UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY , JAMAICA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

ELE -1003 - ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP-FINAL EXAM- SOLUTION – May 2006

GROUP: ENG - 1E

QUESTION NO. 1

(a) Draw the cross sectional of a three core PVC cable and identify the main parts
( 5 marks )

PVC Insulator
(mech protection-

bonding )

Conductors

PVC Insulators with color codes

From figure KCL implies that IT I1 I2 I3  0

(b) For the circuit below in figure 1.1 determine the current in each section of the cable
and the voltage at point A, B and point C.
(10 marks )

0 0.06 Ώ A 0. 08 Ώ B 0.085 Ώ C

IT I1 IAB I2 I3

240 V 30 A 56 A 28 A

Figure 1.2

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 from which

IT  30 56 28  114 A

IAB  I2 I3  56 28  84 A
I3  28 A
IBC 

For the voltage Vs  240 V

VA  Vs IT  R0 A  240 ( 114)  ( 0.06)  233.16V

VB  VA IAB  RAB  233.16 ( 84)  ( 0.08)  226.76V

226.76 ( 28)  ( 0.085)  224.38V
VC  VB IBC  RBC 

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 Components Layout symbol Wiring Function
symbol

To provide one-way control

1-way switch

Conveniences
outlet 110 V/ To provide 110V up to 15A for
15 A Electrical applicances

Filament To provide illumination for an

lamp area

Intermediate To provide 3-way control and up

switch

2- way switch To provide two-way control

Figure 1.3
Question 2 (a) ( 6 4 marks)
( i) Earth continuity conductor
This is the cable or other conductor to which the metal parts of the installation to be earthed is
connected, and which itselt is connected to the earthing lead by way of consumer's earthing terminal. It
may be the metal sheathing of cables or special continuity wire enclose in the cable sheath, or conduit
enclosing the cable

( ii) Earth electrode

This is a conductor which is in contact with the general mass of earth by means of a rod, or water pipe
exc......................

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(iii) A “ring” circuit is one which the current-carrying and earth conductors are connected in
the form of a loop and is supplied by more than one source as shown below in
figure 2.1 below

A B
X X

Figure 2.1

(c ) An industrial load consist of the following:-

Table 2.1 Industrial load

Quantity Type of load

2 10Hp, 440V, 3 induction motor

2 220 V, 15 KW electric heaters

12 220 V, 350 W sodium Lamps

1 220 V, 5 KW dryer

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 Calculations
For one 3F-10 HP-440 V motor the current is:

10 x746
I3 
  14 A
3  x440x
 0.707

But starting current is 3 time3I

:

Imotor  3 x 14  42 A

For one single -phase heater the current is:

P 15000
Iheater    68 A
V 220

For 12 sodium lampsthe current is:

12 x P 12 x 350
Ilamp    19 A
V 220

For one single -phase dryer the current is:

P 5000
Idryer    22.7 A
V 220

Total load current per phase L1 and L3 is:

40 A 70 A 20 A  130 A
Total load current per phase L2:
40 A 40 A  80 A

Detail wiring diagram is shown below in figure 2.3

From JS21 table F2 cable size required is 50 mm 2

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L1

L2
440 V
L3
440 V
N

220 V

440 V - 40 A - 3 breaker

To To motor # 2
motor #1

70A
Heater 70 A
Heater

20A 20 A
Dryer

Sodium lamps

Figure 2.3 Detail wiring diagram of the installation

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 QUESTION NO. 3

(a) A single phase motor takes 5 A at a power factor of 0.866 lagging when connected to
a 120 V rms , 50 Hz supply. Two similar capacitors are connected in parallel with each
other to form a capacitor bank. This capacitor bank is now connected in parallel with
the motor to raise the power factor to unity. Determine the capacitance of each
capacitor.
(10 marks )
Solution

Is = Im

120 V/ 50 Hz M
~
Ym

Figure 3.2 Initial circuit for motor

Ic
Is Im

120 V/ 50 Hz C1 C2 M
~
YC Ym

Figure 3.3 power factor correction circuit for motor

Question 3 (a) method no. 1 ( 10 marks)

Because it is a parallel circuit the addmittance of figure 3.2 is:

I at (  deg ) 5 at ( 30 deg ) 0.0416at ( 30 deg ) Mho

Ym   
Vs 120

Ym  
0.0416cos ( 30) j  0.0416 sin ( 30)

Ym  0.0361 j 0.0208 mho

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 For power faction we now havecircuit figure 3.2 :

For a power factor of one we have the following equations :

PF  cos (  )  1
  0

The total addmittance of the circuit in figure 3.2 :

I at ( 0 deg ) 5
YT    0.0416mho
Vs 120

This implies total addmittance of the circuit in figure 3.2 :

YT  Ym YC  0.0361 j  0.0208 Yc  0.0361mho

Yc  0 j  0.0208mho  j    CT  j  2   f  CT

This implies that for figure 3.2 :

0.0208
0.0208   66.2  F
CT  100 
2   f
CT
C1  C2   33.1  F
2

Question 3 (a) method no. 2 ( 10 marks)

From figure 3.2 we know that the initial load is:

S  Vrms  Irms  120 x 5  600 VA

PF  cos (  )  0.866
  30 deg

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In general the apparent power is:

S  P j Q  S  cos (  ) j  S  sin (  )

where P = real power and Q is reactive power:

Q  600 sin ( 30)  300 Var

To improve the power factor to unity the capacitors must eliminate the reactive power:
which implies that:

2 2
Vs Vs 2
Q    Vs   CT
Zc 1
  CT

Q 300
CT    66.3  F
2
2   f ( 120) 100 
2
Vs
CT
C1  C2   33.1  F
2

(b) A moving coil ammeter gives and a full scale deflection (F.S.D) with a current of
50 mA and a voltage of 100 mV .

Calculate the value of resistance needed to convert the instrument

to measure (i) 100 A

Solution
Since the meter can only carry 50 mA and we require the circuit to measure 100 A
the we must connect a shunt resistance to carry 10 A – 50 m A. which is 99.95 A
as shown in figure 3.3 below

A -meter
50 m A Rm = Vm/Im = 0.1/ 0.05 = 2 
100 A

Ishunt = 99.95 A

Rshunt
Figure 3.3 for measuring 100 A

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 Base on figure 3.3

Vm 100 x 10
3
Rm    2
Im 50 x 10
3

Rmeter  IT 2 x 100
Ishunt    99.95
Rmeter Rshunt 2 Rshunt

99.95 2 Rshunt  200

200 199.9 0.1

Rshunt    1 m
99.95 99.95

(ii) The resistance necessary to convert this instrument to measure 250V dc

Since the meter can only carry 50 m A and we require the max current at 250 V
is 50 m A. then we must connect a resistance in series with the 2 Ώ of the meter
such that Ifsd = V/ (Rseries + Rmeter ) = 50 m A as shown in figure 3.4 below

V -meter
Rseries 50 m A 2 Ώ

Vd = 249.999V Vm= 100 m V

250 V

Figure 3.4 to measure 250 V

Vs
Ifsd 
Rmeter Rseiies

V Ifsd Rmeter 250 50 x 10 x 2

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Rseries    4998
Ifsd 50 x 10
3

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(c ) List four advantages and two disadvantages of underground distribution systems
( 5 marks)
QUESTION NO. 5

(a) Explain with the aid of circuit diagrams how an electromagnetic relay operate.
( 5 marks)

(b) Draw a detail circuit diagram showing how you can use a 12 V dc relay to control two
220 VAC Loads and 220 VAC lamp. The two Loads are in parallel and must on when
the lamp is off when the relay is energized. The lamp must be on and the loads off
when the relay is de-energized.

L1

220 V, 50 Hz
4 5
3 6
2 7 L2

1 8

sw

220V 24 V
Load 220 V Lamp

( 15 marks)
(c) The colour code on a resistor is Black, Yellow, Green and Gold. Estimate its value
using the colour code and show how this value can be checked by the Voltmeter,
ammeter method.

( 5 marks )

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