NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

LAOAG CITY

Impact of Absenteeism to the academic life of Junior High School of Northwestern

University

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Practical Research II

by:
Hazel Salvador
Chinnie Claire Marcos
Denyse Chloe Yabo
Amely Orifon
Charity Lamug
 CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

I.INTRODUCTION

Absenteeism affects the grades of the students and they have poor performance

Because 50% of their grades are based on performance. Students lost their opportunity to

learn if they are absent. It will be difficult for them to submit their missed quizzes especially

when it comes to team work or groupwork for their activities, assignments and projects. “

Successful Schools cannot survive without physically present students.” According to the

"Excessive Absences Intervention" research study by author Linda L. Williams .Absenteeism

brings out hundreds of cases of negative impact to the academic life of students, they can also

be attracted or addicted to vices such as alcohol and cigarettes and by being vicious they do

not notice that they are doing something wrong like sexual intercourse and it leads to early

pregnancy it can have a big impact on a student's life .

 I. Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine the Impact of Absenteeism to the academic life of

Junior High School of Northwestern University.

1. What are the causes of absenteeism of Junior high school students?

2. What is the purpose of absenteeism?

3. How we can solve the problem of absentee the student

4. What are the negative impact of absenteeism to the academic life of students?
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

I.Absenteeism

According to Timothy Keter of Community Relations Coordinator, Eneza Education

Ltd. Absenteeism in school is the habit of staying away from school without providing a

genuine or any reason for not attending classes. Absenteeism is a truant behavior that

negatively affects the performance among Students. Absenteeism can be remedied by

providing adequate co-curricular activities to students. It could be curbed by creating of clubs

and societies to keep students busy when they are out of class. Schools should strive to have

up to date learning facilities like libraries as well as sporting facilities to make students

enhance student retention.

https://enezaeducation.com

Absenteeism is a student behaviour grounded on physical, psychological and social

reasons and affecting students' development negatively. Absenteeism can be not only a

symptom of students' negative feelings about school but also sourced by many different

reasons (Gökyer, 2012). Absenteeism is typically based on total days of school missed,

including both excused and unexcused absences (Balfanz & Byrnes, 2012). The State Board

of Education (2013) adopted definitions for excused and unexcused absences for use by

schools and districts in order to implement the statutory policies and procedures

concerning truants, and the reporting of truancy offers the three forms.

https://www.researchgate.net
Negative Effects

Poor Academic Progress

According to the "Excessive Absences Intervention" research study by author Linda L.

Williams .Successful schools cannot survive without physically present students., excessive

absenteeism by students may result in unlearned course material from fewer hours of

instruction, and a disruption of class instruction for teachers who have to administer

remediation for the absent student when he returns to school. Excessive absenteeism by

students may additionally result in poor academic achievement because students are not

receiving instruction on a consecutive basis. This problem also causes low standardized test

scores because absent students are not present to learn key concepts.

Future Problem

And According to the another author Jason A. Schoeneberger’s "Longitudinal Attendance

Patterns" study, excessive absenteeism increases the chances of a student eventually dropping

out of school, which can lead to long term consequences for these students, such as lower

average incomes, higher incidences of unemployment, and a higher likelihood of

incarceration. Schoeneberger asserts that students who drop out of school face a higher risk

of poverty because of their inability to secure quality paying employment due to their lack of

education and resources. Dropouts who lack education and resources are more likely to

commit criminal activity leading to incarceration.

https://www.theclassroom.com
Basis

Your school is responsible for the first response to any absences.

Your school must:

 have an attendance management policy

 communicate your attendance rules to students and their families

 follow up on absences

 record and monitor attendance and absence data

 work to improve attendance.

Attendance management policies can be tailored to the needs of your school and community.

Attendance rules include:

 being on time for school and class, and

 information on how unexplained absences will be followed up.

Improving attendance might include working with families to help students return to school.
https://www.education.govt.nz

A broader understanding of the importance of student behaviors and school climate as drivers

of academic performance and the wider acceptance that schools have a role in nurturing the
“whole child” have increased attention to indicators that go beyond traditional metrics

focused on proficiency in math and reading. The 2015 passage of the Every Student Succeeds

Act (ESSA), which requires states to report a nontraditional measure of student progress, has

codified this understanding.

Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in 2015 show that about

one in five students missed three days of school or more in the month before they took the

NAEP mathematics assessment. Students who were diagnosed with a disability, students who

were eligible for free lunch, Hispanic English language learners, and Native American

students were the most likely to have missed school, while Asian students were rarely absent.

On average, data show children in 2015 missing fewer days than children in 2003.

https://eric.ed.gov

All students, yet for one reason or another, at one time or other time want miss to a day of

school. The general tendency to engage in such unwillingness is referred to absenteeism.

Student absenteeism is defined by Teasley (2004) as a period of time when a student does not

attend school, has become major and continuous problem among high school students in

many countries. Indeed, numerous studies conducted to answer a question that is why high

school students miss classes. In this notion, Teasley have noted numerous risk factors that

contribute to student absenteeism such as family health, low income, poor school climate,

drug and alcohol use, transportation problems, and community attitudes towards education.

Pehlivan (2006) found that the major reason given by students for non-attendance at lecture
or school were bored at school, dislike of school and lessons, encouragement of friends, and

lack of expectations about education.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1130748.pdf

The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect relationship between student

school absenteeism, personal factors (academic self- perception, attitudes towards teacher and

school, goal valuation and motivation/ self-regulation), family factors (parents' educational

level and income), and academic achievement in structural equation model. Four hundred and

twenty three high school students participated in the study. The findings revealed that student

absenteeism was negatively related to academic self-perception, attitudes towards teacher and

school, goal valuation, motivation/ self-regulation, and academic performance. Results also

revealed that student absenteeism differed in respect to parents' educational level and income.

Results from SEM analyses noticed that personal and family factors significantly predict

previous and current student absenteeism. SEM analyses also revealed that previous student

absenteeism significantly predict previous academic achievement. Finally, SEM analyses

noticed that previous student absenteeism and previous academic achievement can predict

current student absenteeism. Contribution and implications of these findings were discussed

in detail. [This paper was presented at the International Congress on Education for the Future:

Issues and Challenges (Ankara, Turkey, May 2015).]

According to Hitesh Bhasin (December 13, 2018 ) Absenteeism is informed or uninformed

unavailability of an employee at work. Taking long, unnecessary breaks at work, being

disinterested, leaving early etc. are also forms of absenteeism. Employee absenteeism can be

very costly for the organization due to the fact of the unavailability of the employee.
Classification of Absenteeism is based on the causes. There are 3 classes of Absenteeism

1.Planned and Approved

2.Unplanned but Approved

3.Unplanned and Unapproved

https://www.marketing91.com

These absenteeism levels decrease the level of production because of work specialization.

One analysis given that, absenteeism brings out hundreds of cases of negative impact on the

building of future of students. Empirical evidences confirm that absenteeism produce the high

level of problems and failure.

http://www.ijsrp.org/

Excessive student absenteeism can lead to an increasing disinterest in school and

academics in general. According to author Jason A. Schoeneberger’s "Longitudinal

Attendance Patterns" study, excessive absenteeism increases the chances of a student

eventually dropping out of school, which can lead to long term consequences for these

students, such as lower average incomes, higher incidences of unemployment, and a higher

likelihood of incarceration. Schoeneberger asserts that students who drop out of school face a

higher risk of poverty because of their inability to secure quality paying employment due to

their lack of education and resources.

https://www.classroom.com
 Recent policy dialogue suggests that chronic absenteeism is not only under documented,

but is also detrimental to the success of students as early as kindergarten. That said, almost no

empirical research has examined the effects of chronic absenteeism on student outcomes.

This study addresses this under researched issue in more depth. Using a nationally

representative dataset of kindergarten students from the 2010–2011 school year, this study

evaluates the effect of chronic absenteeism on both achievement and socioemotional

outcomes. The findings suggest that chronic absenteeism reduces math and reading

achievement outcomes, reduces educational engagement, and decreases social engagement.

Hence, this study offers new evidence on how an undermeasured aspect of missing school

impedes students’ attainment. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

https://www.tandfonline.com/

According to findings students' absenteeism isn't affected from the causes of

absenteeism sourced from school. Gökyer (2012) states most of the students either agree or

partly agree the items related to the causes of absenteeism sourced from school. This finding

is complied with the results of this study.

www.reasearchgate.net

A missed school day is a lost opportunity for students to learn. In this aera of increased

accountability for states, districts, and schools, the connection between student attendance

and learning is being studied more than ever before. As a result, education agencies are asked

with increasing frequency to report attendance. Students who attend school regularly have

been shown to achieve at higher levels than students who do not have regular attendance.
www.oaji.net

The negative impact of school absenteeism on children’s academic performance has been

documented in the educational literature, yet few studies have used validated development

indicators, or investigated individual and neighborhood characteristics to illuminate potential

moderating factors. Using cross-sectional Early Development Instrument (EDI) panel data

(2001–2005) we constructed multilevel linear and logistic regression models to examine the

association between school absenteeism and early childhood development, moderated by

Aboriginal status, length of school absence, neighborhood-level income inequality, and

children’s sex assigned at birth. Our study included 3572 children aged four to eight in 56

residential neighborhoods in Saskatoon, Canada. Results indicated that Aboriginal children

missing an average number of school days (3.63 days) had significantly lower EDI scores

compared to non-Aboriginal children, controlling for individual and neighborhood factors. As

school absenteeism lengthened, the gap in EDI scores between Aboriginal and non-

Aboriginal children narrowed, becoming non-significant for absences greater than two weeks.

Children with long-term school absence (>4 weeks of school), living in neighborhoods of low

income inequality, had significantly better physical and social development scores compared

to children from medium or high income inequality neighborhoods. Across all EDI domains,

girls living in neighborhoods with low income inequality had significantly better EDI scores

than boys in similar neighborhoods; however, sex-differences in EDI scores were not

apparent for children residing in high income inequality neighborhoods. Results add to the

literature by demonstrating differences in the relationship between school absenteeism and

early developmental outcomes moderated by Aboriginal status, length of school absence,

neighborhood income inequality, and sex assigned at birth. These moderating factors show

that differential approaches are necessary when implementing policies and programs aimed at

improving school attendance.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1347

According to Jay Arnel Bilocura(October 18,2012) Being always present in class and to school on

time are two of the crucial determining factors of a student’s success, not just as a student but as a person

who will be managing his/her own life in the future. Given the importance of being punctual, this study

aims to explore and find out the factors that affect the punctuality of UP students. In this chapter, we will

be discussing about the background of our study. It includes facts about tardiness, the different factors

that causes it and its effect to the students as students and as bearer of their own lives in the future. From

reliable research materials like online journals and research papers, we will provide some facts and

theories from authors, teachers and notable people in order to have a concrete justification of our study.

First, we will give a definition of tardiness and present some theories and facts about it. Next, we

will discuss he various factors that causes the students to come to school late, the psychological theories,

the observation of the teachers and the personal reasons of the students. Lastly, the effects of tardiness to

students, not just to himself/herself but also to his/her future and to other people, will be discussed.

Absenteeism at higher education level affects the learning process of the students as well. As

the final result at the end of academic session. Lecture and tutorials provide a policy where

students interact with the teachers, observe them and differentiate them as role models. Low

attendance hence may affect this process and obstruct their professional growth. On the other

hand the role of teachers in improving student’s attendance in lectures cannot be denied.

Good attendance is maybe the most important and direct sign of the student’s perception of

the effectiveness and usefulness of the lectures delivered. Teachers with good teaching skills

deliver lectures which are organized and structured; have good communication skills which
attract students and shows higher attendance rates .(hafeez 2014, Indiana: and Achievement

2014)

Absenteeism refers to the habitual non-presence of an employee at his or her job. Habitual

non-presence extends beyond what is deemed to be within an acceptable realm of days away

from the office for legitimate causes such as scheduled vacations, occasional illness, and

family emergencies.

Possible causes of over-absenteeism include job dissatisfaction, ongoing personal issues, and

chronic medical problems. Regardless of the root cause, a worker who exhibits a long-term

pattern of being absent may tarnish his reputation, which may consequently threaten his long-

term employability. However, some forms of absence from work are legally protected and

cannot be grounds for termination.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/absenteeism.asp