Modern Electric Engine for Future Cars

T.Selvakumar (Author) S.Karthik S.Arun Kumar

Electrical and Electronics Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Engineering National Engineering College, National Engineering College,
National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, India Kovilpatti, India
Kovilpatti, India Gmkarthik1999@gmail.com Arunraj.ksraj@gmail.com
dossselva111@gmail.com

Abstract— In today World, majority of the population use Fuel • Electrical Mode
dependent vehicles. Parallel to current scenario, the demand for
Fuel is also keeps growing day by day. On such issue, we could
replace the existing engine with Hybrid Engine. It could run by
both Electrical and Fuel modes of operation. In Electrical mode,
A supply of 36V DC is given for excitation of temporary magnet
which is fixed over engine and piston. Thereby the piston works
by attraction and repulsion process. The excitation in turned off
when the engine is switched to Fuel mode where is works as the
concept of the as Internal Combustion Engine (IC engine).

Keywords—Electro-piston, modes of operation, Attraction and

repulsion.

I. INTRODUCTION
In this generation, majority of the vehicles use IC
Engines for vehicles where some minority vehicles include
electric motor engines. On highlighting the majority of the
usage of vehicles, they consume a large amount of
conventional energy and also cause an enormous amount of
pollution to the environment. On such cases hybrid engines
can be used because it is more of non-conventional.
In earlier projects, the hybrid engines were made of two
magnets-Permanent magnet and Temporary magnet. The
permanent magnet produces field without excitation where
the temporary magnet create field when the electrical power Fig.1: electrical mode
is exerted.
The Electrical mode of operation works by the principle
Here, the concept of using two magnets is being replaced of magnetism. There are two electromagnets placed one at
by only having a temporary magnet. It is fitted over the the top of cylinder and the other on the top of the piston as
engine as well as over the piston’s head. The reason for shown in Fig.1. The Electromagnets are given a supply of
neglecting permanent magnet is because when the engine is 420V for excitation. As the amorphous core is more efficient
being used in fuel mode, high amount of heat produced than any other core, it used in the engine to strengthen the
within piston makes it demagnetized. production of magnetic field. The copper wire of 26 Gauge is
wound over the amorphous core.
II.WORKING PRINCIPLE There are two cores- Head core and piston core. The head
core is given a winding of 5000 turns while the piston core is
A. Modes of Operation wounded by 2500 turns. On exciting the cores, the head core
The hybrid engine has two modes of operation. They are produces a strong magnetic force than the piston core due to
as follows : the difference in their number of turns.
• Electrical mode As the result of excitation, the cores are transformed as
electromagnets of similar poles. As per the magnetic law, the
• Fuel mode
similar poles of cylinder creates a repulsive force and makes

978-1-5386-3817-0/18/$31.00 2018
c IEEE 289
 the piston move downwards. Thus the mechanical
A. Material Used
movement of the piston makes the crankshaft move which
gives a rotational movement.
S.NO NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIAL FOR
• Fuel Mode CONTRUCTION
The Fuel mode is switched by turning off the supply for
excitation. 1. Cylinder Cast iron, Cast
Aluminium

2. Piston Cast iron, Aluminium

alloy

3. Piston rings Cast iron, Pressed steel

alloy

4. Core Amorphous core

5. Winding Copper wire (26 gauge)

6. Crankshaft Forged steel, Cast steel

Fig.2: fuel mode

The fuel mode of hybrid engine works as the same principle 7. Fly wheel Cast iron
of a normal 4-stroke Internal Combustion Engine.As shown
in Fig.2 The working cycle of the 4-stroke engine mainly
comprises of 3 processes. They are Compression, Power, and
Exhaust. Firstly the intake port in open and the air-fuel
mixture is entered into the crankcase in the compression
stroke. Then the intake port is closed and the piston is being B. Input Supply
forced done by the expanding gases. The air-fuel mixture is A 420V DC Lead acid battery is used as an input source
being compressed in the crankcase. Later the piston travels for excitation for the temporary magnet
past the exhaust port, thus opening it, then past the intake
port, opening that. As the exhaust gases flow out, the air-fuel C. Relay
mixture flows in due to being under pressure in the
crankcase. Then again the cycle repeats to compression
stroke, power and exhaust stroke.

III.CONTRUCTION

Fig 4: Construction of relay

Fig 3: Construction of Hybrid Engine

290 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS).
It is an electrically operated switch as shown in Fig.4. It
controls the power supplied to the electromagnet. Many
relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a

switch, but other operating principles are also used, such

as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to
IV. Equations
control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first
relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as Force exerted by top of electromagnet, F1=(N2I2KA)/2G2
amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one where,
circuit and re-transmitted it on another circuit.
N-number of turns
I-current in coil
D. Electromagnet K-permeability of free space
A-Cross sectional area
G-Distance between the top and piston magnet

Input Voltage=420V
Input Current=50A
Input Power=Voltage*Current
Fig 5: construction of electromagnet
=420*50
=21000W
This part is more vital in this hybrid engine. In the fig.5.
Layer-1 is the temporary magnet in made of a special kind of F1= (N2I2KA)/2G2
material -Amorphous core. It is more efficient than any other
core. Followed by, In layer-2 the amorphous core is winded Where,
by copper wires. It is wounded for 5000 turns in the cylinder Number of turn, N= 5000
head core and 2500 turns in the piston head core. In layer-3,
The core is coated by a protective layer. It is made in such a Current flowing through coil, I= 50A
way that to withstand the excessive heat produced within the Permeability of free space, K= 4ʌ×10-7
engine because the temperature in engine is about 700°C
which might cause an damage over the windings of the core. Cross sectional area , A=78.5(radius=5)
The layer-4 is the final layer which is the comvination of all Least distance between two electromagnets, G= 0.025m
layers. The added advantage this Electromagnet is more
efficient in producing magnetic field. Substitution,
F1=(N2I2KA)/2G2
E. ESC
F1=4932.3*106 N
Speed regulator is a device which is used to vary flow of
current thereby varying speed of engine. An Electronic Electro-piston:
Speed Controller can be used to regulate the flow of current.
F2= (N2I2KA)/2G2
An Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) is an electronic circuit
used with a purpose to vary speed of this engine and also to Where,
act as a dynamic brake. An ESC is a standalone unit which
Number of turn, N= 2500
plugs into receivers throttle control channel or incorporated
on receiver to control the speed of engine. Current flowing through coil, I= 50A
Permeability of free space, K= 4ʌ×10-7
Cross sectional area , A(radius=5)

International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). 291
 Least distance between two electromagnets, G= 0.025m
Substitution,
F2= (N2I2KA)/2G2

F2= 1233*106 N
Total Force,
F= F1+F2
F=(4932.3*106)+ (1233*106)
F=6165.3*106 N
Torque,
T=F*r
Where,
T-Torque
F-Total Force
r- Crank Radius
Total force, F=123.33*106 N
Crank radius, r =0.05m Thus the graph shows the force produced by electro piston
core of an engine when it is operated in electrical mode. This
Substituting, two forces are required force for run the two stoke engine
T=F*r successfully in electrical mode.
T=6165.3*106 *0.05
VI.MERITS
T= 308.265*106n-m The hybrid engine is eco-friendly as there are two modes
of operations. It could be alternatively used for efficient
usage. The use of amorphous core in the engine is boosts the
efficiency of the producing power in the electrical mode. The
V.RESULT control for switching the engine to fuel mode and electrical
mode is effortless.

VII.CONCLUSION
In future generations, the world would really face a great
scarce of fuel. By the same time, we see the transport system
is being changed rapidly on adapting to the current scenario.
The hybrid engine is one such invention that could run both
in electrical and fuel modes of operation. Both the modes of
operation are equally efficient as the normal IC Engine and
perform as efficient as IC Engine. Thus the hybrid engine is
also eco-friendly as it consumes less amount of fuel.

Thus the graph shows the force produced by head core of

an engine when it is operated in electrical mode.

292 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS).
 REFERENCES
[1].www.en.wikipedia.org
[2].www.google.com
[3].howmagnetswork.com
[4].http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/main/
[5]Konduru Vasu 1 and Kalahsti Sirisha Vamsi “Magnetic Piston Engine”
Menta Sudheer1 *, , ISSN 2278 – 0149
www.ijmerr.com Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2014.
[6] Abil Joseph Eapen, Aby Eshow Varughese “Theory on electromagnetic
engine.”
[7] Ramanan. M, Balasubramanian. M, and Ilaiyaraja. S, “Experimental
Investigation on Magnetized Piston Powered Engine”,IOSR-JMCE, 2014
[8] Vishal Abasaheb Misal, Umesh Dattatrayhajare, "Electromagnetic
Engine ", "International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in
Mechanical Engineering, Vol-2, issue-4, 2013.
[9] Menta Sudheer, Konduru Vasu and Kalahsti Sirisha Vamsi,"Magnetic
Piston Engine", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Robotics Research, Vol.3, issue .1, 2014.
[10]. http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/
Main/articles/magnet-materials-and-theirproperties
[11] Kirpal Singh (2011), Automobile
Engineering, 12th Edition, Vol. 1.
[12] Kirpal Singh (2011), Automobile
Engineering, 12th Edition, Vol. 2.

International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS). 293