Semester : BE - 5th Civil-A

Subject : Highway Engineering

Code : 2150601

Presentation On : Traffic Engineering

Prepared by : Eddy Ankit Gangani
eddygangani@gmail.com
 What is Traffic Engineering ?

 Scope of traffic Engineering

 Traffic System Components

 Traffic Characteristics – Road User Characteristics

Vehicular Characteristics
Road Characteristics
 Traffic Engineering : It is
very important that traffic
flow on roads should be
efficient-safe-rapid.

 Traffic Engineering is the

branch which deals with
science of measuring
traffic ,Designing &
Operating system to
achieve Safe& efficient
movement of persons as
well as goods.
 Traffic Characteristics
 Traffic studies & analysis
 Traffic operation – control
 Planning & Analysis
 Geometric Design
 Administration & Management
 Road users-drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and
passengers

 Vehicles

 Streets and highways

 Traffic control devices

 The general environment

 Traffic Characteristics

Road User Vehicular

Characteristics Characteristics

Physical Mental Psychological Environmental

Permanent- Knowledge Traffic Stream

Attentiveness
Vision,Hearing,Re Skill Facilities
Fear
action time Experience Atmosphere
Temporary- Anger
Intelligence Locality
Fatigue,Alchohol,Illn Superposition
ess,Drugs
Literacy
 Physiological–Measurable and Usually Quantifiable
 Psychological–Much more difficult to measure and quantify
 • Psychological : Desired speeds
Desired safety distances
 • Physiological : Perception-Reaction time
Visual factors
Hearing
 The traffic engineer must deal with elderly drivers as well as 18-year-olds, aggressive drivers
and timid drivers, and drivers subject to myriad distractions both inside and outside their
vehicles.
 Field of Vision : The most
important characteristic of
drivers is their ability to see!

 Traffic Signs: Location,

Height, Shapes, Colors

 The peripheral vision field

narrows, as speed increases,
to as little as 100° at 20 mi/h
and to 40° at 60 mi/h.
 Perception-Reaction Time : The second critical driver characteristic is
perception-reaction time (PRT).
 Detection. In this phase, an object or condition of concern enters the
driver’s field of vision, and the driver becomes consciously aware that
something requiring a response is present.(Perception=VisionAwareness)
 Identification. In this phase, the driver acquires sufficient information
concerning the object or condition to allow the consideration of an
appropriate response.(Intellection- Interpretation)
 Decision. Once identification of the object or condition is sufficiently
completed, the driver must analyze the information and make a decision
about how to respond.
 Response. After a decision has been reached, the response is now
physically implemented by the driver.(Volition= physical response)
 d = 0.278 S.t
 Traffic Characteristics

Road User Vehicular

Characteristics Characteristics

Static Dynamic

Speed
Dimensions
Acceleration
Weight Braking System
Maximum Lighting System
Turning Vehicle Design
Radius Tyre
 Vehicle Categories : AASHTO - Four main
categories

 Passenger type-all passenger cars, SUVs, minivans,

vans, and pickup trucks.
 Buses-intercity motor coaches, transit buses, school
buses, and articulated buses
 Trucks-single-unit trucks, tractor-trailer, and
tractorsemi-trailer combination vehicles
 ▫ Recreational vehicles-motor homes, cars with various
types of trailers (boat, campers, motorcycles, etc.)
 Braking and deceleration
 Acceleration
 Low-speed turning characteristics
 High-speed turning characteristics
 Size = Height*Width*Length
 Weight
 Sight Distance
 Super Elevation
 Curves
 Capacity
 • High-speed turning characteristics

 S : Speed km/h
 R : Curve Radius m
 e : Super elevation rate %
 f : Coefficient of side friction
 Braking and deceleration
 Acceleration
 Low-speed turning characteristics
 High-speed turning characteristics
 Size = Height*Width*Length
 Weight
 Sight Distance
 Super Elevation
 Curves
 Capacity
 Friction – Skid + Slip
 Unevenness
 Light Reflecting Characteristics
 Skid : vehicle slide without revolving
 Slip : wheel revolves more than longitudinal
distance along the road.(acceleration)
 Factors affecting :
Type of Pavement
Roughness of surface
Dry-wet-smooth pavement conditions
Conditions of tyres
Speed of vehicles
Brake efficiency