The Eight Main Parts of Speech

NOUN: Pangngalan

🍄 common noun: General - Boy

🍄 proper noun: Particular - Adam

🍄 concrete noun: Physcally - Apple

🍄 collective noun: Groups - Friends

🍄 Abstract Noun: Ideas - Inlove

🍄 Count noun: Countable - Flowers

🍄 Mass Noun: Not counted - Hair

PRONOUN: Panghalip

🍄 Personal: He, she, i , you, it

🍄 Possessive: His, mine, hers

🍄 Reflective: Myself

🍄 Reciprocal: Each other, one other

🍄 Relative: Which, Who, That, Whom

🍄 Demonstrative: That, this, none, neither, these

ADJECTIVE: Pang-Uri

🍄 Descriptive: Handsome

🍄 Quantitive: Few, one, many

🍄 Demonstrative: This, That, Those, These

🍄 Possessive: My, his, her

🍄 Interrogative: What, Which Whose

🍄 Distributive: Each, Every, Any

VERB: Pandiwa
🍄 Main verbs: The sun shines (shines)

🍄 Helping verbs: We are learning about helping verbs (Are learning)

🍄 Linking Verbs: The flowers are bright (Are)

ADVERB: Pang-abay

🍄 Adverb of manner: Happily,Sadly

🍄 Adverb of place: Here, Near, Outside

🍄 Adverb of Time: Soon, Today, Late

🍄 Adverb of Frequency: Daily, Weekly, usually

PREPOSITION: Pang-ukol

🍄 Time: At, in, on

🍄 Place: At, in, on

🍄 Direction: Into, to, Towards

🍄 Agent: By, with

🍄 Instrument: On, by, with the help

CONJUNCTION

�Coordinating: Adam and Jonel played ML (and)

�Subordinating: I can dance after i kiss my girlfriend (After)

�Correlative: Both Adam and Jonel is kpop dancer

INTERJECTION

🍄 greetings: Hello, Hey

🍄 Joy: Wow, Hurrah

🍄 Approval: Bravo, well done

🍄 Attention: Look, Listen

🍄 Surprice: Ah!, Ha!

🍄 Sorrow: Alas! ouch!

WASTONG GAMIT NG SALITA

1) NANG at NG Nang a. Ginagamit ang nang bilang pangatnig sa mga hugnayang pangungusap; katumbas
ng "when" sa Ingles. Halimbawa: Tulog na ang mga anak nang dumating ang kanilang ina.

b. Ginagamit ang nang sa gitna ng dalawang salitang-ugat na inuulit. Halimbawa: tapon nang tapon

c. Ang nang ay nagmula sa na at inaangkupan ng ng at inilalagay sa pagitan ng pandiwa at ng pang-abay.

Halimbawa: Nag-aaral nang mabuti si Juan.

Ng a. Ginagamit ang ng bilang pananda sa tuwirang layon ng pandiwang palipat. Halimbawa: Nagtanim
ng palay si Maria na isang magsasaka.

b. Ginagamit ang ng bilang pananda ng aktor o tagaganap ng pandiwa. Halimbawa: Tinulungan ng dalaga
ang kanyang lola sa pagtawid.

c. Ginagamit ang panandang ng kapag nagsasaad ng pagmamay-ari ng isang bagay o katangian.

Halimbawa: Ang boses ng bayan ang siyang dapat na mananaig.

2) MAY at MAYROON May a. Ginagamit ang may kapag sinusundan ng pangngalan. Halimbawa: May
kasalanang ginawa sina Juan at Pedro kagabi.

b. Ginagamit ang may kapag sinusundan ng pandiwa. Halimbawa: May tumawa dahil sa nasabing balita.

c. Ginagamit ang may kapag sinusundan ng pang-uri. Halimbawa: May magandang karanasan si Jose
tungkol sa pag-ibig.

d. Ginagamit ang may kapag sinsundan ng panghalip na panao sa kaukulang paari. Halimbawa: Ang mga
anak ni Mang Tomas ay may kani-kanilang pamilya na.

Mayroon a. Ginagamit ang mayroon kapag may napapasingit na kataga (kagaya ng po, pa, din, at rin sa
salitang sinusundan nito). Halimbawa: Mayroon po kaming ipagtatapat sa inyo.

b. Ginagamit ang mayroon bilang panagot sa isang tanong. Halimbawa: May pera ka pa ba? -Mayroon.

c. Ginagamit ang mayroon kung nangangahulugan bg pagka-maykaya o mayaman. Halimbawa: Ang mga
Bautista ay mayroon sa probinsya ng Cebu.

3) KUNG at KONG Kung a. Ginagamit ang kung bilang isang pangatnig sa mga hugnayang pangungusap;
katumbas ng "if" sa Ingles. Halimbawa: Kung may problema ka, puntahan mo lang ako.

Kong a. Ang kong ay buhat sa panghalip na ko at

nilalagyan lamang ng pang-angkop na ng sa pakikiugnay sa salitang sumusunod. Halimbawa: Ang tangi
kong hangad ngayong taon ay ang makapasa sa LET.

4) DIN/DAW at RIN/RAW Din/Daw a. Ginagamit ang din/daw kung ang salitang sinusundan ay nagtatapos
sa katinig maliban sa w at y. Halimbawa: Magpapatingin daw siya sa doktor ngayon.

Rin/Raw a. Ginagamit ang rin/raw kung ang salitang sinusundan ay nagtatapos sa patinig at sa
malapatinig na w at y. Halimbawa: May handa raw tayo sa darating na kaarawan ni tatay.

5) SINA at SILA Sina a. Ang sina ay panandang pangkayarian sa pangngalan. Halimbawa: Sina Pablo at
Simon ay pupunta sa Davao.

Sila a. Ang sila ay ginagamit bilang isang panghalip panao; katumbas ng "they" sa Ingles. Halimbawa: Sila
ay pupunta sa Davao.

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Here are some of the important people in the Philippine History:

The Philippine National Hero: Dr. Jose Rizal

The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio

The Father of the Katipunan: Andres Bonifacio

Hero of the Tirad Pass Battle: Gregorio Del Pilar

President of the First Philippine Republic: General Emilio Aguinaldo

Brains of the Philippine Revolution: Apolinario Mabini

Martyred Priests in 1872: GOMBURZA

Brain of the Katipunan: Emilio Jacinto

Co-founder of La Independencia: General Antonio Luna

Mother of Balintawak: Melchora Aquino Tandang Sora: Melchora Aquino

Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda Movement: Graciano Lopez- Jaena

First Filipino Cannon-maker: Pandar Pira

Managing Editor of La Solidaridad: Mariano Ponce

Lakambini of Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesus

Poet of the Revolution: Fernando Ma. Guerrero

Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic: Felipe Agoncillo

First University of the Philippines President: Rafael Palma

Greatest Filipino Painter: Juan Luna

Greatest Journalist of the Propaganda Movement: Marcelo H. del Pilar

First Filipino Poetess: Leona Florentino

Peace of the Revolution: Pedro Paterno

Founder of Philippine Socialism: Isabelo Delos Reyes

Viborra: Artemio Ricarte

Author of the Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem: Jose Palma

Chief of Tondo: Lakandola

The Last Rajah of Manila: Rajah Soliman

Fiancée of Jose Rizal: Leonor Rivera

Maker of the First Filipino Flag: Marcela Agoncillo

Co-founder of Katipunan: Galicano Apacible

Leader of the Ilocano Revolt: Diego Silang

First Filipino Hero: Lapu-lapu

Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol: Francisco Dagohoy

The Man of Many Talents: Epifanio Delos Santos

Prince of Tagalog Poets: Francisco Baltazar

Visayan Joan of Arc: Teresa Magbanua

Mother of Biak-na-Bato: Trinidad Tecson

Wife of Artemio Ricarte: Agueda Esteban

Leader of the Tarlac Revolt: Gen. Francisco Makabulos

Composer of the Philippine National Anthem: Julian Felipe

Spaniards born in the Philippines: Insulares

Leader of Magdalo: Baldomero Aguinaldo

Leader of Magdiwang: Mariano Alvarez

Founder of La Liga Filipina: Jose Rizal

Painter of the Spolarium: Juan Luna

REPUBLIC ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES

R.A 53 - Press Freedom Law is known as Sotto law

R.A 265 - Establishing The Banko central of the Phil

R.A 1124 - Act prohibiting all beerhouse near school facilities

R.A 1524 - Act providing for enforcement of condition of pardon

R.A 3019 - Anti Graft and corrupt practice

R.A -3815 Penalizing Government official for receiving Bribes and malversation of public funds R.A- 4136
Land transportation and traffic code

R.A- 4200 Anti wire taping law

R.A 5487 Private Security Agency law

R.A 5921 The pharmacy Law

R.A 6235 Anti Hijacking Law/Anti highway robbery law

R.A 6425 Dangerous drug act of 1972

R.A 6539 Anti carnapping Act of 1972

R.A 6713 Code of conduct and ethical standards for a public official and employee R.A 6975 The Dilg act
of 1990
R.A 6981 Witness protection. Security and Benefit act

R.A 7080 Anti plunder Act

R.A 7160 Local government code

R.A 7394 Consumer Act or Right of Consumer

R.A 7438 An act defining Certain right of the person arrested detained or otherwise under custodial R.A
7610 Special protection of children against child abuse exploitation and discrimination act R.A 7658 An
act prohibiting the employment of children below 15 years of age in public or private Undertakings R.A
7659 Death penalty law

R.A 7877 Anti sexual Harassment act of 1995

R.A 8042 Migrant workers and overseas Filipino act of 1995

R.A 8043 Inter country adoption act of 1995

R.A 8049 Anti Hazing law

R.A 8177 Act designing death penalty by lethal injection

R.A 8203 Special law on counterfeit drugs

R.A 8239 Philippine passport act of 1995

R.A 8293 Intellectual property code of the Philippines

R.A 8353 Anti Rape law 1997

R.A 8493 Speedy trial on a criminal case

R.A 8505 Rape victim assistance and protection act

R.A 8551 PNP reform and reorganization act of 1996 (PNP modernization act) R.A 8552 Domestic
adoption act of 1996

R.A 8749 Clean air act

R.A 8961 PRC modernization act of 2000

R.A 9003 The ecological solid waste management act of 2000

R.A 9105 An forgery act of 2001

R.A 9147 Wildlife resources conservation act

R.A 9165 Comprehensive Drug act of 2002

R.A 9160 Anti Money laundering act of 2001

R.A 9208 Anti trafficking in person act

R.A 9231 Child Laboring act (Amending the provision of R.A 7610 on child labor) R.A 9262 Anti Violence
Against Women and their children act of 2004 R.A 9221 Tobacco Regulation Act

R.A 9263 Bureau of fire and Bureau of jail management and penology professionalization act of 2004 R.A
9372 Human Security act of 2007 took effect July 15, 2007

R.A 9275 Clean water act

R.A 9344 Juvenile justice welfare act ( May 4, 2006 )

R.A 9346 June 24, 2006, An act prohibiting the imposition of the death penalty in the Phil R.A 9360
Amending the election modernization act

R.A 9406 known as the PAO law 2007

R.A 9514 Comprehensive Firecode of the Phil

R.A 9745 Anti torture law of 2009

R.A 9775 Anti child pornography act of 2009

R.A 9953 Phil coastguard law of 2009

R.A 9995 known as the ANTI PHOTO AND VIDEO VOYEURISM ACT OF 2007 FEB 2010 R.A 10071
Prosecution service act 2010

R.A 10070 Magnacarta for disable person

R.A 10121 Phil disaster risk reduction management act of 2010

R.A 10175 Cyber crime prevention act of 2012

R.A 10591 The comprehensive firearms and ammunition regulation act (Approve May 29, 2013)

RECENT LAWS (RA) under the DUTERTE ADMIN.

R.A. 10928 or the Philippine Passport 10-Year Validity

An act extending the validity of Philippine passports from 5 years to 10 years signed August 2, 2017. It is
an amendment to Section 10 of R.A. 8239 or the Philippine Passport Act of 1996.
R.A. 10932 or the Anti-Hospital Deposit Law

An amendment to Batasan Pambansa 702, the law prohibits demand of deposits or advance payments
for the confinement or treatment of patients in hospitals and medical cases. Signed on August 3, 2017,
the law allows the attending physician to transfer the patient to a facility providing appropriate care in
case of “inadequacy” of medical capabilities of the hospital or medical clinic. It also mandates local
government units where the hospital or medical clinic is located to allow the free use of its emergency
vehicle if there is no ambulance available for use for the emergency transfer of the patient.

It provides stiffer penalties to any hospitals and medical clinics that will refuse to administer appropriate
initial medical treatment and support in emergency serious cases. Violators will face imprisonment of six
months to not more than two years and will also face a fine of not less than P100,000 but not more than
P300,00

R.A. 10929 or the Free Internet Access In Public Places Act Of 2017

An act that provides free internet access in public areas nationwide across the country. Signed August 2,
2017, the measure provides the public free access to internet in “national and local government offices;
public basic education institutions; state universities and colleges, and technology institutions; public
hospitals, health centers, and rural health units; public parks, plazas, libraries and barangay reading
centers; public airports and seaports; and public transport terminals.”

The law also provides that no fees shall be collected from users to connect to the public Internet access
points.

R.A. 10930 or Extending the validity period of drivers’ licenses from 3 years to 5 years An act rationalizing
and strengthening the policy regarding driver’s licenses. It amends Section 23 of RA 4136 or the Land
Transportation and Traffic Code. Signed on August 2, 2017, the amended law mandates the Land
Transportation Office (LTO) to extend the validity period of drivers’ licenses to five years, except for
student permits. It charges P20,000 fine to the applicant for a driver’s license who has willfully
misrepresented his application; connived with the officer in the irregular conduct of examinations or
issuance of license; falsified documents; and cheated during examinations.

R.A. 10931 of the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act of 2017

The law covers the tuition and fees of students enrolled in 112 state universities and colleges (SUCs), 78
local universities and colleges (LUCs), and all technical-vocation education and training (TVET) programs
registered under the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) beginning the school
year 2018 to 2019.
Signed on August 3, 2017, the measure also specifically provides free miscellaneous and other school
fees; affirmative action programs for minorities such as the Lumads, the Muslims, the indigenous
peoples (IP), persons with disabilities (PWD), and students from public high schools and depressed areas.
It also allows students who have the financial capacity to volunteer to opt out of the free higher
education provision or avail of the free tuition but also contribute a specific amount to the higher
education institution (HEI). It provides tertiary education subsidy and student loan programs for tertiary
students. The law also specifies no increase in tuition fees in the next 5 years.

R.A. 10951 or the Anti-Fake News Act of 2017

An act amending amounts and fines imposed in the Revised Penal Code. The measure charges those
guilty of spreading or publishing fake news of penalties of “arresto mayor” or imprisonment of one
month and a day to six months, and a fine ranging from ₱40,000 to ₱200,000. The penalties also apply to
those who deliver speeches that encourage disobedience to the law, those who publish an official
document without proper authority, and those who will publish pamphlets anonymously. Signed on
August 29, 2017, the amended law also provides sky-high fines for sedition from the previous P10,000 of
the Revised Penal Code to up to P2M pesos. The leader will also be imprisoned from six years to eight
years. Meanwhile, those who will conspire will be punished by imprisonment of two years to four years
and fined not exceeding ₱1 million, from the previous ₱5,000. Those who will incite others to sedition
will be fined up to ₱400,

FIGURE OF SPEECH

1) SYNECDOCHE - an association of some important part with the whole it represents. Example: The face
who launched a thousand ships.

2) SIMILE - an indirect association. Example: She is like a flower.

3) PERSONIFICATION - giving human attributes to an inanimate object (animal, idea, etc.)

Example: The sun is looking down on me.

4) OXYMORON - a self-contrasting statement. Example: Loud silence

5) METONYMY - an association wherein the name of something is substituted by something that
represents it.

Example: Toothpaste is sometimes called Colgate.

6) METAPHOR - a direct comparison.

Example: You are the sunshine of my life.

7) IRONY - the contrast between what was expected and what actually happened.

Example: No smoking sign during a cigarette break.

8. HYPERBOLE - an exaggeration.

Example: Cry me a river.

9) EUPHEMISM - creating a positive connotation out of something negative.

Example: Comfort women (prostitute)

10) ELLIPSIS - omission of words in a sentence.

Example: She walked away and so the world turns....

11) ASYNDETON - not putting any connectors (conjunctions or prepositions).

Example: No retreat, no surrender

12) APOSTROPHE - a direct address to an abstract things or a person who passed away.

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General Information!

1. Black sheep --- idiom

2. Love sonnets -- Ophelia Dimalanta

3.Tatlong tuldok na sunod sunod -- Ellipses

4. Phantom of Delight -- Metaphor

5. Tinkle, tinkle, tinke -- Onomatopoeia

6. Naghihiwalay sa mga salita -- Kuwit

7.Pangatnig na nagbubukod -- Pamukod

8. Largest desert -- Sahara

9. First religious missionary in the Philippines -- Augustinians

10 Founder of La Solidaridad/Greatest Orator -- Graciano Lopez-Jaena

11. Ang paksa ay ibinibigay bago magsimula ang talumpati -- Impromptu

12. Term of Marcelo H. del Pilar to friars -- Frailocracia

13.Arena theater proponent -- Severino Montano

14. Released by plants at night -- Carbon dioxide

15. Sala theater proponent -- Naty Crame Rogers

16. Shape of a brick - Rectangle

17. Protein shell of a virus -- Capsid

18. Hair-like structure -- Cilia

19. Author of Annabel Lee -- Edgar Allan Poe

20. Novels in letters -- Epistolary

21. Birthplace of Rizal -- Calamba, Laguna

22. Real name of Mark Twain -- Samuel (Langhorne) Clemens

23. Writ of Amparo -- Right to life, liberty, and security

24. Writ of Habeas Corpus -- Demand presence of the accused

25. Penicillin discoverer -- Alexander Fleming

26. Author of Doctrina Christiana -- Fray Juan de Plasencia

27. Light travels fastest -- Air

28. Protons of Silicon -- 14

29. Funji -- Yeast

30. Law of Bicameralism -- Jones Law

31. Pagbabagong anyo ng bayan -- Reduccion

32. Permutation 9P9 -- 362,880

33. Absolute mean -- 14.35/14.5

34. Agreement between Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna) -- Blood Compact (Sandugo

35. Hierarchy of Needs proponent -- Maslow

36. Oldest religion in Asia – Hinduism

37. Enrolled bills becomes a law - 90 days

38. "Lapse" - 30 days

39. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines

40. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)

41. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables

42. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme

43. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of speech for individual character.

44.ELEGY – death of individual

45. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure

46. EULOGY – message for the dead

47. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme

48. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
49. NARRATIVE – tells story

50. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric

51. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way

52. AIMS OF ERAS PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity

53. SPANISH – Christianity/Religion

54. AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life

55. COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency

56 .JAPANESE – progress

57. Haiku - 575

58. tanaga - 7777

59. Tangka -57577

60. Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening

61. Tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod - elipsis

62. Town criers - umalohokan

63. Meaning of TOS - able of Specifications

64. Sage on stage - dispenser of knowledge

65. Negative effect of extended family - FAVORITISM.

66. Bicameralism - Jones Law

67. She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor

68. Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been

69. She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor

70. Had I studied very well, I ___________ rewarded with vacation in the US~~would have been

71. is an example of a non pathogenic microorganism -Probiotics as bifidobacterium

72. First labor union in the Philippines - Union Obrera Demokratika

73. The only remnant after world war II -Philippine Independent Church

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