Effect of Climate Change to the Number of Harvest of Selected Farmers in

Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso , Cavite

Climate change and variability are concerns of human being. The recurrent
droughts and floods threaten seriously the livelihood of billions of people who depend
on land for most of their needs. The global economy is adversely being influenced very
frequently due to extreme events such as droughts and floods, cold and heat waves,
forest fires, landslips etc. The natural calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis and
volcanic eruptions, though not related to weather disasters, may change chemical
composition of the atmosphere. It will, in turn, lead to weather related disasters.
Increase in aerosols (atmospheric pollutants) due to emission of greenhouse gases
such as Carbon Dioxide due to burning of fossil fuels, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons
(PFCs) etc., Ozone depletion and UV-B filtered radiation, eruption of volcanoes, the
“human hand” in deforestation in the form of forest fires and loss of wet lands are causal
factors for weather extremes. The loss of forest cover, which normally intercepts rainfall
and allows it to be absorbed by the soil, causes precipitation to reach across the land
eroding top soil and causes floods and droughts. Paradoxically, lack of trees also
exacerbates drought in dry years by making the soil dry more quickly. Among the
greenhouse gases, CO2 is the predominant gas leading to global warming as it traps
long wave radiation and emits it back to the earth surface. The global warming is
nothing but heating of surface atmosphere due to emission of greenhouse gases,
thereby increasing global atmospheric temperature over a long period of time. Such
changes in surface air temperature and consequent adverse impact on rainfall over a
long period of time are known as climate change. If these parameters show year-to-year
variations or cyclic trends, it is known as climate variability.
The Philippines, like many of the world’s poor countries, will be among the most
vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because of its limited resources. As shown
by previous studies, occurrences of extreme climatic events like droughts and floods
have serious negative implications for major water reservoirs in the country. A
preliminary and limited assessment of the country’s water resources was undertaken
through the application of general circulation model (GCM) results and climate change
scenarios that incorporate incremental changes in temperature and rainfall and the use
of a hydrological model to simulate the future runoff-rainfall relationship. Results
showed that changes in rainfall and temperature in the future will be critical to future
inflow in the Angat reservoir and Lake Lanao, with rainfall variability having a greater
impact than temperature variability. In the Angat reservoir, runoff is likely to decrease in
the future and be insufficient to meet future demands for water. Lake Lanao is also
expected to have a decrease in runoff in the future. With the expected vulnerability of
the country’s water resources to global warming, possible measures to cope with future
problems facing the country’s water resources are identified.

-Aida M. Jose, Nathaniel A. Cruz (August 27, 2018) (Climate change)

Mos t studies of the influence of weather and climate on food production have
examined the influence on crop yields. However, climate influences all components of
crop production, includes cropping area (area planted or harvested) and cropping
intensity (number of crops grown within a year). Although yield increases have
predominantly contributed to increased crop production over the recent decades,
increased cropping area as well as increases in cropping intensity, especially in the
tropics, have played a substantial role. Therefore, we need to consider these important
aspects of production to get a more complete understanding of the future impacts of
climate change. This article reviews available evidence on how climate might influence
these under-studied components of crop production. We also discuss how farmer
decision making and technology might modulate the production response to climate. We
conclude by discussing important knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future
research and potential ways for moving forward.

-Toshichika Lizumi 2015

Agriculture is highly dependent on climate. In Newfoundland and Labrador, the
projected changes in climate present both opportunity and risk (Wall et al., 2004; Weber
and Hauer, 2003). The opportunity to extend the growing season and grow higher value
crops is balanced against the risk of increased frequency of extreme events which may
damage crops and or infrastructure, impacts on the environment, uncertainty in global
markets, and potential changes in pest spectrum and incidence of disease.

The abilities of the agricultural sector to respond to either climate or non-climate factors
are linked to socio-economic and political conditions. Recognition that agricultural
adaptation involves more than coping with climate thus came relatively early (Kandlikar
and Risbey, 2000).

Climate change will impact both the biodiversity and the genetic variation of forests.
Genetic variation is the basis for forest health, and it will become increasingly important
as climate shifts (Mosseler et al., 2003; Beaulieu and Rainville, 2005).

The abilities of the agricultural sector to respond to either climate or non-climate factors
are linked to socio-economic and political conditions. Recognition that agricultural
adaptation involves more than coping with climate thus came relatively early (Kandlikar
and Risbey, 2000).

Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on the climate. Increases in temperature
and carbon dioxide (CO2) can increase some crop yields in some places. But to realize
these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions
must also be met. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could
pose challenges for farmers and ranchers and threaten food safety. Meanwhile, warmer
water temperatures are likely to cause the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish
species to shift, which could disrupt ecosystems. Overall, climate change could make it
more difficult to grow crops, raise animals, and catch fish in the same ways and same
places as we have done in the past. The effects of climate change also need to be
considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as
changes in farming practices and technology.

-USGCRP (2009)
Synthesis

The aim of the study is to know the effects of climate change to the number of harvest
of selected farmers in Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite. The studies and related literature
included in this section were found relevant to the present study of the researchers.

The related study ___ and present study are similar because they discuss the effects of climate
change to the number of harvest. Both local and related studies had closer similarities in
discussing effects of climate change to the number of harvest. Both related literature and
studies collected by the researchers enhance their knowledge and background of the topic. It is
different in the present study in terms of sampling that the researchers used to get their
respondents. The present studies are different because they use random sampling rather than
stratified sampling.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

IPO model was used in this study. The input-process-output model.

Study habits or study strategies are approaches applied in learning. They are generally critical to
success in school, considered essential for acquiring good grades. By gathering data using
survey questionnaire from the selected farmers in Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite, the
researchers will finalize the output of what are the that factors affecting academic
performance. The two variables in this study will show the relationship on how study habits and
academic performance can affect each other.

Statement of the Problem

This study is conducted to find out the effects of climate change to the number of harvest of
selected farmers in Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite. Specifically, this study aims to answer
the following questions:

1.) What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1 Name

1.2 Age

1.3 Gender

2.) What is the effects of climate change to the number of harvest of the farmers?

Scope and Delimitation

 The study will be conducted in Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite to determine the
effects of climate change to the number of harvest of selected farmers who have doesn’t have
match responsibility in their school and home.

This study will identify and assess different effects of climate change to the number of harvest
of the farmers. Also, this study wants to identify on how can the researchers develop and
assists the respondents to be self-aware and to have knowledge in identifying and dealing with
problems on the climate change.

The Research Instrument

A questionnaire is used as the main data-gathering instrument for this study. It contains two
main sections: the profile and the question proper. The profile contains socio- demographic
characteristics of respondents such as name, age and gender. The questions were structured
questionnaires that required the respondent to provide response to an open ended question
from which the respondent selects the answer closer to their opinion. In addition, this research
instrument allowed the research to carry out the quantitative approach effectively with the use
of statistics for data interpretation.

Data Gathering Procedure

Phase I. Preparation Stage. The researchers looked for the target respondents and explained to
them the purpose of the study.

Phase II. Data Gathering Stage. When the participants agreed and signed the permission slip,
the researchers then gave out the survey questionnaires and waited for them to be answered.

Phase III. Data Analysis Stage. Once the survey was done, the papers is checked, tallied, and
analyzed.

All of the information gather will be kept between the subjects and the researchers only.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers used the frequency and mean percentage. Frequency distribution is a table
that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the table contains
the frequency or the count of the occurrences of values within a particular group or interval,
and in this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample. The researchers
use the formula to get the total number of respondents who experience the effects of climate
change to the number of harvest of the farmers.

Formula :

P= k x 100

P- represents the position or limit within the distribution that will mark the categories.

k- the percentile the researchers need to calculate.

n- the total number of items on the test questionnaire

Significance of the Study

This study about the factors of study habits affecting the academic performance of senior
high school a.m students in Olivarez College Tagaytay will benefit to the following:

To the Students:

The researchers believes that the students who have a farm or their parents are farmer
will be benefited from the findings of this study. Since the study provides basis of awareness
and better understanding of how they can transcend the effects of climate change to their
harvest.

To the Farmers:

This study provides awareness to the farmers to know how will they protect their harvest
against to climate change.

To the Future Researcher:

This study may serve as guidelines to the future researcher who may want to conduct the same
study on the same topic
Climate change - Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns
when that change lasts for an extended period of time.

Harvest - the season when crops are gathered from the fields or the activity of gathering crops.

Farmers-a person who runs a farm.

Population and Sampling

The target population of the study is the Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite. The researchers
use simple random sampling for their respondents. For the purpose of practicality, the
researchers utilized total enumeration of the farmers in the Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study is the selected farmers of the Barangay Lucsuhin, Alfonso, Cavite