CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Seminar entitled “CRDI SYSTEM” has been carried out by
MR. HEMAL S PATEL. To under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of bachelor
of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of, KALOL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AND RESERCH CENTRE, during the academic year 2010-2011 to the best of my knowledge
and belief this work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Batch Incharge

Sir.

Mechanical Engineering Department.

Signature:

Seal of
Institute

KALOL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESERCH CENTRE

 2010-2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE

CERTIFICATE i

ii
ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

1.INTRODUCTION 1

2.PRINCIPLE OF CRDI IN GASOLINE ENGINE 2

2.1 The fall of carburettor

3.DIRECT INJECTION SYSTEMS 4

4. COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION: FEATURES: 6

4.1 The Injector: 9

4.2 Spiral-Shaped Intake Port For Optimum Swirl: 10

4.3 Integrated Port For Exhaust Gas Recycling: 10

4.4 Precise Timing Courtesy Air Flow Metering: 10

4.5 Swirl-Control Valves In The Intake Manifolds 11

:
4.6 Multiple Pilot Injection And Post Injection: 11

4.7 Powerful Microcomputer: 12

 4.8 Newly-Developed Catalytic Converters With Zeolith 12
Coating

4.9 High Rigidity Cylinder Block And Dual Mass Flywheel 12

4.10 Unique Intake And Exhaust Ports: 13

4.11 Reduced Noise Levels: 13

5 CRDi – FUTURE TRENDS : 14

5.1 Ulra-High Pressure Common –Rail Injection: 14

5.2 CRDi And Particle Filter: 14

5.3 CRDi And Closed-Loop Control Injection: 16

CONCLUTION 18

REFERENCES 19
 ABSTRACT

Compared with petrol, diesel is the lower quality product of petroleum family. Diesel particles
are larger and heavier than petrol, thus more difficult to pulverize. Imperfect pulverization leads
to more unburn-particles, hence more pollutant, lower fuel efficiency and less power.

Common-rail technology is intended to improve the pulverization process. Conventional direct

injection diesel engines must repeatedly generate fuel pressure for each injection. But in the
CRDI engines the pressure is built up independently of the injection sequence and remains
permanently available in the fuel line. CRDI SYSTEM that uses an ion sensor to provide real-
time combustion data for each cylinder. The common rail upstream of the cylinders acts as an
accumulator, distributing the fuel to the injectors at a constant pressure of up to 1600 bar. Here
high-speed solenoid valves, regulated by the electronic engine management, separately control
the injection timing and the amount of fuel injected for each cylinder as a function of the
cylinder's actual need.

In other words, pressure generation and fuel injection are independent of each other. This is an
important advantage of common-rail injection over conventional fuel injection systems as CRDI
increases the controllability of the individual injection processes and further refines fuel
atomization, saving fuel and reducing emissions. Fuel economy of 25 to 35 % is obtained over a
standard diesel engine and a substantial noise reduction is achieved due to a more synchronized
timing operation. The principle of CRDI SYSTEM also used in petrol engines as dealt with the
GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) , which removes to a great extent the draw backs of the
conventional carburetors and the MPFI systems.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take this opportunity to extend our deep appreciation to all the staff and

non-staff members of the Mechanical department, for all that they meant to me

during the crucial times of the completion of my seminar report.

I am very much thankful to our respected CHETAN VORA sir (HOD of

Mechanical dept.) for their lot of necessary help and encouragement to me.

I am heartily thankful to my guide, Prof. SHEKHAR SALADI sir and my

batch incharge Prof. DIPESH TRIVEDI whose encouragement, guidance and

support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding

for this seminar topic “CRDI SYSTEM” and spent their valuable and precious

time.

Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to family, friends and of those who

supported me in any respect during the completion of the seminar report.