1. Enumerate the different elements exposed to hazards.

- Elements Exposed to Hazard Exposure refers to the element at risk from a natural or man – made
hazard event. • Human beings; • Dwellings or households and communities; • Building structures;
• Public facilities and infrastructure assets; • Public transport system; • Agricultural commodities;
and • Environmental assets
2. Explain what vulnerability means.
- It is the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard
3. Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disaster than others.
- The sectors of society more at risk from disaster are all the at risk groups. That may be the poor
but it is also the very young, very old and those with disabilities. Let’s not leave out those who
refuse to leave when warned and just choose not to. The at risk group which is created by greed to
sell or rent a high risk housing is growing at an alarming rate. An example is to build housing in
flood prone land making an already high risk area even higher risk.
4. Conduct a simple research about Guadalupe Bridge in EDSA, Makati. Analyze and explain
why it is more vulnerable to earthquake as compared to other bridges in Metro Manila.
- The reason why Guadalupe Bridge in EDSA, makati is more vulnerable to earthquake is due to
the fact that it is the closest bridge near the fault line. Being near at a fault line could be
damaging, also Guadalupe Bridge has a lot of cracks which means it is now weaker and can’t
hold the Earthquake’s intensity.
5. Accomplish the following Table Below. Identify the different elements that are exposed to a
particular hazard, and briefly state their vulnerabilities.
ELEMENT EXPOSED TO HAZARD VULNERABILITIES
HAZARD

6. Explain the following four (4) types of vulnerability and give examples for each from actual
situation.
a. Environmental Vulnerability
- Natural resources depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of environmental
vulnerability 4 types of Vulnerability
b. Physical Vulnerability
- It may be determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a
settlement, the site design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).
c. Social Vulnerability
- refers to the inability of people, organization and societies to withstand adverse impacts to
hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and system of
cultural values.
d. Economic Vulnerability
- The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the economics status of individuals,
communities and nations. The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they
lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to
protect themselves from being negatively impacted by disaster.
7. Differentiate among hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities and give examples from actual
situation.