Kimberly T.

Lucenada
STEM – 12
DISASTER RISK READINESS AND REDUCTION
MODULE 9 – THE ELEMENTS OF FIRE TRIANGLE

WHAT’S IN
1. What are the two main types of disaster?
The two main types of disaster are the natural disaster and the man-made disaster.
2. For you, to which type does fire belong?
Fire can be both natural and man-made. Outdoors will be your forest fires or
wildfires (natural). Indoors will be building fires and house fires (man-made). 
3. Give five common causes of fire incident.
1) Lightning (natural)
2) Candles (man-made)
3) Faulty wirings (man-made)
4) Flammable liquids (man-made)
5) Volcanic Activities (natural)
4. How will you compare a fire’s extent of damage to that of other types of disaster?
Fire is the only one that is both beneficial to man and his environment but
destructive and deadly if not controlled. Unlike any other disaster like typhoon, it
also brings huge damage but it leaves soon. Fire extent of damage covers widely
because it continuously spreads if not treated with water.
5. List 5 important safety tips that you know about fire prevention.
These are my 5 commonly known safety tips about fire protection.
1) Do not leave any of your cooking unattended.
2) If you smoke, do it outside, not on the location where it can easily catch fire.
3) Avoid overloading outlets. It can cause fire anytime.
4) Keep candles away from anything that can burn. Don’t leave candles unattended.
5) Don’t leave your gas stove or gas tank open.

WHAT’S NEW
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. LIE
5. LIE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. LIE

WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1.1 (WORD HUNT)
1. LUMBER
2. GASOLINE
3. GAS
4. PAPER
5. RUBBER

QUESTION: How can you describe the items that you have found? How will you compare these
items? Do these items differ from each other in terms of fire rate? How?
These items can all serve as fuel to ignite a fire.
1. LUMBER – Lumber is a wood that cut into logs for structural purposes. Lumber can
cause Class A fire, involves ordinary combustible materials. Class A flame spread is
0-25 and smoke developed of 0-450.

2. GASOLINE/GAS – Gas is a fuel made from crude oil and other petroleum liquids. Gas
can cause Class B fire, refers to flammable liquids. Class B flame spread is 26-75
and smoke developed of 0-450.

3. PAPER – Paper is a material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or
other fibrous substances. Just like lumber, paper can cause Class A fire, involves
ordinary combustible materials. Class A flame spread is 0-25 and smoke developed
of 0-450.

4. RUBBER – Rubber is a tough elastic polymeric substance made in latex. Just like
lumber and paper, rubber can cause Class A fire, involves ordinary combustible
materials. Class A flame spread is 0-25 and smoke developed of 0-450.

WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1.2 MY FIRE SAFETY MEME
WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1.3 FIRE PRONE AREAS

We can see that the two pictures depicts different location and position of the
houses. In picture A, we can see that the houses there are not close to each other.
There are a lot of open spaces also. While on picture B, we can see that the houses
there are close to each other. And also, there are a lot of houses in only one location so
there is lack of open spaces there.

If we talk about the presence of ingredients of fire, we can all agree that Picture B have
more possibility of widespread fire due to a lot of adjoining houses there. And if we talk
about the ability to give-off more fire, basically, it is also on Picture B because each
houses will contribute to the expansion of fire. The more houses be burned, the more
fire will be created. While on the progression of fire through different stages in both
residential areas, it is on Picture B also because the more houses be burned, the more
wide progression of fire is.

While on the other hand, if we talk about easy access for responding fire fighters, I can
totally agree that it can be applied more on Picture A. If one of the houses there are on
fire, it will not easily scatter because the houses there are not close to each other. The
fire fighters can easily respond to it because there’s a lot of open spaces there
compared to Picture B. The Picture A will not give off more fire unlike Picture B.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermal chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

Fire has three elements or ingredients namely fuel, heat and oxygen. All the three
elements/ingredients of fire must come in a certain amount to cause fire and absence of at least
one element can put out the fire.

While not everything is known about the combustion process, it is generally accepted that fire is a
chemical reaction. This reaction is dependent upon a material rapidly undergoing combustion
process- a process that involves loss of electrons, or uniting with oxygen so rapidly that it
produces heat and flame.

ASSESSMENT
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. D
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. B
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
In the first part of the song, the singer describes how he was in love, but his friends
just told him he was blind to the truth; "When your heart's on fire [a metaphor for being in
love] / You must realize / Smoke gets in your eyes". The fire in the singer's heart is creating
smoke which is making him blind.

In the second part of the song, his girlfriend has left him, and this is making him cry.
He says the "lovely flame has died" -- and when you extinguish a candle flame, it often
gives off a lot of smoke. So now the smoke is a result of the end of his love. When
somebody asks him why he is crying, he will say it's because of the smoke in his eyes;
they will think he's talking literally about cigarette smoke, but really he's talking
metaphorically.

The first half is about how you're madly in love, and how the smoke prevents you from
seeing clearly. While the 2nd half, your heart is broken, and now the smoke that was
blocking your vision goes into your eyes and makes you start crying.