BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City

Senior High School Department

School Year 2020-2021

DRRR 11 & 12
LEARNING MODULE
Living Things and Their Environment

Week 05—07-11 December 2020

Week 06—14-18 December 2020

Prepared by:

RYAN A. BERSAMIN

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 Learning Module in DRRR 11 & 12
DATE TOPICS
Week 05 Lesson 3: Vulnerability
07-11 December 2020  Recognize Vulnerabilities of Different Elements
Exposed to Specific Hazards
Chapter II: Earthquake Hazards
Lesson 1: Potential Earthquake Hazards and Their
Effects Lesson 2: Tsunami Signs
Reference Book: Oliva, Mylene D. G., Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction, (DIWA Textbooks, 2019), pages 1-16
Amadore, Leoncio A. et al., Disaster Risk Reduction for the
Youth, (Selesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2017),
pages 1-14
Week 22 Lesson 3: Earthquake Hazard Maps
14-18 December 2020 Lesson 4: Precautionary Measures for Earthquakes
Reference Book: Religioso, Teresita F. et al., You and the
Natural World 7, (Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2017),
pages 109-112
Reference Book: Oliva, Mylene D. G., Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction, (DIWA Textbooks, 2019), pages 1-16
Amadore, Leoncio A. et al, Disaster Risk Reduction for the
Youth, (Selesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2017),
pages 1-14
Other References:
 https://www.preventionweb.net/disaster-risk/risk/hazard/
 https://safety.lovetoknow.com/ Earthquake_Safety_Precautions
___________________________________________________________________________________
Most Essential Learning Competencies: At the end of this module, each learner
should be able to:
 Recognized vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to a particular hazard.
 Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples
from actual situations.
 Define and cite examples of types of hazards.
 Explain the impact of various hazards on different exposed elements.
 Identify various potential earthquake hazards.
 Recognize the natural signs of an impending tsunami.
 Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards.
 Interpret different earthquake hazard maps.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Values:
 Discipline in accomplishing this module and in following scientific process in
investigating situations.
 Creativity and critical thinking in performing assigned task.

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 Week 05—Day 1
Recognize Vulnerabilities of Different Elements Exposed to Specific
Hazards

Patricians, in this module you will realize that recognizing the vulnerabilities of
different elements exposed to hazard will help the community design to formulate
strategies on prevention, mitigation, and immediate response and possible
rehabilitations after a major event.

LETS Let's Warm Up!

Classify the following words/phrase according to the given category below.

Agricultural Land Hospital Seashore

Barangay Response Team Marine Resources Social Status
Bridges Railroads Subdivision
Fish Pond Rainforest Telecommunications
Government Schools Transportation

Physical Social Economic

Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities

Vulnerabilities of different elements are determined due to its exposure to

particular and specific hazard.

Physical Vulnerability
This includes population density levels, place of a settlement, the site design,
and materials used for infrastructure and housing. When hazardous events occur,
normally physical elements are severely damaged. For example, UP Visayas buildings
were totally destroyed during the super typhoon Yolanda in 2013 leaving the structure
totally damaged. Another example is the decreased in population density like what
happened in Baguio during the 1990 earthquake in North Luzon when a lot of people
were injured and died.

Social Vulnerability
This happens due to inability of people, organization, and societies to prevent
severe effects from hazards because of the expected behavior in social interactions,
institutions, and system of cultural values. For example, during typhoon the line of
communications were cut off when cell sites shutdown or disruption of transport
system due to inability of small vehicles to pass through the flooded areas or
unpassable roads and bridges. With some difficulties in the delivery of services such
as relief goods and medicines, a lot of problems occurred like shortage of food and
spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, when social elements were exposed to hazard,
these may lead to disruption of normal processes and activities in the community.

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Economic Vulnerability
This is based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations.
The poorer the country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the funds
or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place
which protect them from being affected by disasters. So, we can say that Philippines is
more vulnerable to an event such as earthquake compared to Japan. Though both
countries are exposed to earthquake hazard because both are located in the Pacific
ring of fire, but due to differences in economic status, Japan is more resilient because
of its ability to afford changes in architectural and engineering designs of building and
infrastructures to make them less vulnerable to earthquake. Another example is the
Covid-19 pandemic wherein the most affected are those who belong to low income and
informal workers.
Social and economic vulnerability can be combined also known as
socioeconomic vulnerability.

Environmental Vulnerability
This is Caused by natural resources depletion and destruction. Organisms like
humans, animals, and plants are all dependent on the environment for survival.
Human activities like deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and kaingin affect the
natural abilities of the environment to protect itself from any natural hazard due to
absence of trees which may cause landslide and flashfloods. Sometimes the effects are
irreversible. The Philippines has high vulnerability due to the following reasons:
 It lies in the Pacific typhoon belt and we are visited by an average of 20 typhoons
every year.
 Rugged nature of the landscape makes it vulnerable to landslide, mudflows, and
other disasters.
 It is an archipelagic country with many small islands where some areas are at
below sea level.
 It has the longest shoreline in the world at 32,400 km making it vulnerable to
storm surges.
 It is still a primary agricultural and fishing economy.
 With poor institutional and social capacity to manage, respond, and recover
from natural hazard events.
 With high level of poverty.
 Aside from typhoon, it is also at risk to volcanic eruptions, quakes, and floods.

Name: ________________________________________ Year/Sec: _________________

Activity 5
Hazards, Exposure, and Vulnerabilities from Actual Situations
I DIRECTION: Below is a picture of an incident in a mining community in
Itogon, Benguet after the onslaught of the Typhoon Ompong in 2018. Look at
the picture then answer the questions after the image. (9 points)

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 1. What is the hazard shown in the picture?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. What area is exposed to hazard?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the cause of this incident?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Analyze and answer the following questions after the given scenario. (6 points)

You are a mom. You live in Brgy. Baluwarte Oeste, which is a coastal barangay
in Agoo, La Union. You have a 2-storey house, and the ground floor where your sari-
sari store is situated is already flooded. You wrapped your baby and went to the
second floor, but the flood is fast rising and you are likely to get trapped. Your
husband went to the Barangay Hall, where they prepared boats, but he has not yet
come back.

1. Determine the hazards given in the story.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. What are the possible ways to lessen the vulnerability of the exposed elements to
hazards? Explain your answer?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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 Week 05—Days 2-3
Chapter II: Earthquake Hazards
If earthquake is regarded as one of the most frightening
natural disasters, that is because seconds of its occurrence can be more
destructive than days of a typhoon. Besides, an earthquake comes with
very little warning.
An earthquake is a sudden movement of the ground as a result of release of
energy in the Barth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. It may cause many
deaths, injuries and widespread damage to properties.
For hundred millions of years, the force of plate tectonics has shaped the earth
resulting to formation of different landforms.
This module is intended to equip you with knowledge on various potential
earthquake hazards and reduction of its risks.

Lesson 1: Potential Earthquake Hazards

and Their Effects
An earthquake poses a lot of hazards which can contribute to
large economic and human losses, and represents a serious impediment
to socioeconomic development, creation of jobs, and availability of funds
for poverty reduction initiatives.
In this lesson, you will be introduced to the different hazards brought about by
an earthquake. Earthquake hazard and risk assessment is a fundamental tool for
developing risk reduction measures and constitutes the first step to support decisions
and actions to reduce potential losses.

Quake Throwback!

Can you label the picture below? Inside the boxes at the right, write the
correct label and give the definition of the term/s.

_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
What
_________________________
are _________________________
Earthquake Hazards?
Earthquake Hazards refer to earthquake agents which have the potential to
cause harm to a vulnerable target which can either be humans, animals or even your
environment.
Ground Shaking
It is a disruptive up-down and sideways movement or motion experienced during8
an earthquake. Ground shaking vary over an area due to such factors as topography,
bedrock type, and the location and orientation of the fault rupture. These all affect the
way the seismic waves travel through the ground.

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  Strong ground shaking can cause
objects to fall, break windows among
others.
 Strong ground shaking can also result
to minor damages to buildings and
worse, cause collapse of a structure.
(e.g. collapse of Hyatt Hotel, Baguio
City after the 16 July 1990 Luzon
Earthquake).
 Most part of the Philippines will
experience shaking at different degrees
depending on magnitude of earthquake, distance of one's location from the fault
that moved, local below conditions, etc. surface

Ground Rupture
Ground rupture generally occurs only along
the fault zone that moves during the
earthquake, this is the displacement on the
ground due to movement of fault.
 This will be experienced by areas where
fault passes through (note not all cracks
on the ground that people see after a
strong earthquake are faults, some may
just be surficial cracks because of ground
failure).
 The movement may have vertical
and
horizontal component and may be as small as less than 0.5 meters (Masbate 1994
earthquake) to as big as 6 meters (16 July 1990 Earthquake). Tsunami

Tsunami
Tsunami a secondary effect that are
giant ocean waves that can rapidly travel
across oceans, as will be discussed in
more detail later. Earthquakes that occur
beneath sea level and along coastal areas
can generate tsunami, which can cause
damage thousands of kilometers away on
the other side of the ocean.
 This is a series of giant sea waves
commonly generated by under-the-
sea earthquakes and whose heights
could be greater than 5 meters.
 Examples of recent tsunami events in the Philippines are the August 1976 Moro
Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami and the November 1994 Oriental Mindoro
Earthquake and Tsunami, December 2004 Banda Aceh Earthquake (Indonesia),
and March 2011 Eastern Japan

Liquefaction
Liquefaction occurs when waterlogged
sediments are agitated by seismic shaking.
This separates the grains from each other,
reducing their load bearing capacity.
 As a result, any heavy load on top of the
sediment body will either sink or tilt as the
sediment could no longer hold the load,
such as what happened in Dagupan City
during the 16 July 1990 earthquake.

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Earthquake-induced Landslide
Ground shaking earthquakes
destabilizes cliffs and steep slopes,
causing landslides and rock falls as a
significant side-effect. Heavy rain and
unconsolidated or fractured rock are
Ground due to exacerbating factors.
Loose thin soil covering on the slopes of
steep mountains are prone to mass
movement, especially when shaken
during an earthquake. Many landslides
occur as a result of strong ground
shaking such as those observed on the
mountainsides along the National
Highway in Nueva Ecija and the road leading up to Baguio City during the 16 July
1990 earthquake.

Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:

_________________
Activity 6
Earthquake and its Hazards
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer and write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your choice on the space provided before each number. (10
points)
______1. Which community will be least affected by an earthquake?
A. A community that is within l-km radius of the epicenter.
B. A community that experiences an earthquake with a depth of focus of 100
km. C. A densely populated community that has no earthquake preparedness
measures in place.
D. A community that experiences an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5.
______2. Which of the following is caused by a landslide or explosion under the
oceans? A. Tsunami B. Liquefaction
C. Ground rupture D. Fire
______3. Which secondary effect of an earthquake is described as collapse of buildings
caused by earthquake vibrating water-saturated fill or unconsolidated soil?
A. Tsunami B. Landslide
C. Liquefaction D. Flood
______4. What might happen when ground shaking results to breakage of gas,
electrical lines and fuel lines, and overturning of stoves?
A. Liquefaction B. Fire
C. Subsidence D. Landslide
______5. Which can help reduce the risk of an earthquake?
A. Through effective earthquake instrumentation
B. Building resistant structures
C. Hazard maps
D. All of the above
______6. lf you are at risk from earthquakes, what can you do to prepare for an
earthquake?
A. Choose a safe place in every room of your house like sturdy tables or desk.
B. Develop a family disaster plan.
C. Educate yourself on earthquake safety measures.
D. All of the above
______7. Which is not a cause of earthquake?
A. Movement of tectonic plates B. Changing of soil density
C. Motion along earth's faults D. Shifting of bedrocks
______8. Which of the following is a primary hazard caused by an earthquake?

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 A. Cracks on the ground/faults B. Landslides
C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami

______9. When you are inside a building when earthquake begins, you should
__________.
A. Run outside immediately
B. Duck, cover and hold on
C. Call your friends and relatives to let them know if you are okay or not.
D. Go to an open space.
______10. Which can be prevented by reinforcing slopes and rerouting of water
passages? A. Liquefaction B. Tsunami
C. Subsidence D. Landslide

Week 05—Day 4
Lesson 2: Tsunami
Signs
Different natural
events may be experienced by
anyone that may cause damage
and/or loss of properties as well as
put everyone's life in danger. One of
which is tsunami. A tsunami is a
series of enormous ocean waves
caused by earthquakes, underwater landslides, and/or volcanic eruptions. In this part
of the lesson, you will learn about natural signs of impending tsunami and what you
should do in the event of a tsunami warning8 LETS

Check This Out!

Analyze the picture below. Evaluate what you think had happened or what do
you think is happening in the picture?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
What are the natural signs of an impending Tsunami?
1. Feel an earthquake. Severe ground
shaking from local earthquakes may cause
tsunamis. However, an earthquake may
not be felt if the event is far away.
2. See ocean water disappear from
beach, bay, river. Water may recede from
the coast, exposing the ocean floor, reefs
and fish before returning as a fast- moving
wall of water (tsunami). This is called
"drawback." Drawback can exceed
hundreds of meters exposing normally
submerged areas.
3. Hear an unusual roaring sound.
Abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water,
and an approaching tsunami can create a
loud "roaring'" sound similar to that of a
train or jet aircraft.

If you experience any of these signs, do not wait for

official evacuation orders. Immediately leave low-lying coastal areas and move to higher ground.

What should you do when a Tsunami threatens?

1. Preparations before a Tsunami:
a. lf you live near or visit a coastal
area, learn about the risk of a
tsunami. Some at-risk
communities have maps with
evacuation zones and routes.
b. Learn the signs of an impending
tsunami.
c. Know and practice community
evacuation plans and map out
your routes from coming from
your house, work, and other areas.
d. Create a family emergency plan with all your family members.
2. During the event of a tsunami:
a. Protect yourself first from an earthquake if you are in a tsunami area. Do the
Duck, Cover, and Hold. Tsunamis generated in distant locations will generally
give people enough time to move to higher ground. For locally-generated
tsunamis, where you might feel the ground shake, you may only have a few
minutes to move to higher ground.
b. If there is a warning, either from the officials or a natural sign, move immediately
to a safe place as high and as far from the inland as possible.
c. If you are outside the tsunami hazard zone and a warning has been issued, stay
where you are unless officials tell you otherwise.
d. If you are in school and a tsunami warning has been issued, follow the advice of
teachers and other school personnel.
e. lf you are at home and hear there is a tsunami warning, you should make sure
your entire family 1is aware of the warning. Move in an orderly, calm and safe

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 manner to the evacuation site or to any safe place outside your evacuation zone.
Always follow the evacuation instructions of local emergency and law
enforcement authorities.
f. High, multi-story, reinforced concrete hotels are located in many low-lying Coastal
areas. The upper floors of these hotels can provide a safe place to find refuge
should there be a tsunami warning and you cannot move quickly inland to
higher ground. On the other hand, homes and small buildings located in low
lying-coastal areas are not designed to withstand tsunami impacts. Do not stay
in these structures should there be a tsunami warming.
g. Offshore reefs and shallow areas may help break the force of tsunami waves, but
large and dangerous waves can still be threat to coastal residents in these areas.
Stay away from all low-lying coastal areas when there 1s a tsunami warning.
h. If you are in a boat at sea or in a harbor, do not return to port if you are at sea
and a tsunami warning has been issued for your area. Tsunamis are
imperceptible and can cause rapid changes in water level and unpredictable
dangerous currents in harbors and ports.
Most large harbors and ports are under the control of a harbor authority and/or
a vessel traffic system. Keep in contact with the authorities should a forced
movement of vessels be directed. On the other hand, smaller ports may not be
under the control of a harbor authority. In this case, be sure you have enough
time to move your vessel safely to deep water.
Small boat owners may find it safest to leave their boat at the pier and physically
move to higher ground, particularly in the event of a locally-generated tsunami.
Severe weather conditions (rough seas outside of the harbor) could present a
greater hazard to small boats, so physically moving yourself to higher ground
may be the only option.
i. Contact the harbor authority before returning to port to verify that condition in
the harbor are safe for navigation and berthing.

Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:

_________________
Activity 7
Tsunami Alert
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer and write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your choice on the space provided before each number. (10
points)
______1. Which of the following should be done if you experience any sign of a
tsunami? A. Wait for an official evacuation orders from the authorities.
B. Stay where you are and wait until you see a huge wave before running.
C. Go down to the beach to view the retreating ocean exposing the seafloor.
D. Immediately go to higher ground.
______2. Which of the following should be done if a tsunami warning has been issued
while you are in school?
A. Follow the advice of teachers and other school personnel before making any
move.
B. Stay out of danger by doing the Duck, Cover, and Hold.
C. Run immediately out of school and go to higher ground.
D. Stay and observe what will happen next.
______3. Which of the following should be done if you experience any sign of tsunami
while you are out in the sea?
A. Stay out of danger by doing the Duck, Cover, and Hold.
B. Return to the port immediately when a tsunami warning has been issued for
the area.
C. Contact the harbor authority to verify that conditions are safe for navigation
and docking.

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 D. Immediately take the ship back and moor it on the harbors.
______4. Which of the following can cause a tsunami?
A. landslide B. Underwater earthquake
C. Volcanic eruption D. All of the above

______5. Which of the following is a common indicator of an impending tsunami?

A. Winds suddenly change direction.
B. The sky suddenly clears.
C. Seawater suddenly retreats from the shore.
D. All of the above.
______6. Which of the following statements about tsunamis is CORRECT?
A. Tsunamis generated in local locations will generally give people enough time
to move to higher ground.
B. Tsunamis are perceptible in open ocean.
C. Tsunamis are consisted of just a huge single wave.
D. Tsunami waves can be very long and be as far as one hour apart.
______7. Which of the following correctly describes the sound of a tsunami?
A. Firecrackers exploding B. Ice cracking
C. A freight train D. Nothing-there is absolute silence
______8. Which of the following is NOT a natural sign of an impending tsunami?
A. Drawback of ocean B. A loud rumbling sound
C. A felt earthquake D. Surge of cold winds
______9. Which of the following should be done if retreating ocean water is observed?
A. Check the ocean floor and the exposed reefs.
B. Stay calm and keep on swimming.
C. Watch the waves for a sudden change in level.
D. Immediately go to higher ground.
______10. Which of the following should be done if you are staying near the coastal
areas in an event of a tsunami warning?
A. Do not panic and stay inside of homes or small buildings located in low-lying
coastal areas.
B. Stay in upper floors of high, multi-story, reinforced concrete hotels for they
can provide a safe place to find refuge.
C. Wait for an official evacuation orders from the authorities
D. Wait until you observe a drawback or feel an earthquake.
II ALTERNATIVE-RESPONSE TYPE: Read the following statements. Write
TSUNAMI if the statement is true. Otherwise, write TIDAL WAVE. (5 points)
______________________1. I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.

______________________2. All undersea earthquakes cause tsunami.

______________________3. If I felt a strong earthquake while near the coast, I should

wait to hear the rumbling sound before moving to high ground.

______________________4. If a small tsunami is coming, I should get out of the water

and wait until I hear it is safe to return.

______________________5. If a big tsunami is coming, I should move as far inland as I

can or to higher ground.

Week 06—Days 1-2

Lesson 3: Earthquake Hazard Map

Hazard Map in this lesson is defined as a purposive material

or tool which provides the necessary information and guide in
procurement of peoples understanding, awareness and mitigation of the

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risks from natural hazards. It also consists of predicted risk areas, specified designed
locations (facilities and shelters) for evacuation measures. Also, hazard maps must be
easy to use and understand for immediate evacuation purposes by its users.

Note: Hazard maps can be accessible and maybe combined with the disaster management
information of the locality (i.e. evacuation site, evacuation routes etc.)

Look at the table below. It describes the hazard level associated with each
"seismic design categories" (SDC) and the associated levels of shaking. Although
stronger shaking is possible in each SDC, it is less probable than the shaking
described.

SDC Map Earthquake Hazard Potential Effects of

Color Shaking
A
White There is a very small
probability of
experiencing damaging
earthquake effects.

B
Gray You could experience Moderate shaking, felt by all,
shaking of moderate many frightened. Some heavy
intensity. furniture moved; a few instances of
fallen plaster. Damage to properties
are slight.

C
Yellow You could experience Strong shaking-damage
strong shaking. negligible in buildings of good
design and construction; slight to
moderate in well-built ordinary
structures; considerable damage in
poorly built structures.

D0
Light You could experience Very strong shaking-damage
very strong shaking (the slight in specially designed
Brown darker the color, the structures; considerable damage in
stronger the shaking). ordinary substantial buildings with
D1 partial collapse. Damage great in
Darker poorly built structures.

Brown

D2
Darkest

Brown

E
Red Very near to a major Strongest shaking-damage
active faults capable of considerable in specially designed
producing the most structures; frame structures thrown
intense shaking out of plumb. Damage great in
substantial buildings, with partial

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 collapse. Buildings shifted off
foundations. Shaking intense
enough to completely destroy
buildings.

Now, look at the map below. What have you noticed? It consists of different
colors, right? The colors in the map denote "Seismic design categories", which reflect
the likelihood of experiencing earthquake shaking of various intensities.

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Why are Hazard Maps Important?
Hazard maps are very important because it
provides us information to help not only our
family members but also other people understand
the risks of natural hazards and to help mitigate
disasters. Hazard maps indicate the extent or
expected risk areas at home and community and
can be combined with disaster management
information such as evacuation sites, evacuation
routes, and so forth.

Let's Do This!

Go around your house. Look for 10 potential hazards that may put you and
your family into danger during earthquake. (example: picture frames hangin8 on the
wall, ornamental plants on top of a cabinet, etc...)

1. ___________________________________ 6. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________ 7. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________ 8. ___________________________________

4. ___________________________________ 9. ___________________________________

5. ___________________________________ 10. __________________________________

In your DRRR notebook, make a sketch or map indicating the exact location of
those potential hazards you have identified. The map should be easy to follow and
understand. Potential hazards should be colored red and labeled properly. Safe areas
and paths should be colored blue.

Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:

_________________
Activity 8
Earthquake Hazard Maps
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer and write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your choice on the space provided before each number. (10
points)
______1. Which of the following is NOT related to an earthquake hazard map?
A. Evacuation B. Information
C. Mitigation D. Transformation
______2. In a hazard map color, what does color yellow mean?
A. Could experience strong shaking
C. Very small probability of damage
B. Could experience shaking of moderate intensity
D. Capable of producing the most intense shaking

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______3. Where can you possibly place your family hazard map?
A. Inside the cabinet
B. Inside a plastic bottle
C. A place where children cannot reach
D. A place that is accessible to every member of the family
______4. Which of the following characteristics can be considered in preparing a
hazard map?
A. The map can only be understood by the parents
B. The map can only be understood by the barangay officials
C. The map must be easy to use and understand by the members of the family
D. All of the above
______5. In an earthquake, the most intense shaking can be represented by what
color? A. Brown B. Gray
C. Red D. Yellow
______6. Which of the following is a material or tool which provides you the necessary
information and guide in procurement of peoples understanding, awareness and
mitigation of the risks from natural hazards?
A. Hearsay B. Map
C. Gossip D. Fake news
______7. In an earthquake, which of the following color describe a very small
probability of experiencing damaging earthquake effects?
A. brown B. Map
C. Red D. White
______8. Building design and construction professionals use SDC's specified in
building codes to determine the level of seismic resistance required for new
buildings. What is SDC stance for?
A. Seismic Designated Categories B. Seismic Design Categories
C. Seismic Denoted Categories D. None of the above
______9. Which of the following is considered in a hazard mapping?
A. Potential hazard B. Money
C. Valuable materials D. Compass
______10. Which of the following is the role of a hazard map?
A. For immediate evacuation purposes
B. Going to the evacuation center becomes easier
C. It will lead you to a safety route
D. All of the above

Week 06—Day 3
Effects of Different Earthquake Hazards
On the previous lesson you learned the different parts of an earthquake and
various potential earthquake hazards. Earthquake is considered as one of geologic
hazards. It is a natural phenomenon that can occur in different parts of the world. It
1s considered as one of the most disastrous phenomena as it can kill thousands of
people in a glance. In a record, the deadliest earthquake happened last January 23,
1556 at Shensi, China where the magnitude 8 earthquake recorded about 830,000
deaths. On December 26, 2004 at Sumatra, Indonesia, the 9.1 magnitude earthquake
recorded about 227, 898 deaths, and on January 12, 2010 at Haiti a 7.0 magnitude
earthquake recorded about 222, 570 deaths. We are always warned by the Department
of Science and Technology—Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(DOST-PHILVOCS) about the possible coming of The Big One", the question is what
are the possible effects of an earthquake once it strikes the country? In this module
you will able to identify earthquake potential hazard and its effects and identify the
different earthquake related hazards that can affect your home and/or community.
Ground Shaking
Disruptive up, down and sideways vibration or movement of the ground during an
earthquake.

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 Effects: Damage, falling or collapse structure resulted by shaking of grounds.
Ground shaking is a hazard created by earthquakes and at the same time it can
also be triggered for other hazard such as liquefaction, landslide and fires.
Ground Rupture Deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault
with the earth's surface. Ruptures occur along zones of weakness, such as preexisting
faults or fractures.
Effects: fissuring, displacement of the ground due to movement of the fault.
Characteristics of Ground Rupture
Length-It depends on the magnitude of an earthquake. Earthquake with 6.5
magnitudes and above will result to larger rupture.
Width-deformation along the length of ground rupture also largely depend
on the type of faulting.

Two type of Ground Ruptures

Vertical Displacement-occurs when one side of the ground goes up or down or
both sides move with one side going up and the other going down.
Horizontal Displacement-happens when there is lateral movement from side to
side; one side goes to left or right or both moves sideways in different directions.

Liquefaction
Transformation of the behavior of a body of sediments or soil form to liquid form. It
is a process caused by water pressure which makes soil more loose. ground's ability to
support structures.
Effects: sinking and/or titling of structure above it; sand boil; fissuring
Tsunami
Series of waves caused by an earthquake under the sea. Wave's height could be
greater than 5 meters. It is also known as tidal waves.
Effects: flooding, coastal erosion; drowning of people and damage to properties
A tsunami event in the country happened last August 17, 1976, where a
magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Moro Gulf produced up to 9-meter high tsunamis
that devastated the southwest coast of Mindanao and left more than 3,000
people dead and at least 1,000 people are missing.
Earthquake-induced Landslide
Down slope movements of rocks and other debris commonly triggered by strong
shaking. It may include soil, debris, and/ or rocks. It may include soil, debris and or
rocks.
Effects: erosion, burial and blockage of road and rivers

Name: _________________________________________ Year/Sec:

_________________
Activity 9
Effects of Earthquake
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer and write the
CAPITAL LETTER of your choice on the space provided before each number. (10
points)
______1. If ground shaking is vibration or movement of the ground during an
earthquake, how about liquefaction?
A. Magma rises to the surface.
B. The soil behaves like liquid.
C. The rock boulders behave like liquid.
D. Buildings are damaged, crumbling like liquid.
______2. What is a large ocean wave that result from an underwater earthquake,
landslide or volcanic eruption?
A. Aftershock B. Seismic Gap
C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami

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______3. What is the temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the
property of a liquid?
A. Aftershock B. Seismic Gap
C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami
______4. What is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake?
A. Aftershock B. Seismic Gap
C. Tsunami D. Liquefaction
______5. Waves created by earthquakes that travel through earth's interior and along
Earth's surface are called __________.
A. energy waves B. sound waves
C. light waves D. seismic waves
______6. It is a potential hazard that can also triggered for other hazard such as
liquefaction, landslide and fires.
A. Ground Rupture B. Ground Shaking
C. Landslide D. Tsunami

______7. What is the difference between vertical and horizontal displacement?

A. Vertical Displacement happens when one side of the ground goes up or down
or both sides while Horizontal Displacement happens when there 1s
lateral movement from side to side.
B. Vertical Displacement happens when there is lateral movement from side to
side while Horizontal Displacement occurs when one side of the ground
goes up or down or both sides
C. Both A and B are correct
D. Both A and B are incorrect
______8. The following are quick preparedness response to do after an earthquake
EXCEPT __________.
A. Check your surroundings.
B. Obey public safety procedure.
C. Use elevators instead of stairs to escape a building.
D. If you're inside a structure, take the fastest and safest way out.
______9. It can cause buildings to collapse, divide roads and displaced pattern of rice
fields
A. Ground Rupture B. Ground Shaking
C. Landslide D. Tsunami
______10. It is an effect of earthquake hazard that causes erosion, burial and blockage
of road and rivers.
A. Ground Rupture B. Ground Shaking
C. Landslide D. Tsunami

Week 06—Day 4
Lesson 4: Precautionary Measures for Earthquakes
Earthquakes can be devastating disasters, but everyone who takes
appropriate earthquake safety precautions can minimize damages,
injuries, and other potential quake concerns. It can help to have valuable
tips on ways to keep your family safe before, during and after a quake.

Taking Earthquake Precautions Before an Earthquake

There is no effective warning system for earthquakes, which makes preliminary
precautions even more critical. There are many things families and individuals can do
to prepare for an earthquake. Taking earthquake precautions ensures that you, your
family, and your pets can all remain as safe as possible in the event of an earthquake
Prepare Your Home

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 Getting your house ready for an
earthquake can save you from dealing
with a lot of damage should a large
earthquake hit. To do so:
 Install latches on cupboard doors
to prevent them from opening
during a quake.
 Use non-skid shelf liners for
kitchen and bathroom
cupboards, medicine cabinets,
and closet shelves.
 Store heavy items or glassware in
lower cabinets so they do not become dangerous projectiles.
 Update home insurance policies to adequately cover building costs, possession
replacement, and injury deductibles.
 Secure large appliances such as refrigerators, water heaters, air conditioners,
and other bulky items with straps, bolts, and other stabilizing methods.
 Be sure both old and new buildings meet earthquake construction
requirements.
 Do not put heavy artwork, mirrors, or shelves over beds.
 Firmly secure bookcases, artwork, mounted televisions and other objects to
withstand as much shaking as possible.
 Take clear photos of valuables as a record for insurance purposes.
Keep Yourself and Your Family Safe
Preparing for an earthquake ahead of time can be tricky if you have several family
members to keep track of when it happens. To stay organized and ready to go:
 Prepare an earthquake emergency kit with non-perishable food, bottled water,
copies of important documents (birth certificates, prescriptions, insurance
papers, etc.), flashlights, first aid materials, blankets, spare glasses, and other
essential items and store it where it will be easily accessible in case of a quake.
 Keep cell phones charged and replace emergency kit supplies as necessary to
keep them usable.
 Plan alternative commuting routes in case an earthquake damages roads.
 Set up a family meeting location in a safe area.
 Teach all family members basic first aid, how to behave during a quake, and
what to do after a quake.

Prepare Your Pets

Your pets are part of the family, so make sure they'll be safe and ready when the
time comes.
 Have an emergency kit packed for your pet including their shot records, proof of
ownership, medications, food and water bowls, and a week supply of food. If
possible, you can also have a small spare dog bed and foldable crate ready to go
in case of emergency.
 Make sure all of your pets have collars with your updated contact information
on a tag and appropriate leashes or carriers. Don't forget to keep extra poop
bags in your pet' s emergency kit or a spare litter box and litter for cats.
 Get all of your pets micro-chipped and keep the chip number with your pet’s
records.

During an Earthquake
Earthquakes can last just
a few seconds or as long as
several minutes, and knowing
how to react during the quake
can help prevent injuries:

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  Immediately seek a safe location such as in a doorway (if you live in an old,
adobe house that is not reinforced), beneath the table or desk, or along an
interior wall away from windows or hazardous objects.
 Cover the back of your head
and your eyes to minimize
injury from flying debris.
 Do not take elevators during
an earthquake.
 If cooking, turn off heating
elements immediately.
 Stay calm and brace yourself
to keep your balance, sitting if possible.
 If you have young children or live with elderly individuals who may need
assistance staying safe, get to them as quickly as possible to help them find a
safe location. If you are unable to reach them safely, locate them as soon as the
earthquake is over and check for injuries.
After an Earthquake
Quick thinking after an earthquake hits can minimize immediate dangers.
Proper earthquake safety precautions after a tremor include the following:

 Be prepared for aftershocks, which may be stronger than the initial jolt.
 Tend injuries immediately and summon emergency assistance it necessary.
 Check for structural damage, but do not enter a building that shows damage or
has visible cracks in the walls or foundation.
 Wear shoes at all times to avoid stepping on broken glass.
 Turn off gas, electricity, and water if damage is suspected or if advised to do so
by authorities.
 Be cautious opening cabinets, cupboards, and closets in case items may be
poised to fall.
 Keep phone lines clear for emergency use.
 Be patient: It may take hours or days to restore all services depending on the
severity of the quake.

Post-Earthquake First Aid

After an earthquake you, a friend or family member, or a pet may have
sustained some injuries. Post-earthquake be sure to:
 Check for superficial injuries including cuts, gashes, and bumps. As soon as
possible, clean wounds and dress them appropriately.
 Check for more intense injuries like a concussion and serious bodily injuries.
 If you determine that an injury is serious and you need to call for emergency
assistance, be sure to let the operator know if the individual is breathing, has a
pulse, and has any bodily injuries.
 If someone hit their head and is not acting like their usual self, be sure to call
an ambulance right away. To check someone's mental status ask them their
name, if they know the date, if they know what just happened, and if they know
a few basic facts about themselves. Relay this information to the emergency
medical technicians upon arrival.
 In the event that you decided to call an ambulance and are waiting with a
conscious, injured individual be sure to try to remain calm and let them know
that help is on the way. Try to talk with them in a soothing tone and ensure
them that help is near and that you will wait with them until it arrives.
 If your pet sustains an injury, contact your vet immediately to schedule an
appointment. If the injury is serious, take your pet on leash or in a crate to the
closest emergency animal hospital.

What To Do if You're Outside

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 If you're outside during an earthquake, there are a few safety tips to keep in
mind. Remember to:
 If outdoors, stay in open areas away from buildings, power lines, trees, and
other potential hazards.
 If driving, stop quickly but safely and stay in the vehicle. Do not stop near power
lines, bridges, overpasses, or other potentially dangerous locations.
 Be mindful of damaged roads or sidewalks after the earthquake and proceed
with caution.

Being Prepared Can Mean the Difference Between Life and Death
An earthquake can be a terrifying event. By taking proper safety precautions, you
can help limit that terror through careful planning and organization. Hold occasional
earthquake drills so your family knows exactly what they should do in the event a
quake strike. This will increase the odds that everyone survives unharmed.

Post-Test

Let’s Check What You’ve Learned!

############################################################
I MULTIPLE CHOICE: Carefully read the following items and encircle the letter
of the best answer. (10 points)
______1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
B. Stay away from buildings when there is ground shaking.
C. I should use elevator to escape the building during earthquake.
D. I should stay near trees and power lines during ground rupture
______2. PHIVOLCS stands for __________?
A. Philippine Institute of Volcanoes and Seismology
B. Philippines Instrument of Volcanology and Seismology
C. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
D. Philippines Institute of Volcanoes and Seismic
______3. Earthquakes are common in the Philippines because it is located in
__________.
A. Southeast Asia B. Pacific Ocean
C. Pacific Ring of Fire D. Earthquake Prone Area
______4. Who among Jay, Ann, Ruth, and Locke did the wrong thing during an
earthquake?
A. Jay is outside. He takes shelter under trees, power lines and posts.
B. Ann is in shoreline. She runs away from the shore toward higher ground.
C. Ruth is inside the building. She uses the stairs to get out.
D. Locke is inside the car. He avoids crossing the bridges and overpass.
______5. Which of the following should NOT be done if a tsunami warning has been
issued while you are at home?
A. Make sure your entire family is aware of the issue.
B. Follow the orders of the local authorities.
C. Move in an orderly, calm and safe manner to the evacuation site or to any
sate place outside your evacuation zone.
D. Wait for evacuation orders by the authority especially if you live near the
coast. ______6. Which of the following is NOT an earthquake-induced hazard?
A. Landslide
B. Tsunami
C. Ground displacement
D. Typhoon
______7. Which of the following should be done after a felt earthquake while you are at
the beach?

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 A. Protect yourself by doing the Drop, Cover, and Hold.
B. Stay calm and wait for the roaring sound before evacuating.
C. Always look behind to see if a tsunami is behind you.
D. Immediately go to higher ground.
______8. Which of the following should NOT be done in preparation of a tsunami?
A. Prepare things to include in your emergency or survival kit.
B. Practice with all your family members the evacuation routes and sites in case
an evacuation is issued.
C. Go to higher ground and away from the shore immediately.
D. Make a copy of the contact numbers of emergency hotlines.
______9. Which of the following should NOT be done if you are in harbor during a
tsunami?
A. Leave your boat at pier.
B. You may move your vessel to deep water if there is enough time.
C. Physically move to higher ground especially in the event of a locally generated
tsunami.
D) Wait for the official orders of the harbor authority.

______10. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Tsunamis generated in distant locations will generally give people enough
time to move to higher ground.
B. You may only have a few minutes to move to higher ground if a local tsunami
is generated.
C. A tsunami from a local earthquake could strike some areas before a tsunami
warning could be announced.
D. Earthquakes can cause rapid changes in water level and unpredictable
dangerous currents in harbors and ports.

DRRR 11 & 12 Module 1 Answer Key

BAGUIO PATRIOTIC HIGH SCHOOL

#21 Harrison Road, Baguio City
Senior High School Department
SY 2020-2021

Activity 1 Activity 2
A B C D
1. Weak Governance
1. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
2. Climate Change
2. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
3. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ] 3. Poorly planned and
Managed Urban Development
4. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
4. Poverty and Inequality
5. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]
5. Globalized Economic Development
6. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
6. Environmental Degradation
7. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
8. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ] 7. Climate Change
9. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x] 8. Poorly planned and Managed Urban
Development
10. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]
9. Weak Governance
10. Environmental Degradation
Activity 3 Activity 4
A B C D
1. EXPOSURE 1. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]

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2. DISASTER RISK 2. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
3. VULNERABILITY 3. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
4. INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE 4. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
5. POTENTIAL DISPLACEMENT 5. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
6. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
7. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
8. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
9. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
10. [x] [ ] [ ] [ ]
11. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]
12. [ ] [x] [ ] [ ]
13. [ ] [ ] [ ] [x]
14. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]
15. [ ] [ ] [x] [ ]

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