or 1 per 15,000 Population 0.20
Multi-purpose Hall
25 Recreational Club 1 per 15,000 Population 0.30
26 Recreational Club 1 per 50,000 Population 0.50

27 Recreational Club 1 for 1 Lac Population 1.00
28 Music, Dance & Drama Centre 1 for 1 Lac Population 0.20
29 Club Houses 1 for 1 Lac Population 1.00
30 Museum & Art Gallery with - 1.00
Parking
31 Community Centre with Hall and 1 for 15,000 Population 0.30
Library etc
32 Meditation and Spiritual Centre 1 for 50,000 Population 0.50
33 Botanical / Zoological Park 1 for 1 Lac Population 5.00
34 Exhibition Area (s) 1 for 1 to 10 Lac Population 10.00
35 Cinema / Theatre 1 for 1 Lac Population 0.50
36 Stadia / Sports Centre / Complex 1 for 1 Lac Population 8.00
37 Mini-Play Field 1 for 2,500 Population 0.75
38 Play Field 1 for 15,000 Population 1.50
39 Religious Place / Structure 1 for 2,000 Population (for all 0.20
community)
40 Religious Place / Structure 1 for 10,000 Population (for all 0.50
community)
41 Graveyards 1 for 20,000 Population 2.00
42 Cremation Ground 1 for 50,000 Population 0.50
D Distribution Services
43 Post and Telegraph Office 1 for 1.5 Lac Population 0.40
44 Post Office 1 for 40,000 Population -
45 Telephone Exchange - 0.20
46 Petrol Pump 1 per 225 ha of Gross Residential 0.20
Density
47 Petrol Pump 1 per 40 ha of gross Industrial Density 0.20
48 Milk Booth 1 for 5,000 Population -
49 LPG Godown 1 for 50,000 Population 0.20
50 LPG Plant with Bottling Facility - 1.00
51 Electrical Sub Station of 11 KV 1 for 15,000 Population -
52 Electrical Sub Station 66 KV 1 for 1 Lac Population -
E Police and Fire Services
54 Police Station 1 for 90,000 Population 1.50
55 Police Post 1 for 40,000 Population 0.20
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56 Fire Station 1 for 90,000 Population 1.50
F Slaughter House
57 Slaughter House 1 for 1 Lac Population 0.40
58 Abattoir 1 for 1 Lac Population 1.00
14.13 Urban Design Guidelines
14.13.1 Urban Design Concept

Urban design is the discipline through which planning and architecture can create or renew a sense of local pride
and identity. It has great potential for enhancing the visual image and quality of neighborhoods by providing a
three-dimensional physical form to policies described in the Master Plan. It focuses on design of the public
realm, which is created by both public spaces and the buildings that define them. Urban design views these
spaces holistically and is concerned with bringing together the different disciplines responsible for the

components of cities into a unified vision. Compared to comprehensive plans, urban design plans generally have
a short time horizon and are typically area or project specific. Key elements of an urban design plan include the
plan itself, the preparation of design guidelines for buildings, the design of the public realm - the open space,
streets, sidewalks, and plazas between and around buildings and the public interest issues of buildings. These
include massing, placement, sun, shadow, and wind issues.
Urban Design Objectives

1) To ensure that all development responds positively to the existing patterns of urban form and
character, the landscape qualities, historic and cultural elements and social dimensions and aspirations
of the town;
2) To reinforce the structure and image of the town as an attractive place to live, do business, recreate
and as a tourist attraction;
3) To ensure that the declared arterial network of transport and movement corridors makes a positive
contribution to town’s image;
4) To enhance and protect the landscape qualities;
5) To enrich the distinct topographic and landscape qualities and characteristics of the town;
6) To ensure that new development makes a positive contribution to sustainability.
Vision
To guide physical development toward a desired scale and character
that is consistent with the social, economic and aesthetic values of
the City.
Specific Guidelines
a) Natural Features
Preserve and protect natural landforms and features.
Conserve natural environment and create a linked open
space system. Preserve and enhance naturally occurring
features such as wetlands, riverfronts, slopes and forests.
b) Open Space Linkages
• Link neighborhood, public attractions, parks and other
destinations together through trail systems, bikeways,
landscaped boulevards, formalized parks, and natural open
space;
• Preserve and encourage preservation of physical connectivity and access to open space;
• Recognize that sometimes open spaces prevent the continuation of transportation corridors and inhibit
168
mobility between communities. Where conflicts exist between mobility and open space goals, site-
specific solutions may be addressed in community plans.
c) Development Adjacent to Natural Features (River and Hill slopes)

• Design, development adjacent to natural features in a
sensitive manner to highlight and complement the natural
environment in areas designated for development;
• Integrate development on river fronts with the natural
environment to preserve and enhance views, and protect
areas of natural drainage;
• Minimize grading to maintain the natural topography,
while contouring any landform alterations to blend into the natural terrain;
• Screen development adjacent to natural features as appropriate so that development does not appear
visually intrusive, or interfere with the experience within the open space system. The provision of

enhanced landscaping adjacent to natural features could be used to soften the appearance of or buffer
development from the natural features;
• Use building and landscape materials that blend with and do not create visual or other conflicts with
the natural environment;
• Design and site buildings to permit visual and physical access to the natural features from the public
right-of-way;
• Encourage location of entrances and windows in development adjacent to open space to overlook the
natural features;
• Protect views from public roadways and parklands to natural canyons, resource areas, and scenic vistas.
• Provide public pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian access paths to scenic view points, parklands, and
where consistent with resource protection, in natural resource open space areas;
• Provide special consideration to the sensitive environmental design of roadways that traverse natural
open space systems to ensure an integrated aesthetic design that respects open space resources. This
could include the use of alternative materials such as “quiet pavement” in noise sensitive locations, and
bridge or roadway designs that respect the natural environment.
d) Street Frontage
• Create street frontages with architectural and landscape interest to provide visual appeal to the
streetscape and enhance the pedestrian experience.
• Locate buildings on the site so that they reinforce street
frontages.
• Relate buildings to existing and planned adjacent uses.
• Ensure that building entries are prominent, visible, and
well-located.
• Maintain existing setback patterns, except where
community plans call for a change to the existing pattern.
e) Historic Character
• Respect the context of historic streets, landmarks, and areas that give a community a sense of place or
history. A survey may be done to identify "conservation areas" that retain original community character
in sufficient quantity and quality but typically do not meet designation criteria as an individual historical
resource or as a contributor to a historical district;
• Create guidelines in community plans to be used for new development, so that a neighborhood's
historic character is complemented within the conservation areas where appropriate;
• Review the redevelopment of property within conservation areas to maintain important aspects of the
surviving community character that have been identified as characteristics of a neighborhood that
169
could be preserved.
f) Public Spaces
• Include public plazas, squares or other gathering spaces in each neighborhood center;
• Locate public spaces in prominent, recognizable, and accessible locations;
• Design outdoor open areas as “outdoor rooms,” developing a hierarchy of usable spaces that create a
sense of enclosure using landscape, paving, walls, lighting, and structures;
• Develop each public space with a unique character, specific to its site and use;
• Design public spaces to accommodate a variety of artistic, social, cultural, and recreational
opportunities including civic gatherings such as festivals, markets, performances, and exhibits;
• Consider artistic, cultural, and social activities unique to the neighborhood and designed for varying age
groups that can be incorporated into the space;
• Use landscape, hardscape, and public art to improve the quality of public spaces;
• Encourage the active management and programming of public spaces;

• Design outdoor spaces to allow for both shade and the penetration of sunlight;
• Frame parks and plazas with buildings, which visually contain and provide natural surveillance into the
open space.
g) Civic Architecture and Landmarks
• Treat and locate civic architecture and landmark institutions prominently;
• Where feasible, provide distinctive public open space, public art, greens, and/or plazas around civic
buildings such as courthouses, libraries, post offices, and community centers to enhance the character
of these civic and public buildings. Such civic and public buildings are widely used and should form the
focal point for neighborhoods and communities;
• Incorporate sustainable building principles into building design;
• Civic buildings at prominent locations, sites fronting open space, sites framing a public vista, and those
affording a silhouette against the sky should exhibit notable architecture;
• Encourage innovative designs that distinguish civic and public buildings and landmarks from the
surrounding neighborhood as a means of identifying their role as focal points for the community.
h) Landscape
• Landscape materials and design should enhance structures,
create and define public and private spaces, and provide shade,
aesthetic and environmental benefits
• Maximize the planting of new trees, street trees and other
plants for their shading, air quality, and livability benefits;
• Use water conservation through the use of drought-tolerant
landscape, porous materials, and reclaimed water where available;
• Use landscape to support storm water management goals for filtration, percolation and erosion control;
• Use landscape to provide unique identities within neighborhoods, villages and other developed areas;
• Landscape materials and design should complement and build upon the existing character of the
neighborhood;
• Design landscape bordering the pedestrian network with new elements, such as a new plant form or
material, at a scale and intervals appropriate to the site. This is not intended to discourage a uniform
street tree or landscape theme, but to add interest to the streetscape and enhance the pedestrian
experience;
• Establish or maintain tree-lined residential and commercial streets. Neighborhoods and commercial
corridors in the town that contain tree-lined streets present a streetscape that creates a distinctive
character;
o Identify and plant trees that complement and expand on the surrounding street tree fabric.
170
o Unify communities by using street trees to link

residential areas.
o Locate street trees in a manner that does not obstruct
ground illumination from streetlights.
• Shade paved areas, especially parking lots;
• Demarcate public, semi-public/private, and private spaces
clearly through the use of landscape, walls, fences, gates,
pavement treatment, signs, and other methods to denote
boundaries and/or buffers;
• Use landscaped walkways to direct people to proper entrances and away from private areas;
• Reduce barriers to views or light by selecting appropriate tree types, pruning thick hedges, and large
overhanging tree canopies;
• Utilize landscape adjacent to natural features to soften the visual appearance of a development and
provide a natural buffer between the development and open space areas.

i) Parking
• Reduce the amount and visual impact of surface parking lots;
• Encourage placement of parking along the rear and sides of street-oriented buildings;
• Avoid blank walls facing onto parking lots by promoting treatments that use colors, materials,
landscape, selective openings or other means of creating interest;
• Design clear and attractive pedestrian passes/pathways and signs that link parking and destinations;
• Locate pedestrian pathways in areas where vehicular access is limited;
• Avoid large areas of uninterrupted parking especially adjacent to community public view sheds;
• Build multiple small parking lots in lieu of one large lot;
• Retrofit existing expansive parking lots with street trees, landscape, pedestrian paths, and new building
placement;
• Promote the use of pervious surface materials to reduce runoff and infiltrate storm water;
• Use trees and other landscape to provide shade, screening, and filtering of storm water runoff in
parking lots
j) Lighting
• Provide lighting from a variety of sources at appropriate intensities and qualities for safety;
• Provide pedestrian-scaled lighting for pedestrian circulation and visibility;
• Use effective lighting for vehicular traffic while not overwhelming the quality of pedestrian lighting;
• Use lighting to convey a sense of safety while minimizing glare and contrast;
• Use vandal-resistant light fixtures that complement the neighborhood and character.
• Focus lighting to eliminate spill-over so that lighting is directed, intended use is illuminated.
k) Signage
• Design project signage to effectively utilize sign area and complement the character of the structure
and setting
• Architecturally integrate signage into project design;
• Include pedestrian-oriented signs to acquaint users to various aspects of a development. Place signs to
direct vehicular and pedestrian circulation;
• Post signs to provide directions and rules of conduct where appropriate behavior control is necessary;
• Design signs to minimize negative visual impacts;
• Address community-specific signage issues in community plans, where needed.
171
l) Utilities
• Minimize the visual and functional impact of utility systems and equipment on streets, sidewalks, and
the public realm;
• Convert overhead utility wires and poles, and overhead structures such as those associated with
supplying electric, communication, community antenna television, or similar service to underground;
• Design and locate public and private utility infrastructure, such as phone, cable and communications
boxes, transformers, meters, fuel ports, back-flow preventers, ventilation grilles, grease interceptors,
irrigation valves, and any similar elements, to be integrated into adjacent development and as
inconspicuous as possible;
• To minimize obstructions, elements in the sidewalk and public right of way should be located in below
grade vaults or building recesses that do not encroach on the right of way (to the maximum extent
permitted by codes). If located in a landscaped setback, they should be as far from the sidewalk as
possible, clustered and integrated into the landscape design, and screened from public view with plant
and/or fencelike elements;

• Traffic operational features such as streetlights, traffic signals, control boxes, street signs and similar
facilities should be located and consolidated on poles, to minimize clutter, improve safety, and
maximize public pedestrian access, especially at intersections and sidewalk ramps. Other street utilities
such as storm drains and vaults should be carefully located to afford proper placement of the vertical
elements.
Facade Development and Control Measures

In the town areas, absolute architectural and zoning control should be adhered to and remain operative. These
include volume, outline and skyline, forms, spatial setting, facades, materials, textures, colours, fenestrations
and even the basic outer boundary wall and gates. Since the experiment of developing small plots attached to
each other and showing common walls on both the sides according to zoning guidelines resulted in a haphazard
street picture, the need for frame controls was felt. Frame control design comprises of fixing the extent and
heights of the party walls and a top course and connecting them with a frame. The building portion which can be
of any design stays behind the frame. This is needed because most of the construction has skewed proportions,
using all sorts of materials without any consideration for aesthetics and ethnic material and proportion.
(I) Design Concepts and Proportions of Building Elements
The shape of the building will be determined by its functional mass. False appurtenances and decorative
architectural elements with no function will not be permitted. It is intended that the style be rustic, solid and
true, with its elegance and grace provided by good proportions, good massing and good relationship to the other
buildings.
(Ii) Land Slope and Contours
Design must evolve considering zero or minimal alteration of existing slopes and contours. Slope cutting shall not
be allowed to accommodate any structure that is not compatible to slopes and contours.
(iii) Land Forms and Geographical Character of Soil
Landforms and geographical character must be respected while planning any road access and the raising of
structure and its allied infrastructure. No retaining wall of concrete or stone shall be permitted for forced
placement of any building.
(Iv) Impact on Environment
Services such as garbage disposal, wastewater management, Sewerage etc shall be individually or collectively
managed to leave underground or above ground resources unpolluted.
(V) Energy Efficient Planning
All building placements, their windows and roof slopes along with tree foliage shall be planned to achieve
maximum energy efficient designs in order to reduce dependence on mechanical and non-renewable energy
resources which otherwise are environmentally and financially expensive.
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15
Investment Plan
15. Investment Plan

15.1 Introduction
The successful implementation of a Master Plan is depending on the availability of resources with the
implementation authority and the concerned department. The availability of funds sets the guidelines for the
development for various proposed projects of the planning area. The different proposals for Bhadrak Master
Plan (BMP) have been drawn up for achievement over the period up to 2030 have given a broad estimate of
investment to be undertaken.
This is an indicative investment plan, it would be imperative to find out sources of enhanced capital finances to
be able to carry out the required investment. Further, it has been a common phenomenon that many of the

capital expenditure has not been sustained properly leading the delivery of services to suffer. Therefore,
sustenance of capital expenditure in terms of operation and maintenance of assets created becomes all the
more important and this force for identification of different revenue generating options.
15.2 Sector-wise Investment Proposal

The sector wise investment requirement for the implementation of various projects of Bhadrak Master Plan is
detailed in table below.
Table 15.1: Sector Wise Investment for Bhadrak Planning area
S. Location Project Name Total Cost

No.
Urban Development
1 Core area of Bhadrak Urban Renewal of Core Old Areas of Bhadrak Town
Town 100
2 Core area of Bhadrak Development of Heritage Buildings of Bhadrak Town
Town 50
3 Distributed in Town Rehabilitation of Slums dwellers (42-Pockets) along River
Salandi and on Water Bodies located in Planning Area 2500
4 Bhadrak Planning Area Green Belt along Major Proposed Roads 150
5 Ward 13 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 13 (10.20 Ha) 918
6 Ward 28 Neighbourhood centre at Ward 28 (10.34 Ha) 930.6
7 Beka Neighbourhood Centre at Beka (10.02 Ha) 901.8
9 Ward 17 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 17 (10.09 Ha) 908.1
11 Erein Neighbourhood Centre at Erein (10.04 Ha) 903.6
12 Erein Neighbourhood centre at Erein (10.57 Ha) 951.3
14 Randia Neighbourhood centre at Randia (10.07 Ha) 906.3
15 Samarayapur Neighbourhood centre at Samarayapur (10.18 Ha) 916.2
Water Supply System
16 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Water Supply System for Bhadrak
(BPA) Planning Area 14
173

No.
17 Existing Bhadrak Town Improvement of Water Supply System of Bhadrak 200
18 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of truck water distribution System in new Areas 500
Power
19 Existing Bhadrak Town Renovation and modernization of 33/11 KV and 11 KV / 440
V sub- stations 200
20 Existing Bhadrak Town Installation of new transformers and capacity augmentation
of existing transformers 350
21 Existing Bhadrak Town Metering of all connections 200
22 Existing Bhadrak Town Installation of a HVDS (High Voltage Distribution System); 500
23 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Power Supply System for Bhadrak
Planning Area 15

Sewerage System
24 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Sewerage System for Bhadrak
Planning Area 15
25 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of Sewer Network for Planning Area 1000
26 Ward 29 Construction of STP (14 MLD) on 3.31 Hectare of Land 297.9
27 Ward 28 Construction of STP (15 MLD) on 3.34 Hectare of Land 300.6
28 Bhadrak Planning Area Improvement and Modernization of Solid Waste Collection,
Transportation and Disposal System of Bhadrak 250
29 Bramhapur Development of Solid Waste Engineering Landfill Site on
8.99 Hectare of Land 809.1
Drainage System
30 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR for Drainage System for Bhadrak
Planning Area 25
31 Bhadrak Town Cleaning and maintenance of existing main drains 1500
32 Bhadrak Planning Area Laying of Road side drains in new proposed areas within
Bhadrak Planning Area 3000
33 Bhadrak Town Construction and Improvement of Existing Storm Water
Drains 2000
34 Bhadrak Planning Area Slope protection, Improvement, Construction , Repair &
(Under Salandi Canal Restoration
Division) 181
35 Bhadrak Planning Area Master plan of Strom Water drainage(Sanctioned Under
AMRUT)
277.26
Flood Control
36 Bhadrak Planning Area Slope protection, Construction , Repair & Restoration
(Under State Plan 2016-
17) 90
37 Bhadrak Planning Area Slope protection, Construction , Repair & Restoration
(Under Salandi Canal
Division) 135
Water Bodies
38 Bhadrak Planning Area Repair and Renovation of Water Bodies in Planning Area 1000
39 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Green Belt around all water bodies 500
40 Bhadrak Planning Area Excavation and Renovation of High Level Canal 100
174

No.
41 Bhadrak Planning Area Excavation and Cleaning of River Salandi within Bhadrak
Planning Area 500
42 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Salandi Riverfront as recreational zone 2000
43 Bhadrak Town Repair and Renovation of Existing Road Network of Bhadrak
Town 1500
44 Ward 4 and Baudpur Improvement and Renovation of Bhadrak and Baudpur
Railway Stations
400
45 Ward 24 Development of Bus terminal – I (5.04 Ha) 453.6
46 Randia Development of Bus terminal – II (5.13 Ha) 461.7
47 Gelpur Development of Integrated Freight Complex - I (58.89 Ha) 5300.1

48 Palasinga Development of Integrated Freight Complex - II (21.07 Ha) 1896.3
49 Ward 7 Development of Truck Terminal (10.00 Ha) 900
50 Bhadrak Planning Area Construction of Street Parking (Sanctioned Under AMRUT) 50
51 Bhadrak Planning Area Preparation of DPR on City Mobility Plan (Sanctioned Under
AMRUT) 50
52 Bhadrak Planning Area Augmentation of City Bus Fleet (Sanctioned Under AMRUT) 1000
53 Bhadrak Planning Area Construction of Cycle parking near Bus stand (Sanctioned
Under AMRUT) 300
54 Bhadrak Planning Area Up gradation of Bus Depots (Sanctioned Under AMRUT) 50
55 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Transport Nagar (Sanctioned Under
AMRUT) 1000
56 Bhadrak Planning Area Construction of Foot Over Bridges (Sanctioned Under
AMRUT) 300
57 Bhadrak Planning Area Construction of Non-motorised Transport facilities
(Footpaths & Cycle Tracks & Cycle Parking) (Sanctioned
Under AMRUT) 600
Commercial
58 Erein Development of Commercial/ District Centre (14.94 Ha) 1344.6
59 Ward 1 Development of Wholesale and Trade Centre (75.94 Ha) 6834.6
60 Bhadrak Planning Area Development of Aqua Culture Ponds 100
61 Ward 17 Development of Multi-Specialist Hospital (1 Ha) 90
62 Ward 13 Development of Educational Research Hub (31.23 Ha) 2810.7
63 Ward 25 Development of a ITI (4.26 Ha) 383.4
64 Elekha and Korkora Development of Bio-Diversity Park (50.43 Ha) 4538.7
65 Bhadrak Planning Area Plantation along River, Canal, Nallah and Water Bodies 50
Recreational
66 Ward 13 Development of Sport Centre cum Complex (27.11 Ha) 2439.9
67 Asura Development of Exhibition Ground (69.44 Ha) 6249.6
68 Kuntala Development of City Level Park (12.20 Ha) 1098
69 Ward 4 Development of City Level Park (8.00 Ha) 720
175

No.
70 Asura Development of Recreational Park (41.67 Ha) 3750.3
71 Randia Development of Zonal Park (15.21 Ha) 1368.9
Industrial Area
72 Ranja, Tisalpur Development of Industrial Estate – I (165.20 Ha) 14868
73 Korant, Randia Development of Industrial Estate – II (205.07 Ha) 18456.3
15.3 Total Investment Proposal

The Master Plan of Bhadrak Planning Area will require a total public and private sector investment of approx. Rs.
1795.77 crores till horizon year 2030. The summation of all the costs of sectoral level plans provide the total
estimate as detailed in Table below.

Table 15.2: Summation of Sectoral Investment Plan for Bhadrak Planning Area
S. No. Sector Approx.

Cost (in
Corers)
1 Traffic and Transportation 142.62
2 Physical Infrastructure 832.49
3 Social Infrastructure 32.84
4 Commercial Development 416.04
5 Heritage and Conservation 26.50
6 Recreational 156.28
7 Environment and Ecology 88.39
8 Mixed use/Neighbourhood centres 100.63
Total 1795.77
15.4 Phasing of Proposals

With limited resources in hand, debarring from horticulture resources, the Master plan asserts that Special
Planning Authority (SPA) should evolve a scientific mechanism for resource mobilization and implementation of
development proposals. It has been proposed that private participation shall be encouraged to cater the
potential infrastructure demand during horizon period of 15-years. It is urged that the Authority (SPA) shall
provide a conducive environment for public-private-participation and should develop a mechanism to safeguard
the area from destruction through effective checks on development carried out by private developers.
In spite of the fact that Bhadrak has vast potential for industrial development, but unlike other urban centers in
the Region, the area could not take off for want of adequate infrastructure essential for urban development. To
promote development, it is proposed to prioritize development in such a way that initially those components are
proposed that would induce spontaneous development in the region and connectivity to all major urban
centers. It proposes that Phase-1 shall comprise all those components which may act as catalysts and contain
multiplying effects for development. Therefore, apart from road connectivity, acquisition for development of
housing colony, industrial development, Logistic, dislocation and rehabilitation of shops and residential
structures at major road intersections shall be taken up in Phase-I and Phase-II.
The follow-up phases i.e. Phase-III and IV shall have thrust on further industrial expansion, land acquisition for
further infrastructure development. The Master plan of Bhadrak being a guiding policy document asserts that
176
possibilities have to be explored to check migration to other major urban centers by providing the entire
infrastructure envisaged in the Master Plan.
177
Annexure
16. Annexure
Table 1: Municipal Area Population
Municipal Area Population (2011)
Bhadrak (M) WARD NO.-0001 2474

Table 2: Population of villages included in the Master Planning Area, Bhadrak

Name of Villages Population (2011)
Korkara 1628
Charampa 2919
Kuntala 693
Palasinga 703
Hamirbindha 1102
Khordanga 963
178
Name of Villages Population (2011)

Gelpur 1781
Elakha 227
Bhabanibindha 1268
Kedarpur 6
Nachhipur 1020
Maliaruan 505
Brahmapur 3233
Saidabad 713
Baradadihi 510
Erein (CT) 7890
Bhagabanpur 711
Ranja 4385

Asura 2793
Tisalpur 416
Koranta 2026
Table 3: Population of Out growths included in the Master Planning Area, Bhadrak
Name of Out growths Population (2011)
Randia 2993
Baudpur 2139
Samaraipur 4449
Table 4: Salandi Canal Division (Critical RE)

S. No New Projects
1 Construction of Foot bridge across Badajore of Kani nallah near village Ba-diha of Nuagaon G.P.
2 Construction of C. D. Work & approach road of Kunjakalia Bridge
3 Slope Protection & Restoration to O.A.E. on Salandi Left near Habib Nagar Danga Ghata
4 Slope Protection of Salandi Left Enbankment near Barikpur V. R. B.
5 Restoration of Nazar Nalla Sluice with slope protection
6 Slope Protection to Salandi Left Enbanment near Kuans Smasan
7 Improvement to Naliaa Right Enbankment at Langudi Mahadev Sahi
8 Slope protection with dumping on Salandi Right at Januganja
9 Improvement to road on Salandi left from Gopalia Head Regulator to Aharapada
10 Improvement to Afflux Bundh & approach road of Kanchudi Sluice near village Padampur for the
year 2016-17
11 Improvement to Gates of Rajabandha Sluice near village Bramhani Gaon for the year 2016-17
Table 5: Salandi Canal Division (Critical SE)

S. No New Projects
1 Raising strengthening to Kandha Neduali Saline Embankment form R. D. 4.00 km to 8.00 km
2 Raising strengthening to Kchandbali Chardia Saline Embankement from R. D. 6.800 Km to 8.200
km including B. T. Work
3 Repair of Sluice with shutters of Pokhari Sahi, Ghee Koili, Baghasuni, Dhodhoia, Bhau Haripur
Sana haripur (Matha), Pichhapatia, Godam Jore, Balikuri & Kashipur Check Dam
Table 6: Salandi Canal Division (Road)
179
S. No New Projects
1 Improvement to Service Road from Salandi Right (Nuasahi) to Nalia Left Enbankment (Arnnapal
RD Road)
2 Improvement to Service Road of River Naliaa Left from Boitalumahara sluice to Rajuali Bindha
Table 7: Salandi Canal Division (SP-RE)

S. No New Projects
1 Construction of cause way over Kelasahi Barasar Embankment near Chabruti & Extention of
embankment upto Barasar U. P. Chool
2 Construction of H. P. Culvert over Hengupati Mohalik Sahi Embankment including raising
strengthening and metalling
3 Construction 2 nos. of H. P. Culvert over Kaudia Left TRE near Kaudia Sluice
4 Construction of Foot Bridge across Begunia jore near village Jenapur in Bijayanagar G. P.

5 Raising & Strengthening of Chandabali-Hengupati embankment on Salandi left from Thianas
bridge to Hengupati Sluice
6 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankment of Hatia Ganda (Near Banka Sahi)
7 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankment near Gandhi Padia
8 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankment at D/S of Khandatada Bed Regulator
9 Restoration of Right Embankment of Salandi from Uttarbahini Parida Sahi
10 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankement near Randia College
11 Slope Protection to Left Embankment of River Naliaa at Langudi Mahadev Sahi
12 Construction of Left Embankment of River Salandi from Dasamouza H/R to Aaharpada Bed
Regulator
13 Restoration & Slope Protection to Left Embankment of River Salandi near Village Kunas
14 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankement with stone dumping and packing at Bagurai
Prusti Sahi
15 Restoration to right embankment of River Nalia near Village Susuaa Jena Sahi, Bishnupur &
Mukundpur
16 Construction of Salandi Right Embankment from Bhadrak College to A. H.-45 (Girls High School)
17 Slope Protection to Salandi Right Embankment at Apartibindha & Elekha
18 Slope Protection to Salandi Left Embankment from Matha Sahi to Rajghat
Table 8: Salandi Canal Division (SP-SE)

S. No New Projects
1 Construction of Toe Wall near village Karanpokhari on Permanandapur Chardia Saline
Embankment
2 Construction of C. D. Work on Chandbali Chardia Salaine Embankment near village Orasahi at R.
D. 8.800 km to 9.400 km
3 Slope Protection to Baitarani Left near Village- Gheekoili
4 Slope Protection to Baitarani Left near Chandbali Town (Bada Bazar) Balance work
180
Table 9: State Plan Flood Restoration Works for the Year 2016-17
S. No. Name of Work District Block Constituency Nature of Work
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Scope Protection & Bhadrak Bhadrak Bhadrak Earth work, Stone
Construction of Packing
Embarkement on Salandi
Right at Bankasahi near
Women's college
2 Slope Protection to Baitarani Bhadrak Chandbali Chandbali Stone dumping &
Left from Lunchghat to Packing
Aranya Nivas
3 Bank Protection to Baitarani Bhadrak Chandbali Chandbali Dumping & Packing
Left near village Pokharisahi
4 Bank Protection to Baitarani Bhadrak Chandbali Chandbali Dumping & Packing
Left near village Sanaharipur

5 R/R to Nalia Left near Village Bhadrak Tihidi Dhamnagar Stone Packing,
Baro Jenasahi with Earthwork
construction of CD Works
6 Slope Protection to Nalia Left Bhadrak Bhadrak Bhadrak Packing & Dumping
at Bishnupur bindha
7 Restoration of Gaya mahara Bhadrak Dhamnagar Dhamnagar Earthwork, Conc
and sluice at Gualipala on
Nalia Right
Table 10: Additional Work List Under Salandi Canal Division, Bhadrak
S. No. Name of Work
Flood Control
1 Construction & Slope protection to left & Right embankment of river Salandi to RD 53.10 km
2 Slope Protection to River Nalia at D/S of Durgapur Escape
3 Slope Protection to River Nalia at Rajualibindha & Itapal
4 Repair & Restoration with Construction of Protection Wall to the Feeder of Salandi river near
Banka School
5 Construction of Right embankment of river Salandi from Gabasahi bridge to Januganja
6 Construction of Protection wall on Capital Embankment 2A
7 Construction of Protection wall & stone packing on left embankment of River Salandi at
Durgapur
Table 11: Flood Restoration

S. No. Name of Work
FLOOD RESTORATION
1 Restoration to left embankment of river Salandi from Uttarbahini PWD road to Uttarbahini
Paridasahi
2 Slope protection with breach closing to river Salandi at Dhobatia
3 Slope protection to Left Embankment of River Nalia at Langudi Mahadevasahi
4 Construction of both embankments of river Salandi at Bental
Table 12: Possible Strategies to meet objectives
181
S. No. Objectives Possible Activities

1 NIMT Pedestrian Walkways, footpaths, cycle tracks,
parks and open spaces
2 Widening of roads Widening of RoW for Sub Arterial roads
3 Proper co-ordination between responsible Integration of Governance
authorities
4 City Mobility Plan DPR
5 There should be proper arrangement of Signalisation, Junction Design, Widening of roads
traffic for flow of traffic
6 Parking Multi-level Parking
Table 13: Estimated Cost for various possible activities

S. No. Projects Unit Quan

tity
1 Construction of Street Parking (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/01) No. 8
2 Preparation of DPR on City Mobility Plan (CMP) No. 1
(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/02)
3 Augmentation of City Bus Fleet (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/03) Buses 1
4 Construction of Cycle parking near Bus stand No. 1
5 Upgradation of Bus Depots(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/05) No. 1
6 Development of Transport Nagar (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/06) No. 1
7 Construction of Foot Over Bridges (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/07) No. 5
8 Construction of Non-motorised Transport facilities (Footpaths & Cycle Kms 3
Tracks & Cycle Parking) (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/08)

Priority Project
No
1 Road Improvements
2 Augmentation of CBS
3 Over Bridges
4 DPR on City Mobility Plan
5 Parking Space identified
6 Cycle parking near Bus Stand
7 Upgradation of Bus Depots
8 Development of Transport Nagar
9 Construction of Foot Over Bridges
10 Construction of Non-motorised Transport facilities (Footpaths & Cycle Tracks & Cycle Parking)

S. No. Projects Physical
Components
1 Construction of Street Parking (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/01) Off Street Parking

2 Preparation of DPR on City Mobility Plan (CMP) DPR to study
(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/02) feasibility of NMT,
CBS, etc.
3 Augmentation of City Bus Fleet (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/03) Bus Fleet
4 Construction of Cycle parking near Bus stand Cycle Parking
182
S. No. Projects Physical

Components
5 Upgradation of Bus Depots (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/05) Depots and
terminals
6 Development of Transport Nagar (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/06) Truck Logistics Hub
7 Construction of Foot Over Bridges (AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/07) O&M

8 Construction of Non-motorised Transport facilities Footpaths & Cycle
(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/UT/08) Tracks & Cycle
Parking
Table 16: Master Plan of Strom Water Drainage Projects for Mission Period (As per Table 2.1 of AMRUT
guidelines) Master Plan of Storm Water Projects for Mission Period
S. No. Project Name Priority Year in which Year in

No. to be which

implemented proposed
to be
completed
1 Augmentation of SWD in Bhadrak Town in Zone 4 1 2015-16 2016-17
AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/SWD/04
7 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – Rehabilitation P1 1 15-16 16-17
AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/WS/01)
8 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – New 5 16-17 18-19
Z1(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/WS/05)
9 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – New 6 16-17 18-19
Z2(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/WS/06)
10 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – New Z3 7 16-17 18-19
(AMRUT/OD/BHADRAK/WS/07)
11 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – New Z4 8 16-17 18-19
12 Improvement of WS to Bhadrak – Headworks P1 3 16-17 17-18
183
Table 17: Year Wise Plan
Proposed Project Indicator Baseline Annual Targets

Project Cost in
Rs. Cr.
(Increment from the Baseline value)
FY 2016 FY FY FY FY
H1 H2 2017 2018 2019 202

0
Improvement 107.16
of Water
Supply to
Bhadrak
Under AMRUT

Coverage of 7.20% 8% 10% 12% 50% 80% 100
Water supply %
connections
Per capita supply 45.25 46 46 46 135 135 135
of water
Extent of 0% 0% 2% 20% 70% 90% 100
metering of water %
connections
Extent of non- 87% 85% 83% 70% 50% 30% 20
revenue water %
Quality of water 100% 100% 100 100% 100 100% 100
supplied % % %
Cost recovery in 25% 25% 30% 35% 50% 80% 100
water supply %
services
Efficiency in 56% 56% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100
collection of %
water supply
related charges
184
Gazettee Notification of Inclusion of Revenue Villages within the Bhadrak Planning Area.
185
186
187
188
189
190
Project Phasing
Year 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S.No.
Project Name Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
Urban Development
1 Urban Renewal of Core Old Areas of Bhadrak Town

Development of Heritage Buildings of Bhadrak Town
2

Rehabilitation of Slums dwellers (42-Pockets) along River
3 Salandi and on Water Bodies located in Planning Area
4 Green Belt along Major Proposed Roads
5 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 13 (10.20 Ha)
6 Neighbourhood centre at Ward 28 (10.34 Ha)
7 Neighbourhood Centre at Beka (10.02 Ha)
9 Neighbourhood Centre at Ward 17 (10.09 Ha)
11 Neighbourhood Centre at Erei (10.04 Ha)
12 Neighbourhood centre at Erei (10.57 Ha)
14 Neighbourhood centre at Randia (10.07 Ha)
15 Neighbourhood centre at Samarayapur (10.18 Ha)

Water Supply
Preparation of DPR for Water Supply System for Bhadrak
1 Planning Area
2 Improvement of Water Supply System of Bhadrak
3 Laying of truck water distribution System in new Areas

Power
Renovation and modernization of 33/11 KV and 11 KV / 440
1 V sub- stations
Year 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S.No.
Installation of new transformers and capacity
2 augmentation of existing transformers
3 Metering of all connections
4 Installation of a HVDS (High Voltage Distribution System)

Preparation of DPR for Power Supply System for Bhadrak

5 Planning Area
Sewerage
Preparation of DPR for Sewerage System for Bhadrak
Planning Area
1 Laying of Sewer Network for Planning Area
2 Construction of STP (14 MLD) on 3.31 Hectare of Land

Construction of STP (15 MLD) on 3.34 Hectare of Land
3
Improvement and Modernization of Solid Waste Collection,
Transportation and Disposal System of Bhadrak
1
Development of Solid Waste Engineering Landfill Site on
2 8.99 Hectare of Land
Drainage
Preparation of DPR for Drainage System for Bhadrak
1 Planning Area
2 Cleaning and maintenance of existing main drains

Laying of Road side drains in new proposed areas within
3 Bhadrak Planning Area
Construction and Improvement of Existing Storm Water
4 Drains
Slope protection, Improvement, Construction , Repair &
5 Restoration
Year 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S.No.
Master plan of Strom Water drainage(Sanctioned Under
6 AMRUT)
Flood control
1 Slope protection, Construction , Repair & Restoration
2 Slope protection, Construction , Repair & Restoration

Water Bodies
1 Repair and Renovation of Water Bodies in Planning Area
2 Development of Green Belt around all water bodies
3 Excavation and Renovation of High Level Canal

Excavation and Cleaning of River Salandi within Bhadrak
4 Planning Area
5 Development of Salandi Riverfront as recreational zone

Traffic and Transport
Repair and Renovation of Existing Road Network of
1 Bhadrak Town
Improvement and Renovation of Bhadrak and Baudpur
2 Railway Stations
3 Development of Bus terminal – I (5.04 Ha)
4 Development of Bus terminal – II (5.13 Ha)
5 Development of Integrated Freight Complex - I (58.89 Ha)
6 Development of Integrated Freight Complex - II (21.07 Ha)
7 Development of Truck Terminal (10.00 Ha)
8 Construction of Street Parking (Sanctioned Under AMRUT)

Preparation of DPR on City Mobility Plan (Sanctioned Under
9 AMRUT)
10 Augmentation of City Bus Fleet (Sanctioned Under AMRUT)

Construction of Cycle parking near Bus stand (Sanctioned
11 Under AMRUT)
Year 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S.No.
12 Up gradation of Bus Depots (Sanctioned Under AMRUT)
Development of Transport Nagar (Sanctioned Under
13 AMRUT)
Construction of Foot Over Bridges (Sanctioned Under
14 AMRUT)

Construction of Non-motorised Transport facilities
(Footpaths & Cycle Tracks & Cycle Parking) (Sanctioned
Under AMRUT)
15
Commercial
1 Development of Commercial/ District Centre (14.94 Ha)
2 Development of Wholesale and Trade Centre (75.94 Ha)
Development of Aqua Culture Ponds
1 Development of Multi-Speciality Hospital (1 Ha)
2 Development of Educational Research Hub (31.23 Ha)
3 Development of a ITI (4.26 Ha)
1 Development of Bio-Diversity Park (50.43 Ha)
2 Plantation along River, Canal, Nallah and Water Bodies
Recreational
1 Development of Sport Centre cum Complex (27.11 Ha)
2 Development of Exhibition Ground (69.44 Ha)
3 Development of City Level Park (12.20 Ha)
4 Development of City Level Park (8.00 Ha)
5 Development of Recreational Park (41.67 Ha)
6 Development of Zonal Park (15.21 Ha)
Industrial Area
Year 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
S.No.
1 Development of Industrial Estate – I (165.20 Ha)
2 Development of Industrial Estate – II (205.07 Ha)

Consultants:
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GIS/RS Based Master Plan

Special Planning Authority, Bhadrak, Odisha

GIS/RS Based Master Plan for Bhadrak (Final)

Prepared By: M/s Feedback Infra Private Limited Gurgaon on

Under the supervision of: Directorate of Town Planning,

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Approved by: Directorate of Town Planning,

Published by: Special Planning Authority, Bhadrak

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

The Special Planning Authority sincerely acknowledges its gratitude to local

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Feedback Infra Private Limited, Gurgaon

In joint venture with

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

NGOs : Non-Governmental Organizations

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

13. Future Land Use ............................................................................................................................137

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Table 3.2: Distribution of Existing Land Use of Rural Area 25

Table 5.1 Existing Population 2011- Bhadrak 33

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Table 5.7 Bhadrak Population Projection -2030 35

Table 5.11 Sector Wise Workforce Participation – 2030 39

Table 6.3 Road Inventory on Randhia Road towards Anandapur Stretch 47

Table 6.4 Road Inventory on Aradi Road Stretch 48

Table 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch 49

Table 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch 52

Table 6.9 Road Inventory on Railway Crossing (Gelti Road) 55

Table 7.4 Average Distance of Infrastructure Facilities Availability 84

Table 7.7 Completed Housing Board Projects in Bhadrak: 86

Table 7.10: Slum Clusters Covered under DPR 90

Table 8.2: Projected Water Demand of Planning Area 96

Table 8.3: Estimation of Sewage Generation 97

Table 8.4: Solid Waste Generation (MT), 2011-2030 103

Table 9.2 Future Requirement of Health facilities in Bhadrak 113

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Table 9.4: Future Requirement of Community Facilities in Bhadrak 114

Table 9.6 Projected Power Supply Requirement 116

Table 12.1: Institutional Framework for Project Implementation 127

Table 13.1 Planning Area Units Details 138

Figure 2.3: Watershed map of Baitarani River Basin ............................................................................................... 15

Figure 2.1: Distribution of Developed and Non-developed Area in Bhadrak MC .................................................... 22

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan

Figure 4.3 Bhadrak Concept Development .............................................................................................................. 31

Figure 5.2 Bhadrak Population Growth Rate 1991-2030 ........................................................................................ 36

Figure 5.4 Sector Wise workers distribution .......................................................................................................... 37

Figure 5.6 Bhadrak Workforce Projections-2030 .................................................................................................... 39

Figure 6.1 Major Road Network in Bhadrak Planning Area .................................................................................... 43

Figure 6.5 Road Inventory on Collector Road Stretch ............................................................................................ 49

Figure 6.7 Road Inventory on Purna Bazar Road Stretch........................................................................................ 52

Figure 6.11 Existing Bottlenecks in Bhadrak Town ................................................................................................. 58

Figure 6.14 Total Mode Wise Hourly Vehicular Parking in ECS.............................................................................. 61

Figure 6.17 Desire Line for Passenger Vehicles in Bhadrak ................................................................................... 63

Figure 6.19 Percentage of Purpose of Trips to Destination .................................................................................... 65

Figure 6.20 Percentage of Trips as per Time of Journey Start ............................................................................... 65

Figure 6.21 Percentage of Modal Split used in Trip to Destination ........................................................................ 66

Figure 6.24 Major Trip Generation Locations ......................................................................................................... 67

Figure 6.26 Terminal Locations in Bhadrak............................................................................................................. 69

Final Report of Bhadrak Master Plan