Pangasinan State University

Bayambang Campus
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Bayambang, Pangasinan

Marie B. Macaraeg BEE-EGE 1-1

A Written Report
Subject: Prof-Ed 102 –The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning
Principles
Topic: Preschoolers Cognitive Development
Reference:
Borado, H. L., Corpuz, B. B., Lucas, M. D., Lucido, P. I. (2018). The Child and
Adolescents Learners and Learning Principles. Quezon City : Lorimar
Pubishing Inc. pp. 214-237

I. Introduction
Cognitive development is the study of the developmental in critical thinking
aspects. The Cognitive Development of Preschoolers will show how do children
experience different stages to achievement those cognitive abilities. Children
ages 3-4 are the one who is in the stage of wondering and eagerness to learn
are within them. They are most likely to ask a lot of questions.
With this, you should know how to address your child’s “what’s” and
approach tem in a sensible manner that will feel them that they are always free to
ask questions.

II. Body/ Summary

The following are the centralize ideas regarding the topic Cognitive Development
of Preschoolers
Preschoolers had this remarkable phrase or words that they knew but they
understand it in a different way that it should be. According to Piaget, this is
called as immature aspects or limitations mostly simply called as Preoperational
thought.
Preoperational thought is divided into two sub stages namely:
 Intuitive Sub stage
 Intuitive Sub stage

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Symbolic sub stage deals with the objects that are not present but children
observe it in that manner and think that it is the object on their mind.
ex. A comb was used as a microphone.
Intuitive sub stage when a preschoolers begins to reason out on a certain
things. They uses primitive but limited reasoning. Whereby, a person lacks the
evidence of centration. They identify the part but not as a whole. This aspect is
also referred as unidimensional thought. This is also an evidence of preschool
children’s lack of conservation, “the awareness that the basic property of an
object or a substance is conserved (not changed) even if it’s appearance is
change (Santrock 2002).
2 terms that was use to describe operational thought by Piagets.
1. Irreversibility – unable to recognize the other possibilities
2. Transductive - jumping into conclusion without any indications of any
reasons.
Brain connection in the preschool years
On what we have studies in our science subject during high school and
elementary it is said that human brain is composed of numerous cells called
neurons that is connected to each other to function. Cell connections are what
we call synapses, sometimes also referred to as synaptic connections. That is
why a child has the ability to make countless connections to engaged in different
activities.
On the other hand preschoolers are connected and engaged in their
surroundings and it is the main connection they have, to their own environment.
What they see in their environment is what they will going to adapt. Preschoolers
are often the center of the study because they carry out a potential of making a
countless connections with others. Their eagerness to learn and to develop new
things is more engaging and that’s the goal of the environment, the children first
line of support. In addition,
Language Department
Throughout the preschool years, children language becomes complex in
the four main areas:
a. Phonology (speech)
b. Semantics (word meanings)
c. Syntax (sentence constructions)
d. Pragmatics (social use of language)
With these, it will help them to expand their vocabularies and are going to deeply
expand their knowledge. To become more effective in the future, their guardians
and teachers should guide them so that may correct the errors that might occur

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and to further evaluate the meanings of the words. Preschool children expand
their vocabulary through fast mapping a process by which hearing the word one
or twice and absorbing it’s meaning.
“Young children use language to communicate with others before they
can focus on their own thoughts” (Santrock 2002).
Along with the language development, language and social interactions is also
present to identify the factors that are still needed to be improve and children can
apply what they’ve learn in using those words appropriately while interacting with
others. Reflecting something within you is a good habit according to Vygotsky’s
approach pertaining to as an important tool in childhood contradicting with
Piaget’s point of view where inner speech is immature.
Preschoolers first interactions are with their parents or to any one who’s
taking good care to them. Those person is a big help in the development of their
interactions skills. Vygotsky also stated that to attain the highest development it
must be guided with skilled or knowledgeable person. Zone of Proximal
Development or the level of cognitive development attained by the child himself
while More knowledgeable other is when a child is guided with his cognitive
development.
Information Processing Theory- Attention and Memory
Information Processing Model’s concept is to test the development of
child’s cognitive aspect. Preschoolers memory retain on what is very significant
or what stand out in their point of view. Likewise, they also experience short-term
memory by which the information can only stay for 15-30 seconds without a
rehearsal.
Ages 2-5 their long-term memory begins. That is the reason why when they
reach the age prior to 2-3 they were not able to remember anything.
Ages 5-7 children learn how to focus and use their cognitive abilities in a specific
purpose.

The Young Children Theory of Mind

Theory of Mind – refers to individuals thought about how mental process
work (Santrock, 2002).
- a set of ideas about mental activities
At the young age, children became aware that mind exists because of the
following indications.
1. Early form of communication
2. Imitation
3. Make believe play

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 4. Language
5. Social interaction
There are different basis and ways on how to properly approach a child. Parents,
teachers and any other member of the community must learn these practices. Be
mindful on your words and actions. Note that what children see on you is what
they are going to do in the future.

III. Reflection
There is no happiest moment than being a child. Innocents and genuine
happiness were very evident. But becoming an adult most likely, you view the
children as a headache because of being naughty and stubborn. They are
different ideas why they were like that and the very first reason is, they are
learning. Coping up with the environment information and developing activities.
They are imagining some things that is out of the box. But their imaginations
result to be effective because they can use their minds in formulating those
ideas. This topic is very essential for us to know the stages on how preschoolers
develop their cognitive skills and for us to understand their tantrums. Prosper
their knowledge and also their character because everything starts from the
bottom. However, they shouldn’t experience such pressure in achieving those
things. Parents and teachers should guide them effectively.

Submitted to: Mrs. Belinda Velasquez