DRRR - Q1 - Week 7a

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction – Grade 11/12
Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 1 – Week 7a: Earthquake Hazard Maps
First Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets
Writer: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte

Regional Level Validators: Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña
Rex M. Andante, Jr.
Rey Julius Ranoco
Pejie Ann S. Cornites
Cesar F. Navales, Jr.
Yvonne S. Salubre
Jeremaeh Delosa
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Jennyvi H. Papellero
Ace Michael Magalso
Management Team: Minerva T. Albis, PhD Schools Division Superintendent

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Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 1

School/Station: Butuan City School of Arts and Trades
Division: Butuan City
email address: propserolukegodfrey.caberte@deped.gov.ph
WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction 11/12, Quarter 1, Week 7a
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPS
Name: _______________________________________ Section: _________________
Most Essential Learning Competency:

Interpret different earthquake hazard maps. (DRR11/12-If-g-20)
Learning Objectives:
The learners shall be able to:
1. identify different parts found in an earthquake hazard map;
2. evaluate the community’s exposure to hazard by using earthquake hazard maps; and
3. recognize the importance of using earthquake hazard maps in the preparation of
earthquake-related disaster plan.
Time Allotment: 2 hours
Key Concepts:
What are Hazard Maps?
• Hazard Maps are maps that highlight areas that are affected by or are vulnerable to
particular hazard.
• They are typically created for natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanoes,
landslides, flooding and tsunamis.
• Hazard maps help prevent serious damage and deaths.
• An Earthquake Hazard Map is an example of a typical hazard map that focuses on
earthquake-related potential risks associated with a particular place being
emphasized by using different elements such as colors and symbols found within the
map.
• Below is an example of an earthquake-related hazard map focusing on the presence
and distribution of active faults found in the Philippines. Notice the symbols that are
being used to represent the faults.

Figure 1. Example of an Earthquake Hazard Map
Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS

Magnitude versus Intensity
• Before using a hazard map, we should first differentiate the term Magnitude with
Intensity. You may have heard these words during a news broadcast about an
earthquake incident.
• Magnitude of an earthquake refers to the amount of energy released, measured by
the amount of ground displacement or shaking. It is calculated based on record of
the earthquake (seismograph). It is represented by Arabic numbers (e.g., 4.8, 9.0)
• Intensity is the strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people, objects,
environment and structures in the surroundings. The intensity is generally higher
near the epicenter. It is represented by Roman Numerals (e.g., II, IV, IX).
Table 1. Magnitude Scale

Estimated Occurrence
Magnitude Earthquake Effects
Each Year
Usually not felt, but can be recorded by
2.5 or less 900,000
seismograph.
Often felt, but only causes minor
2.5 to 5.4 30,000
damage.
Slight damage to buildings and other
5.5 to 6.0 500
structures.
May cause a lot of damage in very
6.1 to 6.9 100
populated areas.
7.0 to 7.9 Major earthquake. Serious damage. 20
Great earthquake. Can totally destroy
8.0 or greater Once every 5 to 10 years
communities near the epicenter.
Table 2. PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)

Intensity
Shaking Description
Scale
Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances.
Scarcely
I Delicately balanced objects are disturbed slightly. Still Water
Perceptible
in containers oscillates slowly.
Felt by few individuals at rest indoors. Hanging objects
II Slightly Felt
swing slightly. Still water in containers oscillates noticeably.
Felt by many people indoors especially in upper floors of
buildings. Vibration is felt like one passing of a light truck.
III Weak Dizziness and nausea are experienced by some people.
Hanging objects swing moderately. Still water in containers
oscillates moderately.
Felt generally by people indoors and by some people
outdoors. Light sleepers are awakened. Vibration is felt like a
Moderately passing of heavy truck. Hanging objects swing considerably.
IV
Strong Dinner, plates, glasses, windows and doors rattle. Floors and
walls of wood framed buildings creak. Standing motor cars
may rock slightly. Liquids in containers are slightly

disturbed. Water in containers oscillate strongly. Rumbling
sound may sometimes be heard.
Generally felt by most people indoors and outdoors. Many
sleeping people are awakened. Some are frightened, some
run outdoors. Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout
building. Hanging objects swing violently. Dining utensils
V Strong
clatter and clink; some are broken. Small, light and unstable
objects may fall or overturn. Liquids spill from filled open
containers. Standing vehicles rock noticeably. Shaking of
leaves and twigs of trees are noticeable.
Many people are frightened; many run outdoors. Some
people lose their balance. motorists feel like driving in flat
tires. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted.
Small church bells may ring. Wall plaster may crack. Very
VI Very Strong old or poorly built houses and man-made structures are
slightly damaged though well-built structures are not
affected. Limited rockfalls and rolling boulders occur in hilly
to mountainous areas and escarpments. Trees are noticeably
shaken.
Most people are frightened and run outdoors. People find it
difficult to stand in upper floors. Heavy objects and furniture
overturn or topple. Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly-
built structures suffer considerable damage. Some well-built
structures are slightly damaged. Some cracks may appear
VII Destructive
on dikes, fish ponds, road surface, or concrete hollow block
walls. Limited liquefaction, lateral spreading and landslides
are observed. Trees are shaken strongly. (Liquefaction is a
process by which loose saturated sand lose strength during
an earthquake and behave like liquid).
People are panicking. People find it difficult to stand even
outdoors. Many well-built buildings are considerably
damaged. Concrete dikes and foundation of bridges are
destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks are
bent or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or
overturned. Utility posts, towers and monuments may tilt or
Very topple. Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted or
VIII
Destructive broken. Liquefaction and lateral spreading cause man-made
structure to sink, tilt or topple. Numerous landslides and
rockfalls occur in mountainous and hilly areas. Boulders are
thrown out from their positions particularly near the
epicenter. Fissures and faults rapture may be observed.
Trees are violently shaken. Water splash or stop over dikes
or banks of rivers.
People are forcibly thrown to ground. Many cry and shake
with fear. Most buildings are totally damaged. Bridges and
IX Devasting
elevated concrete structures are toppled or destroyed.
Numerous utility posts, towers and monument are tilted,

toppled or broken. Water sewer pipes are bent, twisted or
broken. Landslides and liquefaction with lateral spreading
and sand boils are widespread. The ground is distorted into
undulations. Trees are shaken very violently with some
toppled or broken. Boulders are commonly thrown out. River
water splashes violently on slopes over dikes and banks.
Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. Massive
landslides and liquefaction, large scale subsidence and
Completely uplifting of land forms and many ground fissures are
X
Devasting observed. Changes in river courses and destructive seiches
in large lakes occur. Many trees are toppled, broken and
uprooted.
Parts of Earthquake Hazard Map
• In order to utilize Earthquake Hazard Map, we must identify its parts. Please see
Figure 2 on the next page for reference:
1. Title. Every map needs a title. The title indicates the theme of the map,
explaining what represented in the image you see.
2. Data Frame. Is the portion of the map that displays the data layers. This
section is the most important and central focus of the map document.
3. Map Scale. Explains the relationships of the data frame extent to the real
world. This can be shown either as a unit to unit or as one
measurement to another measurement.
4. Legend. Serves as the decoder for the symbology in the data frame. Therefore,
it is also commonly known as the key. Descriptions detailing any color
schemata, symbology or categorization is explained here.
5. Citation. The citation portion of a map constitutes the metadata of the map.
This is the area where explanatory data about the data sources and
currency, projection information any caveats are placed. Citations help
the viewer determine the use of the map of their own purposes.
6. Inset Map. Is a smaller map featured on the same page as the main map. It is
used as a locator map that shows the area of the main map in a
broader, more familiar geographical frame of reference.

1
3
6
4 5
3
5 Figure 2. Active Fault Hazard Map of Agusan del Sur

• Below are the examples of some Earthquake Hazard Maps in Caraga Region:
Bilabid Island,
Tagana-an,
Surigao del Norte
Figure 3. Earthquake-
induced Landslide Hazard
Map of City

Sample Interpretation of Figure 3 – Earthquake-induced landside Hazard Map (See page 7):
• Earthquake-induced landslide hazard map was produced by simulating the largest
possible earthquake magnitude occurring in the area. Landslide potential were
calculated using a) the computed Factor of Safety (FoS), b) simulated ground shaking
by Fukushima and Tanaka, and c) critical acceleration of slope by Newmark method.
The result shows the possible landslide initiation zones at varying degrees, areas colored
as “Red”  depicts High Susceptibility, “Purple”  depicts Moderate Susceptibility,
“Yellow”  depicts Low Susceptibility, and “White”  depicts areas that are not
Susceptible to any Earthquake-induced Landslide. Hachured (shaded) areas show
the possible deposition extent of landslide materials and is considered part of the areas
that may be affected by landslides.
• In the map above, the arrow pointed in the Bilabid Island of Tagana-an, Surigao del
Norte is colored as white, depicting that this area is “Not Susceptible” with earthquake-
induced landslide. Try to point out familiar places that depicts “High”, “Moderate” and
“Low” Susceptibility.
Sample Interpretation of Figure 4 – Ground Shaking Hazard Map (See page 9):
• An M7.9 movement of the Philippine fault zone is simulated. Areas colored with “Yellow”
 depicts PEIS Intensity lower than VI, “Purple”  depicts PEIS Intensity VI, “Pink” 
depicts PEIS Intensity VII and “Red”  depicts PEIS Intensity VIII and above.
• In the map below, the arrow pointed in Punta Bilar of Surigao City is colored as red,
depicting that this area is likely to experience PEIS Intensity VIII and above if an
earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 will occur.
Sample Interpretation of Figure 5 – Liquefaction Hazard Map (See page 10):

• The map was based on the geology, presence of active faults, historical accounts of
liquefaction, geomorphology and hydrology of the area, and preliminary microtremor
survey data utilized to validate type of underlying materials
• This map is semi-detailed and may be used for land use, emergency response and
mitigation planning, and should not be used for site specific evaluation.
• The liquefaction hazard maps do not restrict construction of any structures and
development in areas susceptible to liquefaction as long as proper engineering
considerations are applied.
• In figure 5, the arrow pointed in Tinago Island (Big Tinago) of Tagana-an, Surigao del
Norte is neither colored red, purple, nor yellow, thus suggesting that the area has no
susceptibility for ground liquefaction.
Sample Interpretation of Figure 6 – Tsunami Hazard Map (See page 11):

• This tsunami hazard map is an enhancement of the 2007 DOST – PHIVOLCS Tsunami
Hazard Map.
• The original indicative map was based on maximum computed wave height and
inundation using possible worst-case scenarios from major offshore source zones.
• For Surigao del Norte Province, the tsunami wave height and inundation distance were
previously computed based on Magnitude 8, shallow-depth earthquake along the
Philippine Trench.

• The Inundation extent of the 2007 DOST – PHIVOLCS Tsunami Hazard Map was
determined using pre-1990 1:50,000 topographic maps. In the 2019 tsunami hazard
maps, the inundation extent is based on data from 2013 Interferometric Synthetic
Aperture Radar Digital Terrain Model (IfSAR-DTM, 2013). The surface roughness of
inundated areas is assumed to be grasslands in the computation of inundation distance.
Punta Bilar,
Surigao City
Figure 4. Ground Shaking Hazard Map of Surigao City


Tinago Island,
Taganaan,
Surigao del Norte
Figure 5. Liquefaction
Hazard Map Surigao
City
Source: DOST-
PHIVOLCS

Figure 6. Tsunami Hazard Map of Surigao City
• Community’s exposure to hazards is described differently depending on the type of
earthquake hazards.
o Intensity is used to describe the community’s exposure to earthquake hazards,
specifically ground shaking.
o Susceptibility is used to describe the community’s exposure to Liquefaction
and earthquake-induced landslides.

o Tsunami Inundation is used to describe as the long distance the community’s
exposure to tsunami incidents. “Inundation” is the result of a tsunami traveling
a long distance inland and is a horizontal measurement of the path of the
tsunami.
Activity 1. Parts of Earthquake Hazard Map
Objective: Identify different parts found in an earthquake hazard map.

What you need: Paper and Pen
What to do:
1. Carefully analyze the Earthquake Hazard Map below. Then, identify the numbered parts
of the map.
2. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Guide Question:
Why is it important to familiarize the different parts of an Earthquake Hazard Map?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
(See Scoring Rubric in page 14)

Activity 2. Community Exposure
Objective: Evaluate the community’s exposure to hazards by using earthquake hazard

maps.
What you need: Pen and Paper
What to do:
1. Go back to the Key Concepts and study the four (4) hazard maps of Surigao City (see Figures
3, 4, 5 and 6), particularly the Kabo Island (pointed by the black arrow below).
2. Each map shows unique earthquake-related hazards represented by colors and symbols.
Look for the Legends and Susceptibility.
3. By using the earthquake hazard maps, evaluate the community’s exposure to hazards.
Answer Table 3. Community Hazard Exposure of Kabo Island, Surigao City. The answer for
the Earthquake-induced landslide is already given for reference.
4. Answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Table 3. Community Hazard Exposure of Kabo Island, Surigao City.

Intensity/Susceptibility/Tsunami
Hazards
Inundation
Earthquake-induced landslide Not Susceptible
Ground Shaking
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Figure 7. Screenshot of Surigao City

Source: Google Map

Guide Questions:
Q1. Where is your place of residence?

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q2. Is your community exposed to earthquake-induced hazards? If yes, enumerate them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is the significance of using an earthquake hazard map in relation to identified
earthquake-induce hazards in your community?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric for Activity 1, Guide Question and Activity 2, Guide Question - Q3
Points Description
3 Explanation is conceptually correct and complete.
2 Explanation is conceptually correct but incomplete.
1 Explanation is conceptually incorrect.
Reflection:
Earthquake hazard maps are necessary in making a disaster preparedness plan. Is it

possible to make disaster preparedness plan without hazard maps? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Scoring Rubric
Points Description
Practical application is scientifically explained consistent with the
3
concepts and has no misconception.
2
concepts, but with minimal misconception.
1
concepts, but with misconceptions.
0 No discussion.
References:
Aurelio, Mario A., Dianala, John Dale B., Bagtasa, Gerry, Morante, Karizz Anne L., Villegas, Ma.
Mylene M., Zarco, Mark Albert H., Fernandez, Marianne V., Bacolcol, Teresito C. 2017.
“Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction Teacher’s Guide.” 44 – 48. Pasig City: Department
of Education

16 Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte
Activity 2. Community Exposure
Expected Answer:
Hazard Intensity/Susceptibility/Tsunami Inundation
Earthquake-induced landslide Not Susceptible
Ground Shaking PEIS Intensity VIII & above
Liquefaction High Susceptibility
Tsunami 4 to 4.9 meters
Guide Questions:
Q1. Answers may vary.
Q2. Answers may vary.
Q3. Answers may vary. But an ideal response should go like this: Earthquake hazard maps provide important
information to help people understand the risks of earthquake-related hazards and help mitigate
disasters. Earthquake Hazard Maps indicate the extent of expected risk area, and can be combined with
disaster management information such as evacuation sites, evacuation routes, and so forth.
Activity 1. Parts of Earthquake Hazard Map
Your Answer:
1.Data Frame
2.Title
3.Legend
4.Citation
5.Inset Map
6.Map Scaling/Bar Scale
7.Citation
8.Map Scaling/Ratio Scale
Guide Question: Answer may vary.
Answer Key:

DRRR - Q1 - Week 7a

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction – Grade 11/12

Learner Activity Sheets

First Edition, 2021

Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte

Management Team: Minerva T. Albis, PhD Schools Division Superintendent

Printed in the Philippines by:

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 1

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Time Allotment: 2 hours

What are Hazard Maps?

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 2

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 3

Table 1. Magnitude Scale

Table 2. PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 4

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 5

Parts of Earthquake Hazard Map

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 6

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 7

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 8

Sample Interpretation of Figure 5 – Liquefaction Hazard Map (See page 10):

Sample Interpretation of Figure 6 – Tsunami Hazard Map (See page 11):

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 9

Figure 4. Ground Shaking Hazard Map of Surigao City

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 10

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 11

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 12

Activity 1. Parts of Earthquake Hazard Map

Objective: Identify different parts found in an earthquake hazard map.

Why is it important to familiarize the different parts of an Earthquake Hazard Map?

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 13

Objective: Evaluate the community’s exposure to hazards by using earthquake hazard

Table 3. Community Hazard Exposure of Kabo Island, Surigao City.

Figure 7. Screenshot of Surigao City

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 14

Q1. Where is your place of residence?

Earthquake hazard maps are necessary in making a disaster preparedness plan. Is it

Author: For. Propsero Luke Godfrey T. Caberte 15

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