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èéêé{ëXìíïî=ð5ë7ñìJëXìíìëDòó[ô5õîDöÕ÷ë7î2ôî7ñîø9ùœë[í ò÷'ú ûü

outgoing
outgoing requests
requests after
after merging
merging incoming
incoming reservation
reservation requests
requests
SE((S2, S4){5B})
WF(* {5B})
reserve
reserve
SE((S1,
WF(*S2){5B})
{5B}) SE((S1, S2){2B})
WF(* {2B})
towards
towards S1,
S1, S2
S2 II (S1, S2, (*
S4){5B}
{5B}) II

reserve SE(S4{3B})
WF(* {3B})
reserve
SE((S3,
WF(*S4){5B})
{5B}) SE(S4, S6){2B})
WF(* {2B})
towards S3,
S3, S4
S4 II (S4, (*
S6){3B}
{3B}) II
towards
reserve
reserve
SE((S5,
WF(*S6){4B})
{5B}) SE(S2, S3, S5){4B})
WF(* {4B})
towards
towards S5,
S5, S6
S6 II (S2, S3, (*
S5){4B}
{4B}) II

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Domain B Domain C
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B4 BGMP
Join C3
Root domain
BGMP B3 C1 for group
BGMP B1 Join 224.1.128,254
Join C2
B2
D1
A2 A1
DWR

Receiver R D2
Sender S
BGMP Join Messages Domain D
Domain A Domain-Wide Reports allocated 224.1.130/24
allocated 224.1.192/20

Domain C
Domain B

B4
C3

B3 C1
B1
Domain A C2 Domain D
B2
A2 A1 D1

BGMP shared tree

R D2
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DM-PIM prune messages

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Domain C
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B4
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Domain D
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B2 D1
A2 A1
R (S,G) BGMP
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Graft
D2

Domain C
Domain B

B4
C3

B3 C1
B1 Prune
BGMP
Domain A Prune C2 Domain D
B2 D1
A2 A1

BGMP messages
R D2
BGMP shared tree S
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ns.isi.edu
ISI

whereis eve? eve is at east

ng
INVITE east.isi.edu Ri ing
INVITE eve@isi.edu eve@east.isi.edu R

200 OK
Contact: eve@east.isi.edu 200 OK
Contact:
isi.edu eve@east.isi.edu

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whereis eve? eve is at east

INVITE eve@isi.edu

301 Moved Temporarily

Contact: eve@east.isi.edu

isi.edu
INVITE
eve@east.isi.edu ng
Ri ing
200 OK R
Contact: eve@east.isi.edu

east.isi.edu

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east.isi.edu
INVITE eve@isi.edu
100 TRYING

301 Moved Temporarily isi.edu

Contact: eve@east.isi.edu

INVITE eve@isi.edu
ng
180 RINGING Ri ing
R

answer’s call
200 OK
Contact: eve@east.isi.edu
ACK eve@east.isi.edu

Audio and Video Data talking

talking

hangs
up BYE eve@east.isi.edu call finishes
200 OK

ACK eve@east.isi.edu

time

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INVITE sip:mjh@north.east.isi.edu SIP/2.0 request header and URL

Via:SIP/2.0/UDP east.isi.edu second relay
Via:SIP/2.0/UDP isi.edu first relay
Via:SIP/2.0/UDP chopin.cs.caltech.edu originating host
To: sip:mjh@isi.edu destination user
From: eve@cs.caltech.edu caller
CSeq:1 command sequence no.
Content−Type: application/sdp format of payload
Content−Length: 214 length of payload

v=0 payload: an SDP

description of the
o=eve 987329833 983264598 IN IP4 128.32.83.24 session this call
s=Quick call... is trying to set up
...

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INVITE eve@isi.edu isi.edu mobile27.isi.edu

m=audio, m=video INVITE eve@mobile27.isi.edu
m=audio, m=video

606 UNACCEPTABLE
606 UNACCEPTABLE Contact: eve@mobile27.isi.edu
Contact: eve@mobile27.isi.edu m=audio
m=audio
INVITE eve@mobile27.isi.edu
m=audio
ng
Ri ing
180 RINGING R

200 OK answer’s call

Contact: eve@mobile27.isi.edu
ACK eve@mobile27.isi.edu

talking Audio Data

talking

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Via:SIP/2.0/UDP isi.edu Via header for "east" already
removed by responding server
Via:SIP/2.0/UDP chopin.cs.caltech.edu
Refers to request "from"
To:sip:mjh@isi.edu and "to", not message from
From:eve@cs.caltech.edu and to
Contact:sip:mjh@north.east.isi.edu;tag=76fa98 Where the callee was found.
CSeq:1 Command sequence no.
Content−Type: application/sdp echoed from request
Content−Length: 214

v=0 payload specifying

the relevant addresses
o=eve 987329833 983264598 IN IP4 128.32.83.2 and ports on the callee’s
s=Quick call... machine
...

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Control
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Control Control Control

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Control Messages (CCCP)

Conceptualisation of CCCP Media Data

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Application
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Sender chooses a random key, and a mask

appropriate for the size of the conference.
Receivers also choose a random key.

Sender

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Key

Mask Each round, the sender reduces the mask by one,

and sends the key/mask pair again.

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 2

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 3

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 4

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 5

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 6

1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Round 7 - Receiver 2 matches key

Key Matches
Receiver 1 Receiver 2 Receiver 3

10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 10 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0

Receiver 2 can now request a retransmission

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Site 1 Site 2

change 1

change 2

change 3

Changes 1 and 3 prevail. Change 2 is seen briefly at site 2, then disappears.

Site 1 never sees Change 2 - it is already too old when it arrives at site 1.

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Site 1 Site 2

change 1

change 2

change 1 results in a line being split in two, creating a modified line and a new line.
change 2 modifies the original line.
In a simple scheme, the new line from change 1 and the modfied original from
change 2 remain. This is most likely with a network partition, but could also occur
due to simple transmission delays.

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ID: Payload: Prev: Next:

a null b

b a b

f b g

c b c

g f d

d c d

e e null

Lines added in our partition

Lines added in the other partition.

Region of inconsistency

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b null b

f b g

c DELETED b c

g f c

d c d

e e null

Lines added in other partition

Line deleted in our partition

Partition resolves to a consistent state

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Lines added in our partition

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disc drive

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àáWâãjä å3æ çÒæ éêë å3ì*í ä*ã î_í ãjä å%ï ð}ñ8òHñ í í*ä áW÷ ã í*å>å_õWå_ömå_ò
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Here is the Discussion of Discussion of

introduction slide 1 slide 2

àá.âã ä å3æjç#! éêëjå3ó]ñ ítñ>ðïäñvì ïãjä î_å2ñ ò óáWí ìáWò ó å_ô

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server
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recorders players
editors tools

applications

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select regions, add annotations, list annotations

indexes

data

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