Personality Disorders

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture,
is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or
impairment.

4 core defining features:

1. Distorted thinking patterns

2. Problematic emotional responses

3. Over or Under- regulated impulse control

4. Interpersonal difficulties

-significant and enduring difficulties at least 2 areas

-usually not diagnosed in children because personality disorders require enduring problem across time.

-for psychiatric disorder, the symptoms must cause functional impairment and subjective distress. Symptoms are distressing to
the person with the disorder and/or the symptoms make it difficult for them to function well in society.

The 3 Clusters:

Cluster A: Odd, Eccentric

1. Paranoid Personality Disorder- pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as
malevolent.

2. Schizoid Personality Disorder - detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression 3.

3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder - acute discomfort n close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and
eccentricities of behavior.

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic

4. Antisocial Personality Disorder- pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

5. Borderline Personality Disorder- instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects and marked impulsivity.

6. Histrionic Personality Disorder - excessive emotionality and attention seeking.

7. Narcissistic Personality Disorder - grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Cluster C - Anxious, Fearful

8. Avoidant Personality Disorder - social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

9. Dependent Personality Disorder - submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken cared of.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder - preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control

10. Personality Change due to another condition - persistent personality disturbance that is judged to be due to the direct
Physiological effects of a medical condition (e.g., frontal lobe lesion).

11. Other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder is a category provided for two situations: 1) the
individual's personality pattern meets the general criteria for a personality disorder, and traits of several different personality
disorders are present, but the criteria for any specific personality disorder are not met