EPC Challenges and Hot Topics

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www.huawei.com
EPC Challenges and Hot Topics

Huawei SingleEPC solution
Davide Astuti, EU Core Network Product Management
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Content
1 Challenges of EPC Deployment - Huawei Strategy
2 Huawei SingleEPC Features
3 Mobility / Deployment Strategies
4 Roadmap
Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 2

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
EPC Implementation Challenges
Integration
1 &Migration
2 QoS
Policy
3 Control
4 Platform
1 Integration
Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit

Integration & Migration
Integration QoS Policy & Charging Platform Market Update
Internet
Service Network
Gi SGi
GGSN PCRF IOT
UGW
Gx Gx
IOT
IOT/MVI with Technical

different vendors IOT
Evolution Path to
Gn
IOT
IOT
triple access
Gr S6a S11
Gn S1
SGSN
USN
IOT
Gb Iu
S1
GERAN UTRAN EUTRAN

Huawei IOT/MVI Experiences
Interface Huawei Product Other Vendor Product Other Vendor

S1 MME/SGW eNB NSN
MME/SGW eNB ALU
MME SGW Cisco
S11
MME SGW ALU
SGW MME ALU
S5 PGW SGW Cisco
PGW SGW ALU
SGW PGW Cisco
SGW PGW ALU
MME HSS Ericsson
S6a
MME HSS Bridgewater
MME HSS ALU
MME HSS NSN
Gx PGW PCRF Camiant
PGW PCRF NSN
PGW PCRF ALU
S10 MME MME Ericsson

EPC & Common LTE/3G Core
Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit

Path to Common Core
Phase 0(a) Phase 0(b) Phase 1 Phase 2
Overlay for Nomad Control Plane Final Convergence

Interworking for Roaming
(Early phase) Convergence (Target Network)
• Overlay deployment • Introduce UGW as GGSN/ • Introduce USN as MME/ • Introduce S4 SGSN
• No interworking SGW/PGW combination SGSN combination • Upgrade all existing
between GU and LTE • Start interworking test • Consider VoLTE SGSN/GGSN to USN/UGW
• Scenario: Rural • Scenario: Rural coverage • Scenario: Dual mode • Scenario: SingleEPC for
coverage or nomad or nomad mode for data data card and handset GUL triple access
mode for data card card with seamless roaming

Impact Summary
Internet
Deployment consideration Node impact
Service Network PLMNID SGSN
• Suggest to reuse GU • Gateway selection
Gi SGi PLMNID: no need to change • NACC (option)
GGSN PCRF UGW USIM, better performance of • Transfer eNB id when UL handover
Gx Gx cell reselection. BSC/RNC MME
Ga need upgrade. • SGSN/MME mixed pool consideration
APN HLR/HSS
Ga • Same APN for data service • Unified subscriber database or
Ga
• Consider new APN for voice interworking between HLR/HSS
CG
service later PCRF
Gn IMSI Number Range • Both R7/R8 PCC support
Gr S6a S11
• Depend on HSS deployment CG
Gn S1 • No requirement if unified SDB • New CDR format support
SGSN deployed • High storage due to longer CDR format
USN
• Interworking between SAE- DNS
Gb Iu
HSS and HLR shall be • NAPTR support flexible Gateway
S1 supported if no new IMSI selection in EPC
range for LTE
IP Transport Network
GERAN UTRAN EUTRAN • Latency in backhaul < 10ms
bi-direction

Huawei Strength for Triple Access
Dynamic Resource Sharing

• Single node for triple access with full feature parity
• Dynamic resource sharing among GUL: same hardware, same software, same configuration
Feature Parity:
• USN: All IP interface supported as 3GPP definition and TDM / ATM support for legacy 2G service
• UGW: Inherit all existing PCC & Charging features

E2E QoS Consideration
Different QoS domains

Mobility
and mechanisms
• EPS bearer level (3GPP defined) • Hand-Over between access types

• Layer 3 QoS (e.g. DiffServ) • Frequent changes of radio conditions
• Layer 2 QoS (Ethernet QoS, MPLS) • Backhaul QoS  IPPM Solution
QoS Monitoring System Service Differentiator
• What to monitor • Subscription based Already

• How to monitor SmartCare MDT • Policy Control and DPI deployed in
• How to analyze the results • Service enabled QoS EPC

IPPM
How to guarantee the Objective:

eNodeB IP QoS?
• Acquire available bandwidth in transport
Metropolitan bandwidth variation scenarios
eNodeB Area Network • Maintain fairness and differentiation between
EPC
flow-control services in transport bandwidth
variation scenarios
eNodeB
IPPM detects QoS between eNodeB &EPC IPSQM adjust transmission automatically
ACT FM FM FM DEA S-GW

t SPU SRU
S-GW eNodeB
Detecting
SD GM CFG
Stop
Start
……
eNodeB
t SQ: subscriber queue GQ: group queue
eNodeB ACT ACK BR BR BR DEA ACK
CFG: Configure S1-U bandwidth
IPPM monitor IP QoS, including: GM: Maintenance IPPM detecting result,
throughput, packet loss rate, delay and jitter, configure downlink queue
average bi-directional delay, etc SD: Do the shaping and adjustment

IPPM
Open Close Open Close

Testing Result for IPPM&IPSQM in EU Trial Network
Challenges: The transmission of S1-U for several eNBs is based on the micro wave which is
around 80Mbps. There is no shaping functionality in the micro wave equipment.
Test Result:
• Before IPPM&IPSQM is used, the transmission rate of TCP stream is about 20Mbps due to
the re-transmission.
• After the usage of IPPM&IPSQM, the TCP transmission rate can grow near 80Mbps.

Minimization of Drive Test (MDT)
GPS Satellite System

Solution
NMS • E-SMLC integration for UE
location calculation
EMS • Multiple Position
(M2000)
Mechanism with A-GPS
1 Position & OTDOA Position
• End to end Solution for
5 automatic MDT test
A-GPS Position A-GPS Receiver
Benefit
E-SMLC
2 4
3
• Greatly reduce the network
eNodeB USN
OTDOA Position measurement and planning
1. MDT request • Extensive for more

2. UE signaling condition measurement advance service
3. UE position calculation with E-SMLC application by precise
4. UE position generation location information
5. UE signaling and position report
OTDOA: Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

Operator Case Study – E2E QoS
Customer Requirement
• E2E QoS control for EPC deployment:
MME/SGW/PGW/PCRF
• Flexible control for VoIP/RTP service:
different QoS for different service, DSCP
marking, block, redirect, etc
Dedicated bearer usage

• Dedicated bearer setup together with default
bearer or setup based on DPI for VoIP/RTP
• Different QoS support for each subscriber
• Setup GBR with different QoS parameter for
DPI
different services (FTP, RTSP, RTP, VoIP):
GBR for all services or GBR for dedicated
service Default Bearer
VoIP Service Control Dedicated Bearer for FTP: GBR=xxx

• Google Talk: latest version blocked
Dedicated Bearer for VoIP
• Skype: block both voice and IM
Qtel International & Huawei Confidential

Challenges of Policy & Charging
Service-specific
exemption or priority
User-driven limits
based on URL, apps
etc
Multi-network
plans
Time of day,
day-specific
plans
Device-specific
plans
More Complexity, More
Congestion-
Control
driven policy
Customer
notification
Soft caps
Consumption
Question: Is your company planning to deploy common tiers
policy tools across the following access networks?
Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit
• Feature Parity • DPI Capability • Performance Degradation

Feature Parity
SAE V100R001C01 SAE V100R001C02 SAE V100R001C03
SAE1.0 SAE1.1 SAE1.2
PS9.0/ PS10.0/
PS8.2
PS9.1 11.0/12.0
PS7.0 PS7.1 PS8.0/PS8.1
UGW
Packet Access Service
OM
Forwarding Mgmt Control
• One common software for both EPC Software (PGP)
and PS product lines) Middleware (VRP/Dopra)
• Feature parity between different OS
hardware configuration(SPUd/SPUe…) Driver/BSP
Hardware (SPUd/SPUe/SPUf)

Application Management Capability
Abundant Experiences(183-CBB sites, 42 P2P/VoIP control sites, 35

DPI reporting sites, 20+ DPI Reporting sites)
1000+ Fast Slow

Protocol path
identification separation
1 DPI Engine Self

+ Multiple design
knowledge Chips
DB

Case Study: Mobile VoIP Management
• Skype: account for ~60% mobile VoIP traffic

Challenges Solution Benefits
• Data encryption: AES, RC4, • Heuristic DPI : based on behavior •Policy can be set to
RSA, SHA1,MD5 analysis of multi-packet and • Allow or block Skype user
• Proprietary encryption algorithm: multi-flow data from different login
SkypeKSA nodes in Skype communication • Control PC2PC bandwidth
• Strong obfuscation ability network. • Control PC2Phone
• Throttling detection • Media connection identification. bandwidth
• Viber: Fast growth to 10M subs in last 5 months

One Huawei Customer under NDA: Throttling bronze user in peak hour,mVoIP uplink
MBR :20kbps downlink MBR : 200kbps (Field trial June, launch in July 2011)
• Vbuzzer: Popular VoIP client in Middle East region

Benchmark test in UAE, final winner against other two Standalone DPI specialists

Increasing Processing Complexity
Smart Pipe / Content

（Bytes/flow, Instructions / Packet)
Smart Pipe （200K,100K)
Design for LTE
（2K,50K)
Design for Smart Device Video Opt
Bit Pipe （1K,30K) Smartphone Opt
Service Differentiation
（0,4K) Design for HSPA Congestion Control

Security Enhancement
Design for GPRS Content based E2E Visibility
Multiple Bearer binding
Charging
GTP encapsulation
Bandwidth Management
PDP Charging
DPI Reporting
IP/UDP Header GTP Header IP /TCP Header HTTP Header HTTP Payload

Global MBB Traffic Increasing
Smartphone drive up
+210%
Dongle drive up
UMTS Signaling per SAU @ BH UMTS User/PDP Throughput 2007-2010

Source: Top 30 Operators Average of Huawei reference
“Average Throughput per SAU” increased 5 times in 3 years

“Average Signalling load per SAU” increased 4 times in 3 years
Platform Strategy
Scalability in multiple direction Multiple Purpose Platform

40X Normal Throughput Service LAN
Web Opt
FMC 2013 2.4Tbps
EPC 2010 60Gbps Content

20X Filtering
EPC M2M User
2013 2010 SecGW
800K TPS 20K TPS Density
Smartphone 2010 2013 DPI
40X 2M Bearer 40M Bearer PDSNASN GW
Signalling Direct Tunnel SR
DCC GGSN SAE GW HA
2010 15Gbps
PCC ePDG BNG
2013 1.2Tbps TTG/PDG
80X DPI Throughput Access Technologies

Single Strategy
Service
Layer Web Location Sharing Presence IM SMS TAS
NMS
OCS HSS
CG PCRF SPR BE MSC CSCF

Service Support and Call Control
Single Platform Multiple Application

Core 3
Network SGSN MSC 2 2 GGSN BRAS
M2000
MME HSS S/PGW PDG
EMS
Carrier Grade Platform VRP One OSS
Carrier Grade Linux OS
1 ATCA Platform PGP Platform 1
Control Plane - USN User Plane - UGW
Access
Layer
1 Multi-purpose Platform Unified Product

2 3 One OSS
ATCA and PGP 2G/3G/4G convergence and FMC Managing all core network NEs

P-GW
Internet
Combined -
1 2 3 4 17 18 5 6 7 GW
MME-pool L L L S MM S S S
S-GW PPPPPP PPP
U U U UU U U U U
~50% of signaling SFU
SFU
SFU
SFU
X 100 times paging
SSSSSSSSS
PPPPPPPPP
UUUUUUUUU
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
E-UTRAN
TA TA TA TA
TA TA TA TA TA TA
TA TA TA TA TA
X 25 times handover
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 23

Single Strategy
Key ATCA or other generic platform PGP platform

techniques
Bandwidth per slot Maximum 10Gbps in PICMG3.0 40G~100Gbps
40Gbps/slot standard will be formally finalized within The bandwidth per slot depends on the type of SFU
mid 2011 (PICMG3.1) boards.
Suitable for IP Edge considering throughput of SAE
and FMC (integrated BRAS)
Switch fabric Limited Ethernet-switch fabric Proprietary and higher capability switching fabric
Max 10Gbps per slot, hard to achieve 40Gbps or 640Gbps per slot via packet length and protocol
higher due to the limitation of Ethernet switching independent switching mechanism
technology
Power budget Max 200w/slot in PICMG3.0 350w/slot in average
Hard to achieve higher throughput Plan to increase to 600+ w/slot in the coming years for
No clear roadmap to improve power budget even higher throughput. Hosting FPGAs for on circuitry
L7 service identification
QoS support Weaker QoS support Stronger QoS support
Ethernet-Switch causes higher latency and jitter. 256K or even 512k QoS queue scheduling
Performance impacted by packet length. Dedicated Traffic management chips for 3 to 5 layer
Simple queue scheduling mechanism: 8 queues per hierarchical queue scheduling
slot Advanced scheduling technology like Virtual Output
Queue for better QoS support
IP Transport Un-proven in the IP service Edge Proven and reliable Multi-Service-Edge Router
Off-the-shelf Ethernet boards and IP routing stacks Leverage abundance of IPv4/v6 routing features
Leverage MPLS and VPN features

No.1 References of Huawei GSM/UMTS PS
Solution
Serving for 625M subscribers in the world Rank 1st with 30 percent market share, 2010
Wireless Packet Core Market 2010

Global Huawei PS
shipment
accumulative total
delivery 625 22.3%
(Million SAU) 7.2% Huawei
370 14.3%
Ericsson
215
115 25.9% NSN
2007 2008 2009 2010 30.3% Cisco
Others
Data source: Dell'Oro

Serving 625M subscribers in 230+
Networks, 120+ countries (till 2010Q4)
Serving 25 of global top 30 operators

No.1 References of Huawei EPC Solution
Germany Evolution from

Austria 2/3G to LTE/EPC
Croatia Russia
America
Germany Uzbekistan China
Sweden
1st commercial
Armenia China
E2E QoS EPC
Norway UAE Hongkong solution
Poland Saudi Arab
Latvia Saudi Arab E2E solution

Kuwait LTE+EPC+ HSS+
IMS
Saudi Arab
Australia 1st commercial

GUL convergent
EPC network
22 EPC commercial contracts in the world, 8 in Europe. 80+ EPC Trials

Content
1 Challenges of EPC Deployment – Huawei Strategy
Network Visibility
Smart Bandwidth Management
SmartPhone Optimization
EPC Specific Solutions
USN / UGW
4 Roadmap

Network Visualization
Challenge in MBB See what happened Smart Solutions
Minor subs, most traffic User visible, to see who is the valuable
Bandwidth management
Service visible, to see which is the best

KPI ≠ End user experience New Service Advisory
85.00 6.00
5.50
5.08 5.00
80.00 4.74
4.27 4.20
4.00
75.00 2008
3.29 3.10
2.92 2.74 3.00
2009
70.00
1.922.00 Drop value
65.00
1.00
60.00 0.00
Rush expansion for hotspot Network visible, to see where is the Precise network planning
hotspot

Multiple dimensions of visibility
Network Visibility Service Visibility User Visibility

What’s the Smart Phone Service Behavior ?
Smart phone traffic
 Smartphone Service Reporting:
distribution 14
 Analysis of smartphones traffic 13
12 11.9MB
distribution by terminal types 10
 Analysis report based on terminal 7.09MB

8.15 MB
6.29 MB
numbers, total traffic, average traffic
 Analysis the top N services of
selected smartphone types
iPhone 3GS HTC Hero Nokia E72 Blackberry
Traffic volume Terminal numbers
Top N service of Smart phone

Top 10 Websites
Customer Benefits:
Website index Website Total Traffic(MBytes)
stagevu n38.stagevu.com 460
 Understanding the terminal distribution in empflix cdn-14.empflix.com 315
googlevideo v23.lscache5.googlevideo.com 274
the network movshare
windowsupdate
fs.movshare.net
au.download.windowsupdate.com
244
216
hhcenter content5.hhcenter.com 168
 Make proper marketing plan for facebook video.ak.facebook.com 164
slutload-media v-ec.slutload-media.com 162
smartphones fds-fire.nokia nds2.fds-fire.nokia.com 161
megavideo www403.megavideo.com 152
Page 30
Content
Network Visibility
USN / UGW
4 Roadmap

What happens in current MBB network?
Location Subscriber Service
• 60% traffic in 10+% cells • 70% traffic by 5% users • P2P kills almost 50% traffic
• 70 % traffic indoor • 70%~80% traffic for Internet
SP/CP
Time Terminal Radio Access Type
• 60%~70% traffic in Busy • 14 times higher signaling • Most of the top operators
Hours by Smartphone have more than one access
• 30 times volume by iPhone network
• 450 times with USB dongle

Experience Enhancement
Overview of Policy Control VIP Solution
Emergency Service
Superior Service Quality

Time/Date
Background Service
Management
10:00-18:00 Multi-Input -> Smart Policy-> Accurate Control
Position/RAT
Revenue Increase
Congestion
PCRF
Service Self-subscription
User Group Quota Sharing

VIP
Specific Service Promotion
Terminal-specific Package
Policy Condition Gx Policy Action
Terminal
Efficiency Improvement
Quota RAN PCEF Instant Message Optimization

80%
25% Low value Service Management
used
used Hot-spot Traffic Management
DPI service awareness and policy FUP

Application
execution done by PCEF
(GGSN/SAE-GW) Radio-specific Package

Enhanced FUP
Bandwidth (bps)
Family Quota Slide Window Quota
Time
 0% Quota used - Initial 2Mbps
2M  50% Quota used -Reduce to 128Kbps Master day 4+2
 95% Quota used - Warning Account
 Quota exhausted - Cut service day 4+1
1M
Quota is 2G
Total day4
384K for window 2
Quota
day3 Quota is 2G for
128K
window 1
day2
0 0.5 1 5 10 Slave Accounts
Usage (GB) day1 Usage
FUP value proposition One service package for a group of
Except for the quota for one
user, such as family or lover
Balancing traffic burst month, we can define the slide
quota window for several days,
Abundant service package Service based FUP even one day
Increase bandwidth value Quota Top-Up
VoIP
Normal Specific
quota quota free
Buy Extra Quota
FUP is very necessary and Online Quota
valuable if carrier use flat rate premium services like Walled-Garden Warning when quota nearly
service package! VoIP, Streaming with specific quota, exhausted, and top-up from
some service can be free website by yourself

Case: Service Based FUP in Tier1 EU
Operator
PCRF
Requirements:
General Off-peak
• Separated off-peak quota from general quota. Quota Quota
1 2
• If the off-peak is not exhausted, the off-peak quota will CCR_U CCR_U
be used Monitor Key = 01 Monitor Key = 02
• Otherwise, the general quota will be used

SGSN GGSN
• If both off-peak and general quota are depleted, the Time Range Monitor-Key
bandwidth will be degraded.
9:00~15:00 & 19:00~22:00 01
The rest time range 02
Huawei Solution:
 The 1st Service Based FUP Solution deployed in
 UGW: 3GPP Rel 9 based Monitor-Key to report
the world and 3GPP R9 based
volume as per time slot:
 No other vendor supports this feature
• Monitor-Key = 1 for Peak hour according one China Tier 1 operator survey
conducted in Dec 2010
• Monitor-Key = 2 for Non-Peak hour
 Phase2: Diverse monitor-keys for different
• PCRF: Maintain 2 quotas for one Subscriber Roaming-to Countries
 Easy to apply in other scenarios, e.g., excluding
premium services from normal FUP quota

VIP Guarantee Solution
Bandwidth Web Video/audio P2P Others

Quota
Limits BrowsingStreaming
Quota Price Max Min
No 500 Priority 3
10GB €30
Limit kbps
Priority Priority
1 2
5GB €20 2 200
Mbps kbps
Best Best
1 Efforts Efforts
1GB €10 100
Mbps kbps Priority 3
• Focus on User priorities & Choices: User differentiated by:

• Business – email, browsing, Mobile CRM • Time of day
• Allow users to „pick and mix‟ packages • Location,
• Real-time „boost‟ upgrades • Application type
• Personalisation & control • Terminal type

Radio Bandwidth Optimization Solution
Before action Action After action
P2P
throttling
bandwidth management action:
 Throttle 30% P2P traffic in Congestion
high load cells from 16:00 to Overload level 3
20:00 Overload level 2
Overload level 1
 Throttle 15% P2P traffic in Normal
other cells from 16:00 to 20:00

Case: Low-value Service Management
Challenge:
 Data traffic boost dramatically, throughput increase

38% within two months Subs usage (Mbytes)
30
 Network throughput reach 3Gbps, more than 50% 25 Voip 15％
consumed by P2P service 20
P2P 50％
15
 More than 37% data card user with flat fee policy
10 Http 31％
5
Solution: Top subscribers Top applications
 Low-value service management Time slot for the policy activated:

PM 2:00～AM 2:00
 P2P limited time 2pm-2am
 P2P limited policy: Maximum P2P bandwidth 500 Mbps

Bandwidth saved
per GGSN
VoIP
Value:
P2P restricted to
 Save 520Mbps bandwidth (2 sets GGSN) P2P
500Mbps
 Reduce network invest cost about 3.7 million dollars

Http
 Quickly optimization to meet traffic boost

E2E VoLTE QoS Guarantee Mechanism
LTE UE RAN EPC IMS IP Network
Network Centric
P-CSCF Unified Dynamic
QoS Control
E-UTRAN MME
Rx
End-to-End QoS
EPS Bearer QoS

Gx PCRF
Radio Bearer QoS SAE Bearer QoS IP Transport
Network
Transport Bearer QoS

S/P-GW
QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions
• VQE functions, • Radio resource • EPS bearer • PCC QoS • IP transport

e.g. jitter buffer, allocation, setup policy/rules QoS control and
etc packet • PCEF functions control guarantee
• Radio scheduling, UL • VQE functions
optimization filtering, etc • QoS mapping
tech for VoIP • Radio • IP filtering,
• Service QoS optimization traffic shapping,
request initiation tech for VoIP etc

DPI in GGSN/UGW - Internal
Message Flow
Slow Path
Shallow Packet L7 Inspection &
Fast Path Inspection Behavior Analysis
HTTP
PF SPI DPI
RTSP MSN
Flow-node Application P2P BT

L3/L4 Parser Protocol Identify
match
… …
Application Application
Ingress
Protocol Identify Layer Inspection GET URL
Download Success
Service Control
…… …
Set Flow table Set Flow table
Policy Set Policy Set Policy
Enforcement
SPU Board
Egress
•Fast path for ongoing / identified traffic
•Slow path for new connection or specific traffic (reporting/charging…)

Packet Inspection Capability (1 of 2)
Category Application
Normal L3/L4
Browsing HTTP, WAP, MMS, Google Earth, Facebook, Jajah_HTTP (VOIP), Habbo, CinemaNow, BianFengGame_HTTP,
Dofus_UIData, Dofus_Upgrade, Fetion_IM_HTTP, FoxNews_Text, FoxNews_Video, FoxNews_Radio,
KJava_Download, OMA_Download, MSN_HTTP_Browse, PoPo_HTTP, QVoD_HTTP, Woool_HTTP,
Yahoo_HTTP
File Access FTP, TFTP, NetBios, SMB, 360, Aliww_Transfer, Baidu_hi_Transfer, FrostWire_HTTP, shion_HTTP, ICUII,
Protocol KuBao_TransFile, Pichat_Update, WinPopupX_TransFile, WOW_HTTP, Xfire
Email POP3/SMTP/IMAP, IMAPV3, IMAP_SSL, POP3_SSL, IMAPV2, X.400, OWA, SMTP_SSL, Webmail
Streaming RTSP/RTP/RTCP/RDT, Youtube, Aol_Uncut_Video, flash_streaming, iTunes, ITunes_HTTP, Veoh, rtmp, RDT,
Icecast, Joost_Streaming, ShoutCast, CBS_Streaming, ABC_Streaming, Baidu_HMovie_HTTP, HuLu, GOM_TV,
IFilm, DailyMotion_RTMP, BrightCove, NicoVideo, BlipTV, Crackle, ShockWave, Last_Fm, MetaCafe, Revver,
ValveSteamVideoOnline, SlingBox, MLBTV, VEOHTV, RTMP, Yahoo Video, Yahoo_Video_RTMP, FOX_RTMP,
NBCStreaming_RTMP, BBCiplayer_RTMP
P2P Bittorrent, eDonkey/eMule, PPLive, Thunder, limewire, FeiDian, QQLive, Gnutella, Fasttrack. PPStream, Vuze,
DirectConnect, KUGOO, KuGoo_HTTP, PPGou, POCO, BaiBao, Maze, TVAnts, UUSee, Vagaa, BBSee,
QQDownLoad, MySee, Filetopia, Soulseek, Sopcast, TVU, BearShare, KooWo
VOIP MSN, Skype, RTP, QQ, Kondge_NetPhone, Google Talk, GBPhone, UUCall, Yahoo_voip , Lava Lava, ShangYang,
TelTel, IAX, H323, SIP, H245, MGCP, Net2Phone, MEGACO, SIPgate, RTCP, ICQ, HeadCall, Ventrilo,
Paltalk_Voip, TeamSpeak2, BetaMax_Voip, Globe7, …
Instant MSN Messenger , Skype, Yahoo, AOL, ICQ, MSN_IM, Fetion, Skype_IM, Google-Talk_IM, GoogleTalk_StunData,
Messaging GoogleTalk_HTTP, QQ_IM, SinaUC_IM, Sina_Transfer, TelTel_IM, AliTalk_IM, DoShow_IM, XiaoNeiTong_IM,
Lava_Lava_IM, Jabber_SSL, Ares, TOnline_IM, IM+_Googletalk, Gadu-Gadu, Paltalk_IM, Gizmo, OoVoo_IM,
Mail_Ru_Agent_Other, Mail_Ru_Agent_PhoneChat, Mail_Ru_Agent_SendFile, Meebo_VideoChat, Mig33,
Mig33_HTTP, MySpaceIM, Nate_IM, NetMeeting, Nimbuzz_Audio, OSCAR, Pichat, Retroshare, Shareaza_Chat,
Shareaza_DownLoad, SightSpeed_Audio_Chat, SightSpeed_Video_Chat, Sina_Common_Chat_Control,
Trillian_login, Trillian_PhoneChat, Trillian_VideoChat, Vbuzzer, VZOchat, Web_MSN, Web_Yahoo,
WebMail_Mail_IM, WebQQ, WinPopupX, Xfire, YY

Packet Inspection Capability (2 of 2)
Categor Application
y
Gaming SECOND_LIFE, Quake, Quake_live_HTTP,BattleField, Diablo, Warcraft, QQFantacy, QQGame,
Legend_Of_Mir2, Legend_Of_Mir3, DaFuWeng, QQHuaXia, QQCar, MoYu, TouMingZhuang, JingTian,
TeZhongBuDui, JinShanGame, JinShanGame_Update, KuaiLeXiYou, EVE_Online, MaoXianDao,
DaTangHaoXia, MoJie, JuRen, Need_For_Speed, YahooGame, Elite_Force, Black And White, F22,
DaHuaXiYou_HTTP, SECOND_LIFE_HTTP, Asheron, Kali, RuneScape
Network TOR, Socks5, RADIUS, SNMP, L2TP, SSL, IKEv2, IKEv1, PPTP, DHCP, STUN, NTP, SSDP, OpenVPN,
Administration Hopster, Diameter, Kerberos, MDNS, , GP, Syslog, PacketiX, RTelnet, JAP, MicrosoftNetSend, BOOTP,
Socks4, Socks4A, STUNT, NetBios
Remote RDP, Telnet, RPC, SSH, Citrix, Citrix_SSL, PcAnywhere, Citrix_HTTP
Connectiviity
Storage MegaUpload, RapidShare, Badongo, MySQL, LDAP, TDS, ClubBox, NS_Namipan, CDDB,
Carbonite,Esnips, GoGoBox, SQL_Server, Wuala
Mobile WAP_Sec_ConnLess, WAP_Sec_Conn, Fring_voip,Fring_im, iskoot
Others BlackBerry, DNS, WindowsUpdate, SymantecLiveUpdate, nntp, NNTP_SSL, DCERPC, EPM, FLV,
IPv6_Over_UDP, ShengDa_Prot_Data, SOAP_HTTP, Tencent_Prot_Data, Vtalk, KuGoo
Huawei GGSN/UGW supports classification of 900+ protocols

Overall Procedure for Signature Update
Triggering Sampling Identification
Operators’ Local
Representative Preparation
Demand
Development
New Edition of Regional
mainstream Lab
application Verification
Unknown DPI Competence

Packet in Center Release
Service
Reporter
 Dedicated application identification team (Development & Test team) with Strong reverse engineering
capabilities
 Selected local partner
 Specialists in Sweden and USA R&D center focus on DPI architecture and recognition technologies
 Keep close eye on new edition of mainstreaming applications

Advantages of Internal DPI vs. External
DPI
Internal DPI in GGSN External DPI Box
Function E2E QoS Support Natively Not Support
Visibility of User Support Natively Require GGSN To Provide

Information (IMSI, APN,
Charging ID etc.)
Second PDP Context Support Natively Require GGSN To Provide

Activation
Charging Precise Un-Precise
Performance Throughput Depends On Product Depends On Product
Time Delay Normal Extra Time Delay
Deployment O&M Normal One More Network Entity
Multi Access Require GGSN To Upgrade Support Natively

Technologies
3GPP Standards Fully Compliant Partially Compliant

Content
Network Visibility
USN / UGW
4 Roadmap

Huge Signaling & Traffic Arise from
Smartphone 55% signaling 50 times traffic 50 times traffic
traffic by 8% increased by increased by
iPhone Blackberry iPhone
★ ★
Operator 5
Operator 1
★
★ Operator 2
Operator 3
Operator 4
★
Operator 6
★ Source: Huawei Marketing Intelligence
30 minutes down for

70% signaling load+ 4 crashes in half
overload
after promoting year due to signaling
Blackberry boom
1x + + >14x
Causes of Signaling Storm
 Powered-on Signaling
Connection Storm
Application Service Request

 Fast
Dormancy Server
PDP Ctxt Activation
GGSN
Gn PDP Modification
 Reconnection after
Deactivation PDP Context
Deactivation
SGSN
 Always-online Iu Release
Heartbeat
Iu Paging
RAN
 Push Service Service
Request
 Virus-initiated Port
Scanning Source: Huawei Smart Lab
Special behaviors of smartphone & service application lead to signaling storm

Case 1: Automatic Retry  Overload
One Middle-east Operator
Overload Overload
Retry
BB 9700 SGSN GGSN AAA
Description: Analysis:
• The link between GGSN and AAA was lost •PDP was activated before AAA accounting to lower
service delay
Network initiated PDP deactivation, but
•
Blackberry terminals kept retrying •Accounting failed due to connection loss, GGSN
initiated PDP deactivation
• Both GGSN and SGSN were overloaded
•PDP was de-activated, Blackberry
(APN:blackberry.net) required always-on so kept
retrying
• This resulted in GGSN and SGSN overload

Case 2: Automatic Retry  Overload
Iu signaling surge 5 times
SGSN Overload
One North America Operator
Description:
• RIM Firewall down  Iu signaling surge
• RNC, SGSN overload
Analysis:
•RIM E-mail Server unreachable results in network
initiated PDP deactivation
• Blackberry automatically retries again and again
RNC Overload

Case 3: Virus Scanning  Overload
Description:
•Large volume of signaling
burst in SGSN
•SGSN CPU load reached up
to 95% in peak (average was
only 20%-30%)
•PS service delays and
unavailable
Analysis:
•Signaling load were from
Paging
•Paging storm was due to
One EU Operator (iPhone introduced) continuous incoming IP
scans initiated by outside
hackers
SGSN overloaded by many CPU Load Peak

Smartphone Optimization Solution
40X Performance Improvement
UE RNC Specific Smart Applications SmartCare

• Intelligent Paging Control Smartphone Identify Smart Direct Tunnel Specific
Cell_PCH reporting
& for
URA_PC different
H signaling
models
Strong Platform Performance Smart Lab

Overload Control
Strong • 64X Overload Control
RNC • Trigger overload control based on load status of neighbor node
Platform
Dynamic signaling & user Strong signaling handling in
plane resource allocation both USN and UGW
E2E Deployment Optimization
Fine tuning on CN/RAN/UE Core Network service optimization Security across core
network

Smartphone Identify Based on Signaling Behavior
Typical Signaling Behavior Smartphone Penetration
G6 G7
G5 1% 1% G8
Symbian/ 1% 1%
Other
WM G9
10% G4
25% 1%
Smartphone = YES Android 1%
Blackberry 12% G10
25% G3 1%
1%
Iphone
25% G2 Milestone
1% G1 1%
1% Milestone2
1%
Smartphone Identification
• “Smartphone” is classified by signaling behavior
instead of the appearance and functions
• APPs on Smartphone, including port scanning,

generate much higher signaling load
• Heuristic behavior analysis done in Huawei USN

with statistics. Further analysis can be done by
SmartCare

Smartphone DT & Smart Paging
Smart Direct Tunnel Smart Paging
TA or RA
SGSN
DSCP=High
DSCP=Mid
Paging DSCP=Low
MME/SGSN UGW Application Servers

Node B RNC GGSN
Smart Paging 1. ACL
based on DSCP 2. DSCP Marking
value
Smart Direct Tunnel Smart Paging

• When DT enabled, signaling storm hit GGSN directly. • ACL: UGW configure ACL rule, e.g. on typical ports of
being scanned, to reduce unnecessary paging
• If Smartphone switch between active & idle (fast
dormancy), SGSN/GGSN will switch between one • Mark: GGSN/PGW mark DSCP for service data flow
tunnel and two tunnels to preserve PDP context after DPI and send it to SGSN/MME, e.g. walled-
garden VoIP or streaming services with highest
• Frequent “Update PDP” signaling results in 20-60 paging priority
times signaling load increase to GGSN.
• Control: SGSN/MME uses the DSCP value as input
• SGSN disable DT for all identified “Smartphone” for paging control

Selective Reject Code
Parking APN
Network Initiated Detach
Restrain Restrain Restrain
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
Selected Parking APN Network init

SGSN9810
reject code. detach
Blackberry
 Get IMEI from
Parking APN Network init
terminals.
detach event alarm
HTC Desire  Detect
when abnormal PDP
Parking APN Network init detaching act retries.
detach users
iPhone  methods
selection and
Network init execution
Alarm
detach based on
Other Phone
terminal types.
Abnormal
ambundant PDP
act retry
Page 54
Content
Network Visibility
USN / UGW
4 Roadmap

VoLTE
Optimized Easy & Fast

performance VoLTE Deployment

Voice
Data Only Data + CS voice Data + IMS voice Full multimedia
VoIP
G/U/L handsets
handsets
PCC &
QoS

Voice
Higher spectrum effiency, Lower TCO
+300% user capacity gain compared to CS

Voice
E2E VoPS QoS Guarantee Mechanism
LTE UE RAN EPC IMS IP Network
Network Centric
P-CSCF Unified Dynamic
QoS Control
E-UTRAN MME
Rx
End-to-End QoS
EPS Bearer QoS

Gx PCRF
Radio Bearer QoS SAE Bearer QoS IP Transport
Network
Transport Bearer QoS

S/P-GW
QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions QoS Functions
• VQE functions, • Radio resource • EPS bearer • PCC QoS • IP transport

e.g. jitter buffer, allocation, setup policy/rules QoS control and
etc packet • PCEF functions control guarantee
• Radio scheduling, UL • VQE functions
optimization filtering, etc • QoS mapping
tech for VoIP • Radio • IP filtering,
• Service QoS optimization traffic shapping,
request initiation tech for VoIP etc

Voice
3GPP Traffic Definition
QCI Bearer Example Services Delay Packet loss
Type rate
1 Conversational Voice 100 ms 10-2
2 Conversational Video (Live 150 ms 10-3

GBR Streaming)
3 Real Time Gaming 50 ms 10-3
4 Non-Conversational Video 300 ms 10-6

(Buffered Streaming)
5 IMS Signaling 100 ms 10-6
6 TCP-based
(e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, 300 ms 10-6
Non-GBR
p2p, progressive video)
7 Voice, Video, Interactive
Gaming 100 ms 10-3
8 TCP-based 300 ms 10-6

(e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp,
9 p2p, progressive video) 100 ms 10-2

Voice
Rx Based VoLTE
Policy controller CSCF
PCRF
•Admission and scheduling is SPR

performed using QCI, ARP
•Bandwidth is enforced by UE-AMBR •PCRF receives Rx trigger
for Voice
•PCRF activates PCC rules
in PGW
eNB •PGW established dedicated
VoIP bearer
MME
Default Bearer Internet Internet
Default singalling Bearer IMS
On demand VoIP bearer GW (PCEF)
UE
• Three bearer model

• default bearer to Internet APN
• signalling bearer to VoIP APN
• on demand VoIP bearer to VoIP APN

Voice
CS – Fallback Concept
Allows offering voice service to LTE users before IMS deployed
CSFB is an inter-system handover from LTE to 2G or 3G where circuit-switched voice calls

can be served, for both MO and MT calls
If supported by the networks, also on-going PS service is handed over (seamless or hard
handover)
LTE island
PS
LTE
LTE
LTE
CS
LTE
GSM/WCDMA

Voice
CS Fallback
Payload
MSC/VLR
Paging Response NodeB RNC
Inter-system change
2G/3G
SGs
LTE
MME
Paging
eNodeB SAE-GW
CS fallback will be important:

- As interim solution for initial LTE rollout
- For inbound voice-centric LTE roamers (optional to support for VPLMN)

Voice
VoLTE
IMS domain
MGCF
SAE Signaling
IMS Signaling
Data (VOIP) CSCF IMS-MGW SS7
MME 3
1
2
MSC
3 PLMN
S-GW P-GW
eNodeB
SAE

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

1 Challenges of EPC Deployment - Huawei Strategy

2 Huawei SingleEPC Features

3 Mobility / Deployment Strategies

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 2

Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 3

IOT/MVI with Technical

GERAN UTRAN EUTRAN

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 4

Interface Huawei Product Other Vendor Product Other Vendor

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 5

Source: HeavyReading 2011.6 MBB Summit

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 6

Phase 0(a) Phase 0(b) Phase 1 Phase 2

Overlay for Nomad Control Plane Final Convergence

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 7

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 8

Dynamic Resource Sharing

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 9

Different QoS domains

• EPS bearer level (3GPP defined) • Hand-Over between access types

QoS Monitoring System Service Differentiator

• What to monitor • Subscription based Already

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 10

How to guarantee the Objective:

ACT FM FM FM DEA S-GW

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 11

Open Close Open Close

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 12

GPS Satellite System

1. MDT request • Extensive for more

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 13

Dedicated bearer usage

VoIP Service Control Dedicated Bearer for FTP: GBR=xxx

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential

• Feature Parity • DPI Capability • Performance Degradation

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 15

SAE V100R001C01 SAE V100R001C02 SAE V100R001C03

SAE1.0 SAE1.1 SAE1.2

PS7.0 PS7.1 PS8.0/PS8.1

• One common software for both EPC Software (PGP)

and PS product lines) Middleware (VRP/Dopra)

• Feature parity between different OS

hardware configuration(SPUd/SPUe…) Driver/BSP

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 16

Abundant Experiences(183-CBB sites, 42 P2P/VoIP control sites, 35

1000+ Fast Slow

1 DPI Engine Self

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 17

• Skype: account for ~60% mobile VoIP traffic

• Viber: Fast growth to 10M subs in last 5 months

• Vbuzzer: Popular VoIP client in Middle East region

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 18

Smart Pipe / Content

（0,4K) Design for HSPA Congestion Control

Qtel International & Huawei Confidential Page 19

UMTS Signaling per SAU @ BH UMTS User/PDP Throughput 2007-2010

“Average Throughput per SAU” increased 5 times in 3 years

Scalability in multiple direction Multiple Purpose Platform

EPC 2010 60Gbps Content