WEATHERING

CODE TERM DEFINITION

Residual Soil Soil developed on extremely weathered rock, the mass structure and
substance fabric are no longer evident.
RS “tanah yang memiliki tingkat pelapukan paling tinggi sehingga tidak
terlihat lagi struktur dari batuannya”
Extremely Weathered rock weathered to the extent it has soil properties and will disintegrate or can
be remoulded by hand in water.
XW “batuan lapuk yang dapat dibentuk dengan tangan memiliki sifat seperti
tanah”
Distinctly Weathered Highly discoloured, usually by iron staining, the rock strength has been
changed by weathering.
DW “mengalami perubahan warna, biasanya warna kebesian, kekuatan batu
telah berubah akibat adanya pelapukan”
Slightly Weathered Slightly discoloured, shows little change in rock strength
SW “sedikit berubah warna, menunjukkan sedikit perubahan pada kekuatan
batuan”
Fresh No sign of discolouration or staining
FR “tidak ada perubahan warna ataupun pewarnaan”
STRENGTH

Is(50)
CODE TERM DEFINITION
(MPa)
Extremely Low < 0.03 Easily remoulded by hand to a material with soil properties
EL “mudah dibentuk dengan menngunakan tangan berbentuk seperti
tanah”
Very Low 0.03 - 01 Material crumbles under firm blows with sharp end of pick; can be
peeled with knife; too hard to cut a triaxial sample by hand. Pieces up
VL to 30 mm can be broken by finger pressure
“batuan yang mudah pecah dengan menggunakan jari pada ukuran 30
mm”
Low 0.1 – 0.3 Easily scored with knife; indentations 1 mm to 3 mm show in the
specimen with firm blows of the pick point; has dull sound under
hammer. A piece of core 150 mm long by 50 mm diameter may be
L broken by hand. Sharp edges of core may be friable and break during
handling
“dapat dihancurkan dengan tangan karena bersifat rapuh”
Medium 0.3 – 1 Readily scored with a knife; a piece of core 150 mm long by 50 mm
M diameter can be broken by hand with difficulty
“dapat dipatahkan dengan tangan dengan susah payah”
High 1–3 A piece of core 150 mm long by 50 mm diameter cannot be broken by
hand but can be broken by a pick with a single firms blow
H “Sepotong inti yang panjangnya 150 mm dengan diameter 50 mm tidak
dapat dipatahkan dengan tangan tetapi dapat dipatahkan oleh pick
dengan satu pukulan tegas”
Very High 3 – 10 Hand specimen breaks with pick after more than one blow; rock rings
VH under hummer
“Batuan pecah/ patah dengan pick setelah lebih dari satu pukulan”
Extremely High > 10 Specimen requires many blows with geological pick to break trought
intact material; rock rings under hummer “batuan keras dan tidak
EH pecah Apabila dipukul berkali-kali”
BLOCK SHAPE

CODE TERM DEFINITION

BLK Blocky Approximately cubical in shape with similar side lengths
TAB Tabular Plate shaped with block thickness considerably less than length or width
COL Columnar Block height is considerably greater than block width and thickness
IRR Irregular Block shape is highly variable/ irregular

DISKONTINUITY TYPE

CODE TERM DEFINITION

B Bedding parting A joint parallel to bedding
J Joint A joint (natural fracture) than cuts across bedding
C Cleat Short closely spaced joint within coal
Fault A major discontinuity that cuts across bedding with visible offset or
F displacement along a single plane. The fault can be clean (i.e. rock to rock
contact) or contain a narrow zones of infill
Bedding Shear A narrow zones of shearing parallel to bedding either along the contact
between adjacent beds (e.g. the contact between coal and mudstone) or
S entirely within a particular bed, usually mudstone, along which displacement
has occurred. Slickensided / highly polished surfaces are present.
Fault/ Shear Zone A tabular zone containing many parallel or anastomosing faults across
Z which displacement has occurred. Often composed of crushed or highly
sheared material

DISKONTINUITY SHAPE

CODE TERM DEFINITION

P Planar The discontinuity surface is a flat plane
Curved The discontinuity surface is curved surface, either convex or concave. It can
C be curved about one axis (cylinder) or two axes (sphere)
Wavy The discontinuity surface is wavy or undulating and is composed of a
W repetition on concave and convex deviations from the mean plane of the
discontinuity
S Stepped The discontinuity surface is composed of a series of sharp steps

ISRM ROUGHNESS

CODE DEFENITION CODE DEFENITION CODE DEFENITION

1 Stepped - Rough 4 Wavy - Rough 7 Planar – Rough
2 Stepped - Smooth 5 Wavy - Smooth 8 Planar – Smooth
3 Stepped - Slickensided 6 Wavy - Slickensided 9 Planar – Slickensided

INFILL
CODE DEFENITION CODE DEFENITION CODE DEFENITION
Clayey sand/ sandy
A clay O Coal T silt
B Carbonaceous matter P Pyrite X Clean, no fill or coating
C Calcite Q Quartz Y clay
G Graphite R Resin (amber)
L Limonite/ iron staining S sand