06 Double Integrals Over Rectangles PDF

Double Integrals over Rectangles
Lucky Galvez
Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines
Diliman
Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Recall
If f (x) is defined for a ≤ x ≤ b, we subdivide the interval [a, b]
into subintervals of length ∆x. Choose x∗i on each subinterval.
The definite integral of f from a to b is

ˆ b Xn
f (x) dx = lim f (x∗i )∆x
a n→∞
i=1

The Volume Problem
Let f (x, y) ≥ 0 and continuous on the rectangular region

R = [a, b] × [c, d] = {(x, y)|a ≤ x ≤ b.c ≤ y ≤ d}. We want to
find the volume of of the solid under the surface z = f (x, y)
over R.

The Volume Problem
Partition R by dividing the interval [a, b] into m subintervals

[xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x and [c, d] into n subintervals
[yj−1 , yj ] of equal width ∆y.

The Volume Problem
Partition R by dividing the interval [a, b] into m subintervals

[xi−1 , xi ] of equal width ∆x and [c, d] into n subintervals
[yj−1 , yj ] of equal width ∆y.
Let Rij = [xi−1 , xi ] × [yj−1 , yj ] and let ∆Aij be the area of Rij ,
i.e., ∆A = ∆x∆y.

The Volume Problem
Take an arbitrary point (x∗i , yj∗ ) ∈ Rij and construct rectangular
prisms with bases Rij and height f (x∗i , yj∗ ) and denote the
volume of the prism by ∆Vij = f (x∗i , yj∗ )∆A

The Volume Problem
m X
X n
The volume of the solid is approximately f (x∗i , yj∗ )∆A
i=1 j=1

The Volume Problem
m X
X n
The volume of the solid is approximately f (x∗i , yj∗ )∆A
i=1 j=1
As we increase the number of partitions,
m X
X n
V = lim f (x∗i , yj∗ )∆A
m,n→∞
i=1 j=1
Definition
If f (x, y) is continuous on a rectangular region R, then the
double integral of f over R is
¨ m X
X n
f (x, y) dA = lim f (x∗i , yi∗ )∆A
m,n→∞
R i=1 j=1
provided this limit exists.

Definition
If f (x, y) is continuous on a rectangular region R, then the
double integral of f over R is
¨ m X
X n
f (x, y) dA = lim f (x∗i , yi∗ )∆A
m,n→∞
R i=1 j=1
provided this limit exists.
If f (x, y) ≥ 0 on R, then the double integral can be interpreted

as the volume under the surface given by z = f (x, y) over the
rectangular region R.

Iterated Integrals
Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

R = [a, b] × [c, d].

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c
we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

to y where x is held fixed,

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

to y where x is held fixed, called the partial integral with respect
to y.

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

to y. Note that the result is a function of x, so let
ˆ d
I(x) = f (x, y) dy.
c

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

ˆ d
I(x) = f (x, y) dy. Hence,
c
ˆ b
I(x) dx
a

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

ˆ d
c
ˆ b ˆ b ˆ d
I(x) dx = f (x, y) dy dx
a a c

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

ˆ d
c
ˆ b ˆ b ˆ d ˆ bˆ d
I(x) dx = f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dy dx
a a c a c

Iterated Integrals

R = [a, b] × [c, d]. By
ˆ d
f (x, y) dy
c

ˆ d
c
ˆ b ˆ b ˆ d ˆ bˆ d
I(x) dx = f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dy dx
a a c a c
called an iterated (double) integral.

Iterated Integrals
Example
Evaluate the iterated integrals:
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
a. 6xy 2 dy dx b. 6xy 2 dx dy
1 0 0 1

Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0

Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0

Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0
ˆ 2
= 2x dx
1

Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0
ˆ 2 2
2x dx = x2

=
1 1

Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0
ˆ 2 2
2x dx = x2

=
1 1
= 4−1
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution.
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. 6xy 2 dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
2
= 6xy dy dx
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0
ˆ 2 2
2x dx = x2

=
1 1
= 4−1=3
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution. ˆ ˆ
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
1 2
a. 2
6xy dy dx b. 6xy 2 dx dy
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2
2
= 2
6xy dy dx = 6xy dx dy
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 y=1
2xy 3

= dx
1 y=0
ˆ 2 2
2x dx = x2

=
1 1
= 4−1=3
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution. ˆ ˆ
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
1 2
a. 2
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2
2
= 2
0 1
ˆ
1 0
y=1 ˆ 1 x=2
2
3x2 y 2

= 2xy 3

dx = dy
0 x=1
1 y=0
ˆ 2 2
2x dx = x2

=
1 1
= 4−1=3
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution. ˆ ˆ
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
1 2
a. 2
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2
2
= 2
0 1
ˆ
1 0
y=1 ˆ 1 x=2
2
3x2 y 2

= 2xy 3

dx = dy
0 x=1
1 y=0 ˆ
ˆ 2 2 1
= 9y 2 dy
2x dx = x2

= 0
1 1
= 4−1=3
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution. ˆ ˆ
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
1 2
a. 2
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2
2
= 2
0 1
ˆ
1 0
y=1 ˆ 1 x=2
2
3x2 y 2

= 2xy 3

dx = dy
0 x=1
1 y=0 ˆ
ˆ 2 1 1
2 2 3

= 9y dy = 3y
2x dx = x2

= 0 0
1 1
= 4−1=3
Iterated Integrals
Example
ˆ 2ˆ 1 ˆ 1ˆ 2
1 0 0 1
Solution. ˆ ˆ
ˆ 2 ˆ 1
1 2
a. 2
0 1
1 0
ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2
2
= 2
0 1
ˆ
1 0
y=1 ˆ 1 x=2
2
3x2 y 2

= 2xy 3

dx = dy
0 x=1
1 y=0 ˆ
ˆ 2 1 1
2 2 3

= 9y dy = 3y
2x dx = x2

= 0 0
1 1
= 3
= 4−1=3
Theorem (Fubini’s Theorem)

If f is continuous on the rectangular region R = [a, b] × [c, d],
then
¨ ˆ bˆ d ˆ dˆ b
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dx dy
a c c a
R

Example
¨
Evaluate y sin(xy) dA, where R = [0, 2] × [0, π].
R

Example
¨
R
Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

¨ ˆ π ˆ 2
y sin(xy) dA = y sin(xy) dx dy
0 0
R

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ π ˆ 2
0 0
R
ˆ π x=2

= − cos(xy) dy
0 x=0

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ π ˆ 2
0 0
R
ˆ π x=2

= − cos(xy) dy
0
ˆ π
x=0
= (− cos 2y + 1) dy
0

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ π ˆ 2
0 0
R
ˆ π x=2

= − cos(xy) dy
0
ˆ π
x=0
= (− cos 2y + 1) dy
0
π
sin 2y
= − + y
2 0

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ π ˆ 2
0 0
R
ˆ π x=2

= − cos(xy) dy
0
ˆ π
x=0
= (− cos 2y + 1) dy
0
π
sin 2y
= − + y
2 0
= π

Example
Find the volume of the solid S bounded by the surface
4x3 + 3y 2 + z = 20, the planes x = 1, y = 2 and the coordinate
planes.

Example
planes.
Solution. S is the solid under the surface z = 20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 above

the region R = [0, 1] × [0, 2].

Example
planes.

the region R = [0, 1] × [0, 2]. The volume of S is
¨
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA
R

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R
ˆ 2 x=1

= 20x − x4 − 3y 2 x dy
0 x=0

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R
ˆ 2 x=1

= 20x − x4 − 3y 2 x dy
0 x=0
ˆ 2
2

= 19 − 3y dy
0

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R
ˆ 2 x=1

= 20x − x4 − 3y 2 x dy
0 x=0
ˆ 2
2

= 19 − 3y dy
0
2
3

= 19y − y
0

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R
ˆ 2 x=1

= 20x − x4 − 3y 2 x dy
0 x=0
ˆ 2
2

= 19 − 3y dy
0
2
3

= 19y − y = 38 − 8
0

Example
planes.

¨ ˆ 2ˆ 1
(20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dA = (20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 ) dx dy
0 0
R
ˆ 2 x=1

= 20x − x4 − 3y 2 x dy
0 x=0
ˆ 2
2

= 19 − 3y dy
0
2
3

= 19y − y = 38 − 8 = 30
0

Suppose f (x, y) can be written as a product of a function of x
and a function of y, i.e., f (x, y) = g(x)h(y).

and a function of y, i.e., f (x, y) = g(x)h(y). If f is continous on
R = [a, b] × [c, d], then by Fubini’s Theorem,
¨ ˆ bˆ d
f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dy dx
a c
R

¨ ˆ bˆ d
a c
R
ˆ bˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c

¨ ˆ bˆ d
a c
R
ˆ bˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c

¨ ˆ bˆ d
a c
R
ˆ bˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x) h(y) dy dx
a c

¨ ˆ bˆ d
a c
R
ˆ bˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x)h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x) h(y) dy dx
a c
ˆ b ˆ d
= g(x) dx h(y) dy
a c

Example
¨
Evaluate x2 sin y dA where R = [−1, 2] × [0, π2 ].
R

Example
¨
R
Solution. Since x2 sin y is a product of g(x) = x2 and

h(y) = sin y,

Example
¨
R

h(y) = sin y, by the prevoius theorem,
¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
x2 sin y = x2 sin y dy dx
−1 0
R

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0
2 !
x3
=
3 −1

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0
2 ! π2 !
x3
= − cos y
3 −1 0

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0
2 ! π2 !
x3
= − cos y
3 −1 0

8 1
= +
3 3

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0
2 ! π2 !
x3
= − cos y
3 −1

0

8 1
= + (0 + 1)
3 3

Example
¨
R

¨ ˆ 2 ˆ π
2
−1 0
R
ˆ 2 ˆ π2
= x2 dx sin y dy
−1 0
2 ! π2 !
x3
= − cos y
3 −1

0

8 1
= + (0 + 1) = 3
3 3

Exercises
1 Calculate the iterated integral.

ˆ 2 ˆ 1
a. (2x + y)8 dx dy
0 0

Exercises

ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ 2
8 x y
a. (2x + y) dx dy b. + dy dx
0 0 1 1 y x

Exercises

ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ 2
8 x y
0 0 1 1 y x
2 Calculate
¨
the double integral.
a. yexy dA, R = [0, 2] × [0, 1]
R

Exercises

ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ 2
8 x y
0 0 1 1 y x
2 Calculate
¨
a. yexy dA, R = [0, 2] × [0, 1]
¨
R
x
b. dA, R = {(x, y)|1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1}
x2 + y 2
R

Exercises

ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ 2
8 x y
0 0 1 1 y x
2 Calculate
¨
a. yexy dA, R = [0, 2] × [0, 1]
¨
R
x
b. dA, R = {(x, y)|1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1}
x2 + y 2
R
3 Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by
the cylinder z = 16 − x2 and the plane y = 5.

Exercises

ˆ 2 ˆ 1 ˆ 4 ˆ 2
8 x y
0 0 1 1 y x
2 Calculate
¨
a. yexy dA, R = [0, 2] × [0, 1]
¨
R
x
b. dA, R = {(x, y)|1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1}
x2 + y 2
R
3 Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by
the cylinder z = 16 − x2 and the plane y = 5.
4 Sketch the solid bounded by the paraboloid
x2 + y 2 + z = 4, the planes 2x + 2y + z = 6, x = 1, y = 1
and the coordinate planes then find its volume.

References
1 Stewart, J., Calculus, Early Transcendentals, 6 ed., Thomson

Brooks/Cole, 2008
2 Leithold, L., The Calculus 7, Harper Collins College Div., 1995
3 Dawkins, P., Calculus 3, online notes available at
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/

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Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

The definite integral of f from a to b is

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Let f (x, y) ≥ 0 and continuous on the rectangular region

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Partition R by dividing the interval [a, b] into m subintervals

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Partition R by dividing the interval [a, b] into m subintervals

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

provided this limit exists.

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

provided this limit exists.

If f (x, y) ≥ 0 on R, then the double integral can be interpreted

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Suppose f (x, y) is integrable on the rectangular region

we mean the definite integral from c to d of f (x, y) with respect

called an iterated (double) integral.

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Theorem (Fubini’s Theorem)

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. We choose to integrate first with respect to x:

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. S is the solid under the surface z = 20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 above

Math 55 Double Integrals over Rectangles

Solution. S is the solid under the surface z = 20 − 4x3 − 3y 2 above