Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction

Table of exposed
ELEMENTS

Quarter 1 Week 4 Module 1

Learning Competency:
Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements
exposed to specific hazards.
TY
R
PE
O
PR
A
IL
N
A
M
O
SD

1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing
enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what
learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.

• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module.

2
LESSON 7: ELEMENTS AT RISK
EXPECTATIONS
At the end of this module, you are to recognize different elements that are vulnerable
to specific hazards. Specifically, you are expected to:
a. identify elements that are vulnerable to a particular hazard;
b. describe how quality of an element becomes vulnerable to specific hazard; and
c. suggest ways on how to overcome vulnerabilities of an element.

Vulnerability of an element is necessary to understand in order to avoid them in

exposing to hazards. There are many elements that is present in our respective home
and knowing their qualities would allow us to reconsider them in planning for the
lessening the impact of a disaster. Let us explore these elements by answering first the
given pretest.

PRETEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best describe the idea.
___1. What hazard is probably the worst for agricultural rice fields?
A. Typhoon B. Earthquake C. Volcanic eruption D. Fire
___2. Which element is most vulnerable to earthquake?
A. Paper C. a man inside a concrete house
B. Nipa hut D. a man standing near a high building
___3. All of the following elements are vulnerable to fire except
A. Concrete house C. lighted candle
B. Paper D. Nipa hut
___4. Which element is vulnerable to typhoon?
A. Nipa hut C. apartment E. Band C
B. Concrete house D. leaning electric post F. A and D
___5. Which of the following is most vulnerable to pandemic?
A. Man and woman C. A woman wearing face mask
B. Elderly and children D. A family inside the house.

3
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
TELL ME SOMETHING!
Directions: Observe the two pictures below. Fill in the necessary information in the table. If
they will both suffer from an Earthquake, answer the questions that follow.

Type of House

https://scontent.fmnl8-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-
8/10286801_1485468828337723_3709222610682935133_o.jpg?_nc_cat=105&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=4zvLbZ5dr8gAX9LyyNe&_nc_ht=scontent.fmnl8-
http://www.ciucciotto.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/b2-1.jpg 1.fna&oh=11dad8406c5f77504669fda4838c9b1d&oe=5F1E6293

Describe the type of

house briefly.

If there would an
earthquake, describe
what could happen in
both type of house.

Which type of house will receive much impact of the earthquake? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The type of hazards, vulnerability, and the coping
capacity of a person or a society dictates the nature of risk to
disaster. Aside from this, there also exposed elements that could
lead to disaster if left undermined. For example, why are matches
is kept out of reached for children? Why are ceiling of respective
houses are being fixed before a typhoon strikes? Or why are
leaning building should be abandoned? Yes! Indeed they are one of https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/icons-set-natural-disasters-flat-style-colored-different-
civilization-negative-effects-vector-illustration-62599395.jpg

4
the exposed elements that are risky when hazard is already present. Also, a simple paper is an
exposed element that is vulnerable to fire hazards. Let us identify more as we go on with the
following activities prepared for you.

ACTIVITY 1: THE ELEMENTS OF FIRE

DIRECTIONS: Describe the quality of the exposed element and be able to describe whether it
is vulnerable or not to fire hazards.
Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to fire hazards
Pile of papers

Steel cabinet

Plastic cabinet

What makes an element vulnerable to fire?

__________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: TYPHOON ELEMENTS

DIRECTIONS: Describe the quality of the exposed element and be able to describe whether it
is vulnerable or not to typhoon hazards.
Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to typhoon
hazards
Ceiling of nipa hut

Ceiling of a
concrete house
Rice fields

5
What makes an element vulnerable to typhoon?
__________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
• Vulnerability- it describes the condition of a society or community, asset or system that
make them prone to the impact of a hazard. 1
• Exposure - It pertains to the at-risk elements from man-made or natural hazard event.
These elements at risk could be households and communities, individuals, public
facilities, buildings and structures, agricultural commodities, business activities and
environmental assets.2

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Identify two actual situations that could happen from hazards in your community and be

able to differentiate the concept of exposure and vulnerability from your identified situation based on

the format below.

Actual situations Exposure Vulnerability

Care and concern for others:

Suggest ways on how to lessen vulnerability of elements towards fire and typhoon hazards.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

6
POSTTEST
Directions: Fill in the necessary information in the following table. The possible exposed element is

provided and be able to answer the third and 4th column of the table

Possible Exposed Capacity of the Vulnerability of the

Hazard
Element exposed element exposed element
Wooden chair
Earthquake

Wooden chair
Fire

Wooden chair
Flood

Wooden chair
Pandemic

Wooden chair
Tsunami

Wooden chair
Typhoon

Volcanic Wooden chair

eruptions

Reference:
1. Fire and Emergency Management planning. Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Resilience.
file:///Users/joefreyrchan/Desktop/DRRR MODULE/4.3 Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability and
Resilience.webarchive.
2. Geoscience Australia. Risk and Impact.

3. Government of Trinidad & Tobago. Vulnerability and Risk | Office of Disaster Preparedness
and Management - ODPM. Off Disaster Prep. 2016.
http://www.odpm.gov.tt/node/32%0Ahttp://www.odpm.gov.tt/node/162.

7
 Acknowledgements

Writer: JOEFREY R. CHAN – MTII

Editor / Reviewer: REBECCA M. ROXAS, EPS-Science
Management Team: MALCOLM S. GARMA, Regional Director
GENIA V. SANTOS, CLMD Chief
DENNIS M. MENDOZA, Regional EPS in Charge
of LRMS and Regional ADM Coordinator
MARIA MAGDALENA M. LIM, CESO V, Schools
Division Superintendent
AIDA H. RONDILLA, CID Chief
LUCKY S. CARPIO, Division EPS in Charge of
LRMS and Division ADM Coordinator

8
ANSWER SHEETS
Name: Score:

Grade and Strand: Teacher: Date:

Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature over printed name

PRETEST
1.___
2.___
3.___
4.___
5.___

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

TELL ME SOMETHING!
Directions: Observe the two pictures below. Fill in the necessary information in the table. If they will both suffer
from an Earthquake, answer the questions that follow.

Type of House

https://scontent.fmnl8-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-
8/10286801_1485468828337723_3709222610682935133_o.jpg?_nc_cat=105&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=4zvLbZ5dr8gAX9LyyNe&_nc_ht=scontent.fmnl8-
http://www.ciucciotto.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/b2-1.jpg 1.fna&oh=11dad8406c5f77504669fda4838c9b1d&oe=5F1E6293

Describe the type of

house briefly.

If there would an
earthquake, describe
what could happen in
both type of house.

Which type of house will receive much impact of the earthquake? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

9
 ACTIVITY 1: THE ELEMENTS OF FIRE

DIRECTIONS: Describe the quality of the exposed element and be able to describe whether it is vulnerable or
not to fire hazards.
Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to fire hazards
Pile of papers

Steel cabinet

Plastic cabinet

What makes an element vulnerable to fire?

__________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: TYPHOON ELEMENTS

DIRECTIONS: Describe the quality of the exposed element and be able to describe whether it is vulnerable or
not to typhoon hazards.
Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to typhoon hazards
Ceiling of nipa hut

Ceiling of a concrete
house
Rice fields

What makes an element vulnerable to typhoon?

__________________________________________________________________________

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Identify two actual situations that could happen from hazards in your community and be able to
differentiate the concept of exposure and vulnerability from your identified situation based on the format below.
Actual situations Exposure Vulnerability

10
Care and concern for others:
Suggest ways on how to lessen vulnerability of elements towards fire and typhoon hazards.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST
Directions: Fill in the necessary information in the following table. The possible exposed element is provided and
be able to answer the third and 4th column of the table
Possible Exposed Capacity of the exposed Vulnerability of the
Hazard
Element element exposed element
Wooden chair
Earthquake

Wooden chair
Fire

Wooden chair
Flood

Wooden chair
Pandemic

Wooden chair
Tsunami

Wooden chair
Typhoon

Volcanic Wooden chair

eruptions

11
ANSWER KEYS
PRETEST
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. F
5. B

TELL ME SOMETHING

Type of House

https://scontent.fmnl8-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t31.0-
8/10286801_1485468828337723_3709222610682935133_o.jpg?_nc_cat=105&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=4zvLbZ5dr8gAX9LyyNe&_nc_ht=scontent.fmnl8-
http://www.ciucciotto.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/b2-1.jpg 1.fna&oh=11dad8406c5f77504669fda4838c9b1d&oe=5F1E6293

The building is a condominium The building is a two-storey apartment.

Describe the type of house
briefly.

If there would an The building might collapse, people in the The people will experience ground shaking.
earthquake, describe what building will experience extreme ground
could happen in both type
of house. shaking

Which type of house will receive much impact of the earthquake? Why?
The condominium might receive greater impact of the earthquake especially when the building might collapse.
Many people will be injured or worst die.

ACTIVITY 1: THE ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to fire hazards

Pile of papers Lightweight, easy to be burned Combustible prone to fire hazards

Steel cabinet Heavyweight, fire proof Non-combustible, not vulnerable to fire

Plastic cabinet Easy to be burned Vulnerable to fire,

What makes an element vulnerable to fire?

An element is vulnerable to fire if it is combustible or easily burned.

12
 ACTIVITY 2: TYPHOON ELEMENTS

Exposed elements Quality of the element Vulnerability to typhoon hazards

Ceiling of nipa hut Lightweight, made of nipa Can be easily taken away by winds

Ceiling of a concrete house Steel made Durable enough, can withstand wind speed of
typhoon
Rice fields Exposed under the sun Prone to floods and strong wind, destruction of
rice crops

What makes an element vulnerable to typhoon?

An element is vulnerable to typhoon when it can be easily push away by the wind and could be exposed to extreme flooding.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Identify two actual situations that could happen from hazards in your community and be able to differentiate the concept of

exposure and vulnerability from your identified situation based on the format below. ANSWERS MAY VARY

Actual situations Exposure Vulnerability

Fire within the community
Ffff Flood during and after typhoon
O Open circuits, octopus wiring, presence
of combustible materials such as papers
and plastics.
Clogged canals due to improper waste
disposal
These exposed elements could lead to
faster spread of fire
Severe and prolong flooding due to
clogged canals.

Care and concern for others:

Suggest ways on how to lessen vulnerability of elements towards fire and typhoon hazards
Make sure that octopus wiring is not used inside houses and open wires should be properly fixed by electrician. Simple proper waste disposal
must be practice to avoid clogging of drainage

POSTTEST
Directions: Fill in the necessary information in the following table. The possible exposed element is provided and be able to answer the third

and 4th column of the table

Capacity of the exposed Vulnerability of the exposed

Hazard Possible Exposed Element
element element
Earthquake Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable Can withstand pressure, could be
combustible used for cover
Fire Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, Can be burned during fire
combustible
Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, C Could be used for sitting during
Flood
combustible flood because it can withstand
water.
Pandemic Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, It can be a venue or surface for
combustible viruses and bacteria
Tsunami Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, It can be taken away by moving
combustible water
Typhoon Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, C Could withstand flood and can
combustible be used for sitting.
Volcanic eruptions Wooden chair Heavy weight, durable, Could be used inside the house.
combustible

13