11/12

DRRR
Quarter 1 – Module 10
Impacts of Hazards
DRRR– Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 10: Impacts of Hazards

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rudilyn D. Morales

Editors: Jose Roy S. Aguilar

Ma. Claudette C. Borrega
Jezrahel T. Omadto

Reviewers: Jezrahel T. Omadto

Language Editors: Anabel B. Terndenilla

Imee S. Gabion
Hazel Grace T. Vargas

Cover Page Artist: Princee Lee A. Burce

Layout Artist: Rudilyn D. Morales

Explain the impact of various hazards on
people and the environment
DRR11/12-Ie-16
 BEGIN!

Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

Lesson 1
Impacts of Hazard

In the previous lesson, we have learned the meaning of hazard and its
examples. In this module, we are going to analyze and explain the impacts of this
various hazards to people and the environment. Hazards can come in many forms and
can evolve, affecting human life, the environment and the society.
Hazard may be natural, anthropogenic or socionatural in origin (UNISDR,
2016). The impacts of hazards can be measured through analysis of the interaction
between the hazard and receptors.

YOUR TARGETS

Hi! I am Teacher Agha! I’m going to guide you in your

journey in this module.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

➢ Identify the various hazards on people and the environment

➢ Explain the impacts of hazards on people and the environment

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 TRY THIS!

Pre-Test
Instructions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Write the letter of your
choice on the answer sheet.
1. Natural phenomena that pose a threat or cause negative impact to people and
properties are called _________.
A. Natural hazards
B. Human-made hazards
C. Combination or socio-natural hazards
D. None of the above
2. A/An _________ is a natural hazard that can also cause flash floods.
A. typhoon C. earthquake
B. tsunami D. volcanic eruption
3. Which of the following is a human-made hazard?
A. fish kills C. drought
B. flood D. tsunami
4. The elements of society are considered at risk when they are exposed to
hazards. One of these includes physical elements EXCEPT:
A. facilities C. community structure
B. livelihood D. houses
5. Economy is one element that is also exposed to hazard. Which of the following
is an effect to the economy of a hazardous event of hazardous event?
A. loss of life
B. psychological disturbance
C. destruction of the environment
D. business interruptions due to accessibility problems

2
 DO THIS!

Hi! In this module, you are a Disaster Risk Detective! I will be

your assistant and will give you some tips and ideas on how to
improve your skills!

Draw me a scene!
WHAT TO DO:
1. Draw a map of your neighborhood, your village or your purok. Include the places where
you spend most of your time. (You may use your home as a reference for this
activity.)
2. Include natural landmarks, such as s e a s , rivers and canals, mountains and steep
hills, or coastlines, as well as major infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels), and important
public buildings (fire stations, hospitals, police stations, electrical plants, if any.) You should
also include potentially hazardous buildings, if any.
3. Once you have drawn your map, it’s time to become a disaster risk detective! Find out
which hazards your community is facing by marking them with this symbol
Which hazards is your neighborhood/village/town exposed to? Which areas will be
mostly affected if a certain hazard occurs and turns into a disaster?

______________________________________________________________________________
Which disasters have happened in the past in your area? Which sections were
mostly affected and why?

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 TRY THIS!

Let’s investigate!
Start by looking at your risk map which you have made from your previous activity.
List down what human activities make certain areas riskier and more hazardous.
(These may include clogging of rivers and canals with garbage, cutting down of
vegetation around landslide or s t e e p hills as well as harvesting of stones and
gravel from rivers)

Enumerate ways on how this certain hazard/s would be prevented or

mitigated.

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 KEEP THIS IN MIND

BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD

Hazard is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation. It may be natural, anthropogenic or manmade in origin
(UNISDR, 2016).

HAZARD is a situation that poses certain level of threat

Retrieved from
http://www.shutterstock.com>search

Natural Hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by

rapid or slow onset events which can be:
1. geophysical (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic activity)
2. hydrological (avalanches, floods)
3. climatological (extreme temperature, drought and wildfires)
4. meteorological (cyclones and storms/wave surges)
5. biological (disease, epidemics and insects/animal plagues)
Technological or manmade hazards are events that are caused by humans and
occur in or close to human settlements. This can include environmental degradation,
pollution and accidents such as:
1. complex emergencies/armed conflicts
2. famine
3. displaced populations
4. industrial accidents
5. transport accidents

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IMPACTS OF HAZARD
Impacts of hazards are measured through analysis of the interaction between
the hazard and the receptors. Receptors are the people, properties, infrastructure or
environment that may be harmed as a result of interaction of hazard.
A Hazard is a threat. A future source of danger. It has the potential to cause harm to:
o People - death, injury, disease and stress
o Human activity – economic, educational etc.
o Property - property damage, economic loss of
o Environment – loss fauna and flora, pollution, less amenities.

The elements of society are considered at risk when they are exposed to certain
hazards and there is a probability that they will be badly affected by the impact of
hazards when they happen. (Kotze and Gesit, 2006)

Certain elements at risk exposed to hazards are the following:

1. Physical
This includes facilities and services and community structures such as houses,
access roads, bridges, schools and hospitals.
Hazards may cause loss of vital infrastructure and facilities, widespread loss of
housing, loss of electrical and power stations and communication lines and key
transport infrastructure such as access roads, bridges and ports.

A coastal village ruined by a storm surge. Reuters. Retrieved from

https://typhooninfoblog.wordpress.com

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 The aftermath of Typhoon Tisoy. Toppled electric post and a toppled truck
in Guinobatan, Albay, on December, 2019. Ongjoco, Ann Gemma (December
2019).Typhoon Tisoy leaves trail of destruction across Bicol. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/246310-photos-typhoon-tisoy-trail-destruction-bicol

2. Social
This pertains to the people, which includes their lives and health, households
and the community.
In the occurrence of hazardous events, one may experience grief and
psychological trauma. Stress is also inevitable. Depression may also arise due to loss
of loved ones and properties. Health issues will also be affected in the presence of
biological hazards that may pose a threat to the health of the people.

Retrieved from https://cadisinterantional.org/it/news/depression-after-natural-

disaster-lets-talk

7
 This also may include danger from hazardous chemicals or the presence of
epidemic or pandemic in the area.
Displacement of population may also occur as people migrate to safe
environment or places. Loss of cultural identity may happen as people are forced to
adapt to a new culture.

A mother and a child in an evacuation center, one of the many

displaced families after Marawi siege. Retrieved from
https://www.icrc.org/en/document/philippines-increased-health-risks-feared-among-
people-displaced-marawi-fighting

3. Economic

It involves livelihood and economic activities which includes jobs, equipment,

production, crops, livestock, agriculture, sales, etc.

Fast food chain from Sorsogon City. Alegre, Adrian (December, 2019).
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/246310-photos-typhoon-tisoy-
trail-destruction-bicol

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 The impact of hazards may include the loss of harvest. This may be due to the
infertility of the soil which may be wiped away by floods, drought and other natural
phenomena. Loss of fishing vessels and equipment could also happen.
In some aspect, loss of job increases due to displacement.

Barren Farmland in North Cotabato dry up as high temperature

continues to prevail. Genotiva, Mara S.(March,2019) Months of Dry Spell Ruin Farmlands
in North Cotabato Town. Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/economy/agriculture/months-
of-dry-spell-ruin-farmland-northcotabato

4. Environment

This element gives emphasis to the natural environment itself. Hazards may
cause a lot of harm to the environment such as loss of forest, contamination of water
sources, loss of freshwater environments, pollution, environmental degradation and
global warming. One of the most common hazards that has a large impact in the
environment nowadays is the mining activities that cause major environmental
degradation.

Ruined river after mining activity. Traywick, C. (2012).Miners turn

CDO’s Iponan River delta into a wasteland.Retrieved from
https://www.mindanews.com/environment/2012/10/miners-turns-cdos-iponan-
river-delta-wasteland

9
 A trash picker at Manila waterway. Judgefloro(2019). Retrieved from
https://news.mongobay.com/2019/12/philippines-mayors-under-fire-from-
environment-department-over-opendumpsites/amp/

Magnitude is an important characteristic for analyzing hazards since only

occurrences exceeding some defined level of magnitude are considered hazardous.

The level of harm is governed by:

Magnitude of the hazard
Frequency of hazard or recurrence
Intensity at the impact point

10
 DO THIS

Search and Rescue!

Instructions: Look for the words that could be relevant to hazards and its impacts. There are 15 words
to be found. Search horizontally and diagonally.

E N V I R O N M E N T A L T B U T E L M

O P Q T A S T V Q A R E V C I D M E L N

R S T A E U B J M L R R M V O L S C T R

V R L H A Z A R D O U S M I L S N O P J

M V G A C E B L D G J H W Q O L S N Y T

S M J K R V D A M A G E B L G M D O J R

X M R S D R G J T M R D M S I L D M I A

Q B W A C I P G T M E T A G C A T I M U

C P O L L U T I O N D O U L A G M C T M

H N V G Q I G L P S N R E S L I H Y L A

T C G A G R I C U L T U R E L M I H F G

U F P J M N S R M J D R P R O P E R T Y

G D K S D F H S D A J F G D T A D J A G

G F J S L K P A N D E M I C J N H K O F

R P H D K A S T I A G D T I O S G D F R

O E R N D W T R A N S P O R T A T I O N

M P A C S T R E S S W N O D I S E A S E

A L F G H F X Y U J F E D H D Y B D R J

L E D L T R E P S Y C H O L O G I C A L

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 EXPLORE

Picture Me your Story!

Instructions: Assess the following pictures with regards to hazards and its impacts.
Write your answers on the table provided.

Mayon Volcano in Albay. Retrieved from

https://www.thewanderlustwithin.com/bicol-philippines/

Hazard Who/What will be affected How will it affect

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Squatter’s area in Tondo, Manila. Retrieved from
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/608197124653875028

Hazard Who/What will be How will it affect

affected

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Part II.
Picture Analysis!
Instructions: Analyze the picture below and answer the questions that follows.

Retrieved from The concept of vulnerability. Building Resilient Communities, (p23).

Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Processing Question:
1. What does the picture portray?
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. What possible hazard/s is shown in the picture?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. What could be the impact of the hazard/s shown in the picture?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. In your opinion, how could you contribute to lessen or mitigate the hazard/s
shown in the picture?
_______________________________________________________________________________

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 _______________________________________________________________________________

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Instructions: Analyze the picture below. What are the impacts to various elements if
a certain hazard is present in this community? Categorize and write your answers on
the box provided. Give at least one answer on each category.

Element at risk Effect or impact on How to lessen or

element at risk mitigate the effect
Physical
Social
Economic
Environment

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 REFLECT

Explain… Explain.. Explain…

Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module! You have just
had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the
succeeding modules.
Share your insights by completing this activity:
Choose one example of hazards (i.e., flooding, environmental degradation,
pandemic disease or biological threat, etc.) and write a short essay regarding
the issue. Explain your standpoint and your analysis, who will be affected and
how will it affect them. And lastly, will it be preventable or not. Explain how it
will be prevented.

LEARN MORE!

Read online:
http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do-/disaster-management/about-
disasters/definition-of-hazard/

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 GLOSSARY

The following terms used in this module

are defined as follows…

Elements at risk – the people, properties, economic

activities and services potentially threatened by
a hazardous event.
Exposure – the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard
events.
Frequency - the number of times an event happens within a given period.
Hazard – a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury
or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption
or environmental degradation. It may be natural, anthropogenic or
manmade in origin (UNISDR, 2016).
Impact – the effect or the aftermath of an event.
Lifelines – structures that are important for a community to function.
Mitigations – the measures that help lessen the effect or impact of a hazardous event.
Natural Hazards - naturally occurring physical phenomena cause by the nature itself.
Technological or manmade hazards - events that are caused by humans and occur
in or close to human settlements

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 ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

I. Multiple Choice:

Instructions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Write the letter of your
choice on the answer sheet.
1. Natural phenomena that pose a threat or cause negative impact to people and
properties are called _________.
a. Natural hazards
b. Human-made hazards
c. Combination or socio-natural hazards
d. None of the above
2. A/An _________ is a natural hazard that can also cause flash floods
a. typhoon c. earthquake
b. tsunami d. volcanic eruption
3. Which of the following is a human-made hazard?
a. fish kills c. drought
b. flood d. tsunami
4. The elements of society are considered at risk when they are exposed to
hazards. One of these includes physical elements EXCEPT:
a. facilities c. community structure
b. livelihood d. houses
5. Economy is one element that is also exposed to hazard. Which of the following
is an economic effect of hazardous event?
a. loss of life
b. psychological disturbance
c. destruction of the environment
d. business interruptions due to accessibility problems

II. True or False. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is incorrect.

1. One impact of a hazard is the medical effect which includes traumatic injuries,
emotional stress and epidemic diseases.
2. Highly industrialized countries are prone to hazards and disasters than a
developing country.
3. Essential facilities are one of the physical elements exposed to various hazard.
An example of essential facility is the medical and healthcare facilities.

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 4. Hazard is defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or
a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental
losses.
5. Impacts of hazards are measure through analysis of the interaction between
the hazard and the receptors.

Hi! I am back to congratulate you Disaster Risk Detective!

Please check your answers against the answer key at the
back. I hope you got a perfect score by this time. But if you
still have some errors, you may read the module again or
set a conference with your teacher until you learn. ☺

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 ANSWER KEY

Pre Test
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D

EXPLORE (Search and Rescue)

Environmental Transportation Disease
Hazardous Stress
Damage Psychological
Pollution Biological
Agriculture Property
People Economic
Pandemic Trauma

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

I. Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D

II. True or False

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True

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 REFERENCES

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (n.d.). Types of
disasters: Definition of hazard. http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-
management/about-disasters/definition-of-hazard/
Kwak, Nancy. Manila’s danger areas. Places Journal. February 2015. Accessed 05
Jul 2020. https://doi.org/10.22269/150223
Lanada, S., Melegrito, ML., & Mendoza, D. (2016). The concept of vulnerability.
Building Resilient Communities, (p17-24). Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Rimando, R. (2016). Various elements that may be exposed to hazards:
environmental, social and economic. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction,
(p16-19). Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
UNISDR. 2009. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-
terminology-eng.htm

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