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Propof [[[[[ Formulae

BASIC FORMULAE

1.  a  b 2  a 2  2ab  b2
2.  a  b 2  a 2  2ab  b2
3. a 2  b2   a  b   a  b 

4.  a  b 3  a 3  3a 2b  3ab2  b3
5.  a  b 3  a 3  3a 2 b  3ab2  b3
6. 
a 3  b3   a  b  a 2  ab  b2 
7. a 3  b3  a  b a 2
 ab  b2 
LAW OF INDICES

8. a m . a n  a m n
am m n
9. n  a
a
. bm   ab 
m m
10. a

m
am  a 
11. m   
b b
12. a
0
1
m 1 1
13. a  i.e. am 
am a m

 
n
14. am  a mn

15.  a 
m 1/n
 a m/n

Formulae 1
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LOGARITHM

16. log a
b
 b.log a
17. log ab  log a  log b

a
18. log    log a  log b
 
b
19. log e
x
x
20. e
log x
x
21. log a a 1
22. log 1  0

23. log   

24. log 0  

a b
25. log     log  
b a
1
26. log     log b
b

FORMULAE OF TRIGNOMETRY
sin θ cos θ 1 1
27. = tan θ , = cot θ , tan θ = , cot θ =
cos θ sin θ cot θ tan θ
1 1 1 1
28. cos θ = , sec θ = , sin θ = , cosec θ =
sec θ cos θ cosec θ sin θ
29. sin ( θ)   sin θ, cos( θ)  cos θ, tan( θ)   tan θ

30. sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 1+ tan 2 θ = sec2 θ 1+ cot 2 θ = cosec2 θ

π  π  π 
31. sin   θ  = cos θ, cos   θ  = sin θ, tan   θ  = cot θ
2  2  2 

π  π  π 
32. sin  + θ  = cos θ, cos  + θ  =  sin θ, tan  + θ  =  cot θ
2  2  2 

Formulae 2
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33. sin  π  θ  = sin θ cos  π  θ  =  cos θ tan  π  θ  =  tan θ

34. sin  π + θ  =  sin θ cos  π + θ  =  cos θ tan  π + θ  = tan θ

35. sin (A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

36. cos (A  B)  cos A cos B sin A sin B
tan A  tan B
37. tan (A  B) 
1 tan A.tan B
π 1 ± tan θ
38. tan ( ± θ)=
4 1 tan θ
39. sin 2A  2sin A.cos A

40. cos2A  cos2 A  sin 2 A

 2cos 2 A  1
 1  2sin 2 A
41. 2sin 2 A  1  cos 2A
42. 2 cos2 A  1+ cos 2A
2tanA 1-tan 2 A 2 tanA
43. sin 2A = , cos 2A = , tan 2A =
1+tan 2 A 1+tan 2 A 1- tan 2 A

44. sin 3A  3 sin A  4 sin 3A

45. cos 3A  4cos3 A  3 cos A
3tan A  tan 3 A
46. tan 3A 
1  3tan 2 A
 AB  AB
47. sin A  sin B  2 sin   .cos  
 2   2 
 AB  AB
48. sin A  sin B  2 cos   .sin  
 2   2 
 AB  AB
49. cos A  cos B  2 cos   .cos  
 2   2 

Formulae 3
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 AB  AB
50. cos A  cos B   2 sin   .sin  
 2   2 
51. 2 sinA cos B  sin  A  B  sin  A  B
52. 2 cosA sinB  sin  A  B  sin  A  B
53. 2 cosA cosB  cos  A  B  cos  A  B
54. 2 sinA sinB  cos  A  B  cos  A  B

TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS OF STANDARD ANGLES

Ratio 00 300 450 600 900 1200 1350 1500 1800 2700 3600

sin 0 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 0 -1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

cos 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 3 -1 0 1
  
2 2 2 2 2 2
tan 0 1 1 3   3 -1 1 0  0

3 3

FORMULAE OF DERIVATIVES
d n d
1) ( x )  nx n 1 2) (e x ) = e x
dx dx
d d 1
3) (a x )  a x log a 4) dx (log x) = x
dx
d d
5) (sin x) = cos x 6) (cos x) = - sin x
dx dx
d d
7) (tan x) = sec2 x 8) (cot x) = - cosec2 x
dx dx
d d
9) (sec x) = sec x tan x 10) (cosec x) = - cosec x cot x
dx dx

d 1
d 1 1
12) dx (cos x) = 1  x
2
11) (sin 1 x) =
dx 1  x2

Formulae 4
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d 1
d 1 1
(cot x ) = 1 x
2
13) (tan 1 x) = 14) dx
dx 1  x2
d 1 d 1
15) (sec1 x) = 16) (cos ec 1 x) =
dx x x2 1 dx x x2 1

d 1 d 1 1
17) ( x)  18)    
dx 2 x dx  x  x2

FORMULAE OF INTEGRATION
x n 1
1)  x dx  c
n

n 1
1 1
2) x 2
dx 
x
c

1
3)  x
dx  2 x  c

1
4)  xdx  log x  c
5)  e dx  e c
x x

ax
6)  a dx  c
x

log a

7)  sin x dx   cos x  c
8)  cos x dx  sin x  c
9)  sec x. dx  tan x  c
2

10)  cosec2 x. dx   cot x  c

11)  sec x. tan x dx  sec x  c

12)  co sec x. cot x dx   cos ec x  c

13)  tan x dx  log(s ec x)  c

14)  cot x dx  log(sin x)  c

15)  sec x dx  log(sec x  tan x)  c

16)  co sec x .dx  log(co sec x  cot x)  c

Formulae 5
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1 1  x
17) x 2
a 2
dx  tan 1    c
a a
1 1  xa
18) x 2
a 2
dx 
2a
log  c
 xa
1 1 ax
19) a 2
x 2
dx 
2a
log  c
ax
1  x
20)  a2  x2
dx  sin 1    c
a
1
21)  x a
2 2
dx  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c

1
22)  dx  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
x a
2 2

x 2 a2 x
23)  a 2  x 2 dx 
2
a  x 2  sin 1    c
2 a
x 2 a2
24)  x 2  a 2 dx 
2
x  a 2  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
2
x 2 a2
25)  x 2  a 2 dx 
2
x  a 2  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
2
eax
26)  e x sin(bx  c)dx  [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)]
a 2  b2
eax
27)  e x cos(bx  c)dx  [a cos(bx  c)  b sin(bx  c)]
a 2  b2

STANDARD RESULTS
[ f ( x)]n1
1)  [ f ( x)] . f ( x)dx  c
n '

n 1
f ' ( x)
2)  f ( x)
dx  2 f ( x)  c

f ' ( x)
3)  dx  log  f ( x)   c
f ( x)

4) e f ' ( x)dx  e f ( x )  c
f ( x)

5)  e [ f ( x)  f ( x)]dx  e x . f ( x)  c
x '

Formulae 6
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INTEGRATION BY PARTS
du
1)  uv dx  u  v dx   [ dx  v dx] dx  General formula using LIATE
2)  uv dx  uv  u '.v
1 2  u " v3.................................

Where u is a successively differentiable function (normally a polynomial)

and v is a successively integral function (normally Sine, Cosine, Exp.)

RULES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

2a a
1) If f(2a-x)=f(x) then 0
f ( x) dx  2 f ( x) dx
0

In particular,
2  
(i) If ( 2  x )=f(x) then 
0
f ( x) dx  2 f ( x) dx  2 f ( x) dx
0 0

  /2
(ii) If f(   x )=f(x) then 
0
f ( x) dx  2  f ( x) dx
0

2) f(-x)=f( x)  f(x) is even

=f(x)  f(x) is odd
a a
Then 
a
f ( x) dx  2 f ( x)dx if f(x) is even
0

=0 if f(x) is odd.

Formulae 7