In his video, Bill Kynes elucidates postmodernism as a reaction or a departure from modernism.

He portrays modernism as optimistic in terms of human potential and the certainty of objective
knowledge.

It has a consciousness of unity of all knowledge.

This modern mind-set of being able to stand in a neutral position and observing reality is what he
appreciates in modernism and finds a lack of in postmodernism. Unlike the confidence that was
demonstrated in modernism, it has faded in postmodernism. He explains how it has lost much of its
confidence in its inevitability of progress, as well as its sense of certainty about human knowledge. Human
experience of the world becomes more cynical. Therefore, Kynes criticises postmodern thinking and
describes it as a pessimistic and distrustful manner of thinking. He further suggests that we often believe
our own insight of a narrative instead of the author’s showing how we have deployed the ‘truth’ of life thus
showing how there is no meta narrative that makes truth whole and comprehensive and we must create our
own tenacity, purpose and veracity in our lives.