Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definitions
J Price Gittinger
“ A project is a specific activity with a specific starting point and
a specific ending point intended to accomplish a specific
objective. It is something like you draw a boundary around,
at least a conceptual boundary and say this is the PROJECT
Project
A project is an ongoing effort to create a unique product or
service designed to achieve a specific development objectives
Any project is an attempt to address specific issue or need
Characteristic features of a project
It will have a fixed set of objectives ( what is to be done, how is it to be
done and why it is to be done)
It will have interrelated activities of actions
It will have a life span clearly indicating the definite start and end
It will have a life cycle reflected by growth, and maturity
It will be a single entity and is normally entrusted to one responsibility
centre while calls for team work
No two projects will be exactly similar even if the plans are identical
It realizes maximum results using limited resources ( time, money,
personnel, equipment etc.)
It will operate on a specific location
Types of Projects
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
PROJECT APPRAISAL
PROJECT FORMULATION
Each project, which qualifies for investment, can be evolved
as a detailed project proposal, while
preparing a project report, it would be necessary to
ascertain the availability of
required inputs and services in the
area. Further, the relationship among the various
activities of the project has to be established through proper
backward and forward linkages.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Effective implementation of a
project requires the working –out
of a detailed implementation plan .
The various project activities/components have to be
identified and their inter-relationship arising from physical,
technical and other considerations established. For each
activity, there should be an optimum allocation of resources
and time. The implementation plan thus framed will ensure
proper and effective controlling and monitoring of the
project.
PROJECT MONITORING
Controlling and monitoring is complimentary to the planning
process. Once execution of a project commences, control
over the progress has to be exercised in order to complete
the project by the stipulated period
Control involves comparing at regular interval the actual
achievements of the original plan
PROJECT EVALUATION
Evaluation is necessary for the
purpose of public
accountability, future planning
and decision making . Evaluation as a tool
cannot be separated from the process of planning,
implementation, monitoring and review associated with
the life cycle of a project. The terminal evaluation
reveals the level of achievement of the project objectives
and creation of the anticipated impact and the need of
post – investment with better planning.