Facilitating Learning for All: Disabilities, Giftedness & Development

FACILITATING LEARNING &
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING DISABILITIES
AND GIFTEDNESS
1
Exclusively for My Review Coach online LET review. Not for redistribution. © 2011 My Review Coach of Philippines.
LEARNING DISABILITIES
– ADHD
– Autism
– Mental Retardation
– Down Syndrome
– Dyslexia
– Aphasia
– Others
Exclusively for My Review Coach online LET review. Not for redistribution. © 2011 My Review Coach of Philippines. 2
ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
• Inattention
• Hyperactivity
• Impulsivity
• Cognitive processing difficulties
• Poor school achievement
• Behavior problems
• Difficulty reasoning in social situations
• Greater reactivity
• Few friendships or rejection by peers
AUTISM
• Caused by a brain abnormality
• Marked impairment in social interaction
• Communication impairments
• Repetitive behaviors
• Narrowly focused interests
• Aggression toward self/ others
• Need for predictable environment
• Under- or over-sensitivity to sensory stimulation
AUTISM
• Lack of basic social skills
• Impaired social cognition
• Echolalia
• Attachments to inanimate objects
• Abnormal movements
• Strong visual-spatial skills
• Generally average or above intelligence
• Savant syndrome
MENTAL RETARDATION
• Developmental delays in most aspects of academic &
social functioning
• Significantly below-average general intelligence
– IQ below 65/70
• Deficits in adaptive behavior
– Limitations in practical intelligence & social
intelligence
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS
WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
• Desire to belong and fit in at school
• Less general knowledge about world
• Poor reading/ language skills
• Lack of learning strategies
• Problems with abstract ideas
• Poor motor skills
• Immature play/ social behaviors
• Dependence on others for decision-making
PHYSICAL AND HEALTH
IMPAIRMENTS
• Students with brain injuries, cerebral palsy, muscular
dystrophy, epilepsy, cystic fibrosis, asthma, heart
problems, arthritis, cancer, AIDS
– Limited energy/ strength
– Reduced alertness
– Little muscle control
CHARACTERISTICS
OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
• Learning ability similar to other students
• Fewer opportunities to experience the outside world
in important ways
• Tendency to tire easily
• Possible low self-esteem, insecurity,
overdependence
VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
• Normal functioning of other senses
• Similar learning ability as others
• Fewer interactive outside experiences
• Reduced ability to learn from imitation
• Occasional confusion, anxiety in new or chaotic
situations
• Less knowledge about written language
HEARING LOSS
• Delayed language development
• Loss oral language
• Some ability to read lips
• Sign language (ASL)
• Less developed reading skills
• Less knowledge about the world due to less
exposure to verbal information
• Social isolation, poorer social skills, some paranoia
SEVERE AND MULTIPLE
DISABILITIES
• Have 2 or more disabilities & require special services
• Often due to birth complications or genetic
abnormalities
• Varying degrees of intellectual function
• Limited awareness or responsiveness
• Limited communication skills
• Limited self-care skills/ social skills
• Delays in motor development
• Sensory impairments
• Extensive medical needs - Rx, IV tubes, etc.
DOWN SYNDROME
• Down Syndrome
(TRISOMY 21)
– mental and physical
delay
DYSLEXIA
• Dyslexia
– MC learning disability
– can hinder a person's ability to read, write and
spell
READ RAED
BEGIN BEIGN
APHASIA
• Learning Disabilities
– Aphasia
• defect or loss of the power of expression by
speech, writing
GIFTED AND TALENTED
• Unusually high ability in one or more areas:
– General intellectual ability
– Aptitude in a specific field
– Creativity
– Visual or performing arts
– Leadership
CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE GIFTED CHILD
• Advanced vocabulary, language, reading skills
• Ability to learn quickly, easily, independently
• Advanced cognitive processing
• Flexibility in approach to tasks
• High standards about performance
• High motivation to achieve on challenging tasks;
boredom with easy tasks
• Positive self-concept
• Above-average social development

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Facilitating Learning for All: Disabilities, Giftedness & Development

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FACILITATING LEARNING &

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

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