C-NM5 Multi-Mission General Aviation Aircraft : C-NM5

Joint Development by
CSIR - National Aerospace Laboratories and Mahindra Aerospace Pvt. Ltd.

First Flight on 1 September 2011 in Australia Prototype Manufactured by Mahindra Gipps Aero.

Features Weights
Multi-Mission : Air Taxi, Training, Tourism, Max. take-off weight : 1500 kg (3306 lb)
Cargo, Executive Transport Empty weight : 1000 kg (2204 lb)
Certification basis : FAR Part 23, Normal Category, Useful load : 500 kg (1102 lb)
Day / Night VFR / IFR
Equipping options : Electrical system
Standard 24 V DC electrical system
Conventional instruments, Stand alone avionics, Limited 28 V, 70 A external generator
cabin environment control, Basic audio for pilot and 24 V, 19 Ah maintenance free battery
passengers

Deluxe Performance (ISA)

Glass cockpit with Electronic Flight Instruments
System (EFIS), Autopilot integrated with GPS-enabled
Nav / Com, Air-conditioning, Improved sound-proofing,
Improved cabin audio system
Dimensions
Overall length : 8.8 m (28 ft 9 in)
Overall height : 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)
Wing span : 10.9 m (35 ft 8 in)
Wing area : 16.0 m2 (172 ft2 )
Airframe
All metal construction with composite cowling and
fairings
Take off distance : 500 m (1640 ft)
Landing distance : 450 m (1476 ft)
Max. Level speed : 296 km/hr (160 KIAS)
Max. Rate of climb : 335 m/min (1100 fpm)
Flaps-up stall speed : 120 km/hr (65 KIAS)
Flaps-down stall speed : 102 km/hr (55 KIAS)
Range : 1300 km (700 nm)
(with 320 kg payload)
Cruise altitude : 3050 m (10000 ft)
Power plant
Continental CD-300 engine, 272 bhp @ 2300 rpm,
FADEC, 3-bladed constant-speed propeller

Avionics System Optional systems

AMS, NAV / COM / GPS, CDI, Transponder, and ELT Air-conditioning and 2-Axis Autopilot

Avionics For
system
more information contact :-
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Mahindra Aero Structures Pvt. Ltd.
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
AMS, NAVTel:
/ COM / GPS, CDI,
91-080-25086000. Transponder, and ELT
25270584; Plot # 251 to 265, Narasapura Industrial Aera, Kolar Taluk
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in Karnataka 563 133, India Tel :- 91-8152 280510
 HANSA   HANSA – 3
Hansa - 3 is India’s first all-composite light aircraft designed
and developed by CSIR-NAL ideally suited for ab-initio flying
training, sport and hobby flying. Certified by DGCA under the
FAR-23, amendment 23-42 using the requirements of JAR-
VLA dated 26th April 1990, including amendment VLA/92/1 in
February 2000.

Aircraft is lightning protected, is cleared for VFR and Night

Flight Operations and has excellent flying qualities.

Twelve production standard aircraft have been supplied

to flying clubs for pilot training. Hansa-3 is also used by
IIT-Kanpur for extensive R&D work and student familiarization.
  HANSA NG Hansa-3 fleet has accumulated a total of more than 4000 flying
hours.
New generation Hansa aircraft called Hansa-NG is
being developed by incorporating state of the art
technologies and design improvements in the present
type certified Hansa-3 aircraft based on operator’s
feedback.
CSIR-NAL and M/s Mesco Aerospace Ltd have
collaborated for the joint development of Hansa-NG
aircraft.

Features
HANSA NG Specifications
• IFR Certification
• New MIP with Glass Cockpit
Geometry
• Advanced Fuel Efficient Engine
• Increased Range & Endurance Overall lenghth 7.6 m (25 ft)
• Improved Engine Cowling shape Overall height 2.61 m (8.5 ft)
• Option of using MoGas or Avgas fuel Wing span 10.47 m (34.35 ft)
• Landing Gear Wheel Fairings Wing area 12.47 sq m (136 sq ft)
• Steerable Nose Wheel Cabin width 1.07 m (3.5 ft)
• Electrically Operated Flap
• Heated Pitot unit & LED type Lights Weight
• Improved Manufacturing Process Empty weight 540 kg (1190 lb)
• Improved Ingress/Egress All-up-weight 750 kg (1653 lb)
• Better Cockpit Aesthetics & Ergonomics
Useful load 210 kg (463 lb)
• Provision for Baggage
Usable fuel capacity 95 ltr
Electrical System
Performance (ISA)
12V, 24Ah maintenance-free battery
14V, 40 A external generator Take-off distance 467 m (1532 ft)
Power plant Landing distance 600 m (1968 ft)
Rotax 912iSc Sport (naturally aspirated engine with Max rate of climb 213 m/min (700 ft/min)
Take-off power of 100 bhp @ 5800 rpm and max Max cruise speed 200 km/hr (108 KTAS)
continuous power of 98bhp @ 5500 rpm) Stall speed (flaps 20) 80 km/hr (43 KCAS)
Propeller Range 594 nm (1100 km)
(with 45 min reserves)
Two-blade constant speed MT propeller of 175 cm
(69 Inch) diameter Endurance 5.9 hr

For more information contact :-
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
Industry Partner
Cheif Opertating Officer, Mesco Aerospace Ltd.
Mesco Towers, H-1, Zamrudpur Community Centre,
Kailash Colony, New Delhi 110048, India.
Tel: 011-25675334, email: mescoaerospace@gmail.com
www.mescoaerospace.com
 SARAS
Features
¡¡ Multi-Role Light Transport Aircraft with air taxi and
services as its primary roles
¡¡ Ideal for Executive Transport, Light Package Carrier,
Remote Sensing, Aerial Search / Survey, Coast Guard,
Border Patrol, Air Ambulance, Other Community
Services
Status
PT1 upgraded to PT1N incorporating
design improvements
FIRST FLIGHT : 24th January 2018
SARAS 14/19 : Two LSPs and one STS
Planned for certification
Main dimensions
Overall length : 15.02 m (49.3 ft)
Overall height : 5.25 m (17.2 ft)
Wing span : 14.70 m (48.2 ft)
Weights
Max. take-off : 7100 kg (15653 lb)
Max. fuel weight : 1568 kg (3457 lb)
Max. pay load : 1232 kg (2716 lb)
Avionics system
SARAS has a state of the art Arinc-429 compatible
integrated digital avionics system
Special features
¡¡ Low cabin noise (<80 db)
¡¡ Operable from semi - prepared runways
¡¡ Operable from hot and high altitude airfields
¡¡ Designed to meet FAR-23 requirements
Power plant
SARAS is powered by two Pratt and Whitney Canada PT6A-
67A turbo-prop engines (flat rated at 1200shp) driving
2.65 m diameter 5 bladed constant speed propellers at
1700 rpm in a pusher configuration.
Performance (ISA)
Take-off distance : 670 m (2200 ft)
Landing distance : 900 m (2950 ft)
Max. rate of climb : 610 m/min (2000 ft/min)
Max. range* (14 pax) : 590 km (318 nm)
Max. range* (8 pax) : 1275 km (688 nm)
Ferry range* : 1627 km (878 nm)
Max. cruise speed : 520 km/hr (280 Kts)
Endurance : 4 hr 45 min
* With 45 min reserve
For more information contact :
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 SARAS MK 2
Features
¡¡ 19 Seat Multi- Role Light Transport Aircraft with air
taxi and services as its primary roles
¡¡ Ideal for Commuter connectivity under UDAAN
Scheme for variety of applications like Air Taxi,
Executive Transport, Light Package Carrier, Remote
Sensing, Aerial Search / Survey, Coast Guard, Border
Patrol, Air Ambulance, Other Community Services
¡¡ Low cabin noise (<80 db)
¡¡ Operable from semi-prepared runways
¡¡ Operable from hot and high altitude airfields
¡¡ Designed to meet FAR-23 requirements
Avionics system
¡¡ Full glass cockpit: EFIS-Four PFD/ ND/ MFDs
¡¡ Comm/Nav suite: VHF-VOR and radio, ADF, DME, ILS
¡¡ TAWS- Terrain Avoidance Warning System
¡¡ FMS: Flight Management System
¡¡ TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System
¡¡ Auto pilot and Weather Radar
Power plant
SARAS is powered by two Pratt and Whitney Canada
PT6A-67A turbo-prop engines (flat rated to 1100
shp) driving 2.6 m diameter 5 bladed constant speed
propellers at 1700 rpm in a pusher configuration.
Main dimensions
Span : 16 m (52.5 ft)
Length : 15 m (49.2 ft)
Height : 5.1 m (16.7 ft)
Weights
Max. take-off : 7400 kg (16314 lb)
Operating empty wt. : 4900 kg (10803 lb)
Max. fuel weight : 1568 kg (3457 lb)
Max. pay load : 1710 kg (3770 lb)
Performance (ISA)
Take-off distance : 800 m (2625 ft)
Landing distance : 880 m (2887 ft)
Max. rate of climb : 10.6 m/s (2080 ft/min)
Max. range* (19 pax) : 800 km (432 nm)
Max. range* (10 pax) : 2050 km (1107 nm)
Ferry range* : 2170 km (1172 nm)
Max. cruise speed : 540 km/hr (292 Kts)
Endurance : 5 hours
* With 45 min reserve
For more information contact :
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
DHVANI
LOCATION OF BULLET ON TARGET SYSTEM
Using

Joint collaboration
CSIR- NAL and SDD, INDIAN ARMY

Low cost and Ruggedized

Precise and Perfect

 DHVANI

Why DHVANI ?
Automated system to detect bullet using supersonic acoustic detection and
localization of hits on target by acoustic time delay estimation methods.

Real time and precise system, catering for individual to tactical level of exercise
settings.

Indigenous
Tailor made for Indian Armed Forces with high degree of ruggedisation to
meet Mil Grade Standards. Configured out of COTS item to ensure low post
sale maintenance cost.

Unique Features
¡¡ Automated Range Control with database management
¡¡ Variable firing positions without any re-calibration
¡¡ Exercises as per SAO 12/S/85 and facility for user defined exercise setting
¡¡ Seamless wireless network with Ethernet enabled network
¡¡ Roaming Firing Point Officer (RFI) and Firer End Display Interface (FEDS)
¡¡ Interactive and User Friendly GUI
¡¡ Power on self diagnostic and real time diagnostic during the exercise
¡¡ Pop Up Target System with Self Healing Targets and simulation units
¡¡ for illumination, smoke and flash
¡¡ Unit Level Package for firer management and performance evaluation outside the range
¡¡ All weather-proof carbon fiber composite sensor bar

System Capabilities
¡¡ Accuracy better than globally available systems
¡¡ Detection zone of 9 ft radius from centre of target
¡¡ Wide Azimuth and elevation angles
¡¡ Hit localization by position of X & Y and velocity of projectile
¡¡ Varied categorization of shot as per performance
i.e. Hit, Miss, Improper, Ricochet and Cross Shot
¡¡ Real time Performance evaluation
¡¡ Real time HAT analysis
¡¡ Interactive Grouping and Zeroing
¡¡ Simplified alignment procedure

Industry Partner
For more information contact :- Director (Marketing)
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Bharat Electronics Limited,
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India. Outer Ring Road, Nagava, Bangalore 560 045,
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584; India. Tel: 91-80-25039300;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in www.bel-india.in
DHVANI

ABHIAS is an automated system to detect bullets using

acoustic detection and localization of hits on target by
acoustic time delay estimation methods. Real time and
precise system, catering for individual to tactical level of
exercise settings. System caters to almost all weapons
including rifles and CQC weapons.

Indigenous design tailor made for Indian Armed Forces

and Paramilitary Forces with high degree of ruggedisation
to meet Mil Grade Standards. Configured out of COTS item
to ensure low post sale maintenance cost.
 ABHIAS
Unique Features
¡¡ Automated Range Control with database management
¡¡ Variable firing positions without any recalibration
¡¡ Exercises as per SAO 12/S/85 and facility for user
defined exercise setting
¡¡ Seamless wireless network with Ethernet enabled
network
¡¡ Roaming Firing Point Officer (RFI) and Firer End Display
Interface (FEDS)
¡¡ Interactive & User Friendly GUI
¡¡ Power on self diagnostic and real time diagnostic
during the exercise
¡¡ Unit Level Package for firer management and
performance evaluation outside the range
¡¡ All weather-proof carbon fibre composite sensor bar
For more information contact :-
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
System Capabilities
¡¡ Accuracy better than globally available systems
¡¡ Detection zone of 600mm diameter from centre
of target
¡¡ Wide Azimuth and elevation angles
¡¡ Hit localization by position of X & Y
¡¡ Varied categorisation of shot as per performance
i.e. Hit, Miss, Improper and Cross Shot
¡¡ Self Healing Targets capable of withstanding
atleast 8000 shots
¡¡ Real time Performance evaluation
¡¡ Real time HAT analysis
¡¡ Interactive Grouping and Zeroing
Industry Partner
Director (Marketing)
Bharat Electronics Limited,
Outer Ring Road, Nagava, Bangalore 560 045,
India. Tel: 91-80-25039300;
www.bel-india.in
 Wankel Engine Indigenous Wankel Engine for a UAV
A CSIR & DRDO Partnership

55 Hp Wankel engine UAV-Nishant maiden successful flight with Wankel engine

The indigenous Wankel engine development program was originated from DRDO through Vehicles Research & Development
Establishment (VRDE), Ahmednagar, and was jointly designed, developed and successfully flight tested by CSIR-NAL, VRDE,
and ADE. Under this program the 55 hp Wankel engine was developed for ADE’s NISHANT UAV. NAL designed and developed
the core engine; VRDE and ADE were in-charge of peripheral systems and flight testing respectively.

The Wankel engine is the first of its kind to be totally designed and developed in the country. Very few countries in the
world have the capability to develop and master this technology. CEMILAC accorded the Certificate for ‘Limited Series
Production’ on 7th February 2013. Twenty Wankel engine are being manufactured by VRDE, DRDO.  

Features
Type : Single rotor Wankel engine
Cycle : Otto cycle
Power : 55 hp (41 kW) @ 8000 rpm at ISA-sea level
Thrust : 90 kgf with 1 m diameter propeller
Compression ratio : 9.2
Housing Cooling : Water-Glycol mixture
Rotor cooling : Air
Lubrication : Total loss forced lubrication system
Ignition : CDI system
Carburettor : Diaphragm type
Specific fuel consumption : 335 to 365 g/ kWh (0.55 to 0.60 lb/ hp/ h)
Engine weight (dry) : 25 kg

Other Applications
This type of engines are used for powering smaller air vehicles and also in automotive (Mazda, and Racing Cars), hybrid
vehicles as range extenders, out-board motor for boats and other industrial applications in particular for compact power
generators.

Cost Economics
Presently this technology is direct substitute for an imported 51 hp engine for DRDO’s NISHANT UAV. The cost of the
indigenous engine is around 40 percent less than the imported one during the limited series production stage. The cost will
further come down during the mass production.

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 CARBON FIBRE Indigenous Technology - Self Reliance

Carbon Fibre plant at CSIR-NAL

Carbon fibre, is a new breed of high-strength materials, mainly used as reinforcement in advanced composite materials.
It is a long, thin strand of material about 5-7 micron of diameter and composed of more than 94% of carbon. Due to
their unique characteristics such as light weight, high strength, high stiffness, improved fatigue resistance & vibration
damping, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, and thermal & electrical conductivity, carbon-fibre composites are
an attractive substitute for various metals and special alloys.

CSIR-NAL has established the facility for carbon fibres research and development and pioneered the technology of carbon
fibre. The standard modulus grade carbon fibre developed and produced at CSIR-NAL has been certified by Centre for
Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC).

Products developed at CSIR-NAL

CSIR-NAL offers complete process ‘Know-How’ for standard modulus grade carbon fibres, which includes
¡¡ Synthesis of Polyacrylonitrile copolymer
¡¡ Wet spinning of Special Acrylic Fibre (SAF)
¡¡ Heat treatment of special acrylic fibre to ‘Carbon Fibre’.

Components developed from indigenous Carbon Fibre

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 RADOMES Indigenous Radomes for Airborne and
Weather Applications

Airborne Nose Radome- For Fire Control Radar of Jaguar Maritime Fighter Aircraft Fleet (IAF)

Jaguar Nose Radome

Jaguar

CSIR-NAL has designed and developed a composite nose radome for the Fire Control Radar of Jaguar Maritime Aircraft for
HAL, Bangalore, end user being IAF. Manufacturing technology for production of the Airborne Nose Radome for the Indian
Air Force Jaguar Maritime Fighter Aircraft fleet has been transferred to HAL,Bengaluru. The ToT of Airbone Radomes to
HAL was completed in 2013.

Features
The monolithic Nose Radome was fabricated using high performance GFRP. It is a variable thickness, nose thick and base
thin design radome. An in-house developed closed mould  resin injection technology has been used in fabrication of the
radome.  The composite radome is protected with anti-static / anti rain erosion paint subjected to qualification tests, viz.,
EM, lightning protection, static loading, vibration and rain erosion tests in presence of CRI. The radome has successfully
met the stringent airworthiness qualification standards.

Ground based Radomes – for protection of DWR Radars of Indian Metrological Department

The huge out-door radomes protect the steerable antenna from the harsh, all-weather conditions, while permitting the
electromagnetic waves to pass through without any interference or significant loss. Radomes were designed and developed
by CSIR NAL for the India Meteorological Department and Indian Space Research Organisation.

CSIR-NAL has successfully designed and installed 12.88m diameter composite spherical Doppler Weather Radome
(DWR) protecting the weather radar belonging to BEL/ISRO at IMD campus Cherrapunji within a record time. CSIR-NAL
has successfully completed the installation of DWR Mark II Radome at Gopalpur - Odhisa, Kochi - Kerala, cherrapunji -
Meghalaya, Bhuj - Gujarat and Shar - Sriharikota (2018). With the successful completion of the installations, the DWR Mark
II Radome indigenization program, that has a significant role in weather monitoring activities of IMD, has successfully met
the objectives and culminated with dissemination of the technology to industry.
 RADOMES

The 12.88m dia. DWR Radome installed DWR Radome at Gopalpur, DWR Radome at Kochi, Kerala.
at Cherrapunji, Meghalaya. Odisha.

Features
The Ground Based Weather Radome is a spherical radome of diameter 12.88m. It has 66 polygonal panels fabricated using
PolyUrethane (PU) Foam core glass epoxy sandwich composite. A cost-effective wet layup and Room Temp. vacuum bag
moulding process has been adopted. The Radome is designed to withstand 250 km/h wind speed with gusts upto 300
km/h.

Industry Partnership
ToT of weather Radomes to BEL, Navi Mumbai completed in 2014. Saving of foreign exchange of minimum of 30% vis-à-
vis imported US radomes and also allows deployment in strategic locations.

Electromagentic Design & Analysis for Radomes

The Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory (CEM Lab.) was founded in 1993 at the CSIR-National Aerospace
Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) to initiate the activities in the area of computational electromagnetics for aerospace
applications.

¡¡ Integrated antenna-radome analysis capability

¡¡ FSS-based radome designs
¡¡ Monolithic/ sandwich
(including honeycomb) designs
¡¡ Variable thickness radome (VTR) design
¡¡ Hybrid-VTR design for missile radomes
¡¡ Multi-sector optimization radome design
¡¡ Ground-based and airborne radomes
(for aircraft, missiles, etc.)
¡¡ High-temperature, high performance radomes
¡¡ Stealth radomes
¡¡ Radome EM performance enhancement
¡¡ Broadbanding techniques
¡¡ In-house EM material characterization of candidate radome materials

Industry Partners Director (Marketing)

Bharat Electronics Limited,
Outer Ring Road, Nagava, Bengaluru 560 045,
India. Tel: 91-80-25039300;
Director (Marketing) www.bel-india.in
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
15/1 Cubbon Road, Bengaluru 560001,
India. Tel: 91-80-2232 0701 For more information contact :
www.hal-india.co.in Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 AUTOCLAVE
 Aerospace Autoclave with state of the art features at an affordable cost
 Developed to cater the needs of R&D and Educational Institutions
 An ideal equipment for Research Labs with interest in Polymer Composites
Salient Features
¡¡ Auto, semi-auto and manual modes of operation
¡¡ PC, PLC, Front-end controllers and Recorder based
C&l architecture
¡¡ User friendly Mimic & Touch screen based data
acquisition
¡¡ Fail-safe and simple to operate
¡¡ Quick-lock door without lock-ring
¡¡ Compact and skid mounted
¡¡ High efficiency pressurized fan motor with health
monitoring
¡¡ Peripheral duct for efficient air circulation
¡¡ Creep and oxidation resistant high temperature
heating elements
¡¡ SS tubular Heat exchanger with fins for better heat
transfer
¡¡ Exhaust silencer for noise reduction
¡¡ Closed loop water cooling system to minimize
consumption
¡¡ Water softener for long life of heat exchanger and fan
motor
¡¡ Pressurization with built-in compressor and storage
tank
¡¡ Automatic vacuum level control with bag burst
protection
¡¡ Advanced part temperature control
Industry Partners
The Managing Director, KRR Engineering Pvt. Ltd.
L-17,18 - Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai-600058,
Tel: +91-44-26880-210/738/684 www.krr.co.in
Labscale Autoclave
Specifications
Working space 900 mm dia and
1000 mm length
Maximum Temperature 200°C
Maximum Pressure 7 bar(g)
Heating Rate 0 to 3°C per min
Cooling Rate 3°C / min (Avg)
Temperature Control Accuracy ±1°C (Air Temperature)
Temperature Uniformity ±2°C (under steady
state conditions)
Pressure Control Accuracy ±0.1 bar
Vacuum Control Accuracy ±5% of FSR
Maximum Vacuum at source 3 mbar
Total Power Rating 23 kW
Safeties
¡¡ D oor lock safety device to prevent opening under
pressure
¡¡ Emergency pressure dump
¡¡ Pressure & Temperature overshoot prevention
¡¡ Auto-hold to prevent higher temperature gradient
¡¡ Manual override (if the computer, PLC and control
system fails)
¡¡ Earth leakage trip for the electrical system
¡¡ High current and overload protection for all the
motors
The Chief Executive Officer, Unique Chemoplant Equipment
Level 3, Sejj Plaza, 3rd Floor, Near Nutan High School,
Malad (W), Mumbai - 400 604, Maharashtra.
Tel.: +91-22-40736736 www.uniquechemoplant.com
For more information contact :
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 AUTOCLAVE Desktop Autoclave

 Compact, affordable Aerospace Autoclave with state of the art features

 Ideal for Academic and Research institutions for composites processing

Salient Features
¡¡ Fail-safe and easy to operate ¡¡ F its in a space of 1.5m cube
¡¡ Quick lock hinged door with integrated lock ring ¡¡ Optional closed water circulation system
¡¡ Compact table mounted ¡¡ Optional compressed air system
¡¡ Works on 32A, 230V Single phase power supply ¡¡ Automatic vacuum bag failure protection
¡¡ Forced air circulation with compact pressurized fan ¡¡ Air less, solenoid operated control valves

Safeties Specifications
¡¡ Burst Disc Working space 450mm dia. and
¡¡ Double Safety Relief Valve 500mm length
¡¡ Wedge Lock Type Door Safety Maximum Temperature 200°C
¡¡ High Pressure switch Maximum Pressure 7 bar(g)
¡¡ Thermostat Heating Rate 0 to 3°C /min on air
¡¡ Emergency Dump Valve Cooling Rate 1°C per min (Avg)
¡¡ Earth fault protection at Incomer up to 70°C on air
¡¡ Protection for blower and Vacuum pump Temperature Control Accuracy ±1°C (Air Temperature)
¡¡ Emergency stop Push button Temperature Uniformity ±2°C (under steady
¡¡ Key switch for cure start state conditions)
Pressure Control Accuracy ±0.1 bar
Vacuum Control Accuracy ±0.5% of FSR (digital)
Industry Partners
Maximum Vacuum at source 3 m bar
The Managing Director, DATASOL (B) Pvt. Ltd. Total Power Rating 7 kW single phase
# No793, Vyalikaval HBCS Layout,17th cross,
Veeranna Palya, Nagawara, Bangalore 560 045 The Managing Director, Milvus Aero Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Tel: 080-2544 0642; www.datasolindia.com #68, Bhuvaneshwari Nagar, C.V. Raman Nagar,
Bangalore 560093, Tel : 080 43712200;
The Managing Director, Lakshmi Engineering Works e-mail: info@milvusaerosolution.co.in
111/96, 5th Street, 3rd Lane, North Phase,
Sidco Industrial Estate, Ambathur,
Chennai 600 098. Tel: +91-44-2635-6043
www.lewind.com For more information contact :
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 AUTOCLAVE Industrial Grade Autoclave Technology

World-class Autoclave Technology Indigenously Developed by CSIR-NAL

 Industrial Duty, High temperature (425°C) and High Pressure (15 barg) Autoclaves for Demanding Applications

National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore, India has an acknowledged capability in building large, computer
controlled, state-of-the-art autoclaves along with the associated subsystems.

NAL’s expertise in designing and building autoclaves is evident from the number of autoclaves that are operational in NAL
itself, namely Mark I, Mark II, Mark III and Mark IV, catering to various requirements. While Mark III is a high temperature
(350°C) and high pressure (15 barg) autoclave, Mark IV is built to be an industrial workhorse with operating space as much
as 4.4m in diameter and 9m in length.

Earlier, NAL has supplied an autoclave with a working space of 4m dia x 8m length, to Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bangalore,
India, which has been functioning satisfactorily over the years. NAL has also revamped a few autoclaves for Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre, Trivandrum, India.

M/s. KRR Heavy Engineering, Chennai and M/s. Unique Chemoplant Equipments (UCE), Mumbai, India, have taken License
from NAL for marketing and manufacturing of Industrial and lab scale grade Autoclaves

Industry Partners
Chief Executive Officer, Unique Chemoplant Equipment Managing Director, KRR Engineering Pvt. Ltd.
Level 3, Sejj Plaza, 3rd Floor, L-17,18 - Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai-600058,
Near Nutan High School,Malad (W) Tel: +91-44-26880-210/738/684 www.krr.co.in
Mumbai - 400 604, Maharashtra.
Tel.: +91-22-40736736, www.uniquechemoplant.com
AUTOCLAVE Industrial Grade Autoclave Technology

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITE
ENCLOSURE Light Weight Conductive Polymer
Composite based Enclosure for Avionics

8 Channel RS 422 DRU with Composite Chassis

Inner Intricacies of the Chassis Data Acquisition and Retrieval

Specifications of the Composite Enclosure

Dimensions : 171.7mm x 80.2mm x 62.4mm (LxWxH)
Weight : <650 gms (including electronics)
Chassis configuration : Conductive CFRP Nanocomposite/Foam sandwich structure
Coating : Polyurethane/CNT Nano Coating
Manufacturing method : Matched die Compression moulding
EMI/EMC compliance : MIL-STD-461
Performance Compliance : MIL-STD-810F
Operating Frequency : 10KHz to 18GHz

Salient Features of the Product

¡¡ Lighter in weight (50% as compared to Metal)
¡¡ Lower in Cost (50% as compared to Metal) and Low Thermal Cycling and Vibration
production time
¡¡ Enhanced fuel economy and Saving on
maintenance, operation cost of Aircraft
¡¡ Under CEMILAC certification

Industry tie-ups
¡¡ HAL, ADA and Datasol (B Pvt. Ltd.)

End users EMI/ EMC,

¡¡ ADA,HAL,ISRO and Automobiles

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
COMPOSITE REPAIR Multi Zone Hot Bonder
For Airframe and Composite Repair

Touch Screen Controller

Specifications
Number of temperature zones : 12 independently controlled zones
Maximum temperature : 230°C (for silicon heater blankets)
Number of Controlled vacuum levels : Two
Maximum heater area : 0.9sq. meter (1380sq.inch) per zone
Maximum heater power : 6900W (30A/230V) per heater / per zone
Total heater power rating : 13.8KW (60A/230V) for 2 zones
Number of Temperature sensors : 24 Numbers (J type)
Temperature control accuracy : ± 1°C of set value
Temperature uniformity : ± 2°C among the 12 zone controlled value
Heater – sensor mapping : Any heater to any one or more sensors
Temperature control basis : Online selection as the leading, lagging
or average of any set of sensors
Weight and Size : 20 Kg (MiL standard package): 660 x 430 x 330 mm (LxWxH)

Salient Features Safeties

¡¡ High performance and cost effective repair kit ¡¡ Detection of heater–sensor mismatch
¡¡ Advanced features for complex and multiple repair ¡¡ Sensor failure management
¡¡ 7” Colour touch screen (PLC-HMI) controller ¡¡ Protection against sensor faults such as
¡¡ 2 simultaneous repairs with independent Open, Short or improper contact
¡¡ 12-zone temperature control Auto-hold if Temp. Gradient exceeds limit
¡¡ Menu driven program to create, run, view
¡¡ Over temperature cut-off
Cure Cycles (CC)
¡¡ Alarm on vacuum failure and other faults
¡¡ Online and offline reporting / printing
¡¡ Power interruption management
¡¡ Hold, modify and continue or extend CC

Applications
The Managing Director, San Process Automation
¡¡ To perform in situ repair / hot bonding of aircraft/ 48/3,11th Main ,3rd Cross , Channappa Building,
automobile structures A.K.Colony, M.S.Ramaiah Industrial Estate
Mathikere, Bangalore - 560054
¡¡ Thermo-forming of foams for aircraft structures Tel: 08040926026 www.sanprocessautomation.com

Industry Partners
The Managing Director, Ajay Sensors & Instruments
# 45/17, 12th “A” Cross, Gubbanna Indl. Garden, VI Block, For more information contact :
Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560010 Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
Tel: 080 2330 4997, www.ajaysensors.in PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 STRUCTURES Structural Design, Analysis, Testing,
Qualification & Certification
High End Technical Services to the Strategic Aerospace Sector
CSIR-NAL over he years has developed expertise in aerospace structural design, analysis, testing, qualification, certification
and Research and Technology development in aerospace structures and contributed to all aeronautics and space programs
of India. The laboratory has immensely contributed to the technical life extension, carriage & handling studies, static
& fatigue testing, vibration qualification tests and design analysis studies for active military aircraft of Indian Air force
thereby supporting the supporting the national defence. 

High-end services to Life Extension Studies & Up-gradation Programmes of IAF’s Aircraft
Full Scale & Component Level Fatigue Testing of Aircraft
CSIR-NAL has been a pioneer in full scale fatigue testing of aircraft and has developed the techniques of simulation and
application of loads experienced by the aircraft in operation. First, Full Scale Fatigue Testing Facility (FSFT) at NAL was built
in 1973 and subsequently an upgraded one was built in 1991. Under the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12) the 18-channel/
actuator in-house controller (mostly top loaded) has been upgraded to 96-channel/actuator standard controller (mostly
bottom loaded).

This enhanced facility is capable of testing all the fighter aircrafts which the Indian Air Force has in service. This facility has
immensely contributed to the total technical life extension (TTLE) of HAL/IAF’s Gnat-Ajeet, MiG -21 Bis (late 1990’s) and
MiG-29 (mid 2000) thus adding enormous value to the defence forces.

Total Technical Life Extension of Ageing Aircraft (MiG-21) :

¡¡ Over 200 aircrafts in the feet of MiG-21
¡¡ Life extended from 2400 to 3200 flight hours through laboratory testing and
analysis

Studies for MiG-29 :

¡¡ Life of landing gears extended from 2700 to 3000 landings
¡¡ Ground work for TTLE
¡¡ Material database generation
¡¡ Derivation of operational load spectrum
¡¡ CFD analysis for pressure distribution
MiG-21 in FSFT
¡¡ In-flight Vibration & Thermal Mapping
¡¡ Development of indigenous vibration qualification spectrum based on flight data
¡¡ Vibration characteristics through GVT
¡¡ Development of software tools for qualification spectrum generation

Studies for MiG-27

¡¡ Low band transmitting antenna
¡¡ EW Shell
¡¡ EWSFA Radomes MiG-29
qualification
MiG-29 landing gears spectrum
 STRUCTURES

Carriage & Handling Studies for Jaguar:

Integration of Next Generation Missiles
¡¡ Ground vibration testing (GVT)
¡¡ Modal parameter estimation
¡¡ GVT based flutter estimation
Carriage & Handling: Mirage 2000 Upgrade
¡¡ Flight flutter testing
¡¡ System identification using GVT
¡¡ Modal parameter estimation
¡¡ GVT based flutter estimation
¡¡ GVT on aircraft with FOC stores
¡¡ Flutter scenario of FOC aircraft
¡¡ Flight flutter testing with FOC stores

TU 142: Ground Resonance Test & Flight Test

Active Antenna Array Unit: Modal analysis Tests
¡¡ Ground vibration testing (GVT)
¡¡ Tests on both Version 4 & 5
¡¡ Modal parameter estimation
¡¡ Fixed & Free-free boundary conditions
¡¡ Flight test instrumentation
¡¡ Modal parameter estimation
¡¡ In-flight vibration measurement
¡¡ Establishment of rigid body and elastic bending modes

ALH : Ground Vibration Testing

¡¡ Free-free condition
¡¡ Modal testing
¡¡ Mode identification
¡¡ Response analysis Helicopter
¡¡ Blade frequencies ¡¡ Life extension for tail rotor blades of MI-8
helicopter from 1500 to 2000 flight hours.
¡¡ (over 150 helicopters in the fleet)
¡¡ Significant FE savings to exchequer

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
MAGNETIC SENSOR BASED ON
GIANT MAGNETO RESISTANCE
(GMR) EFFECT

Developed by,
CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories
(CSIR – NAL), Bangalore, INDIA.
Magnetic sensor in brief
Magnetoresistive sensing element (MRE) based on Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) properties are primarily
developed to decode the information from linear or angular encoders made of ferrous materials. Low hysteresis
and high sensitivity, smaller in size and cheaper cost make magnetic sensors suitable for wide range of
applications. Moreover, these sensors, made of passive elements in Wheatstone’s bridge configuration removes
the limitation to use even in high frequencies (0 < f < 1MHz). The fabricated sensor (NAL MRA 1426) is in the form
of 8 TDFN plastic package (3 mm x 3 mm) with each active element area of 250 x 300 µm 2. The sensor can produce
large output voltages (in range of few hundred mV) and can be operated up-to an air gap as large as 10 mm.

Specifications of NAL MRA 1426

Notes

 The sensor is fabricated with a typical bridge resistance of 6.3 KΩ.

 It produces a pure ratiometric output for input voltages between 0.1V to 30V.
 The non-linearity and hysteresis were measured for unipolar operation.
 Thermal effects are compensated in the Wheatstone’s bridge configuration.
 8-pin DFN package PCB with sensor and signal conditioning circuit

Bridge characteristics Thermal stability at 225°C

Schematic for speed sensing using sensor Variation of output voltage with air gap

Vin = 12V

Features Applications
 Larger air-gap  Linear and angular speed  Implantable medical
 High sensitivity sensing devices
 Low hysteresis  Linear and angular position sensing  Power electronics
 Good temperature stability  Current sensing modules
 Can handle large magnetic fields  Pressure sensing  Vibration detection
 Small size and low cost  Eddy current probe measurement  Micro-Air Vehicle (MAV)
M Applications
A
G
Automotive
N
E
T
I Consumer
S
C
E
N
S Industrial
O
Director
R CSIR – National Aerospace Laboratories
Aero HAL Airport Road
Post Bag No – 1779
+
S Defence
Bangalore, 560017
INDIA
Tel : +91 – 80 – 2508 6000
Fax : +91 – 80 – 2526 0862
Email : director@nal.res.in
 NAL818 Aerospace Electronics and Systems Division

ARINC 818 IP core for High Speed Avionics Solution

¡¡ NAL818 is ARINC 818 compliant FPGA IP Core

with support for video and data for high speed
application.
¡¡ Easy to use interfaces for native connectivity.
¡¡ Device Support: Xilinx Spartan-6, Zync-7 Series, High Speed Solution for Tomorrow
¡¡ Tools Support : ISE and Vivado Design suite
¡¡ DO 254 Complaint : By Q2 2016

Current Status: Key Features:

¡¡ Functionally tested as per ARINC 818 for both ¡¡ High Performance optimized for video data

transmitter and receiver ¡¡ 3 .178 Gbps data rate tested

¡¡ Functionally tested for 1400 X 1050 pixel of video

Native Interface: data at 60 Hz refresh rate

¡¡ Configurable to custom resolution
¡¡ Raw 24 Bit RGB with Vsync, Hsync, DE and CLK
¡¡ Resource Optimized design for Transmitter and
¡¡ DVI and HDMI interfaces (Optional)
Receiver

Certification:
¡¡ DO 254 Process is in progress and expected to
comply by Q2 2017.

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 RTA COCKPIT Aerospace Electronics and Systems Division

Main Instrument Panel for Regional Transport Aircraft

RTA Main Instrument Panel RTA Cockpit Environment for design studies

Features
¡¡ FAR 25 Complaint Avionics Architecture
¡¡ Advanced Full Glass Cockpit
¡¡ Fully Digital Multi-layered digital communication bus protocols - ARINC 818 and ARINC 664
¡¡ Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) based architecture with ARINC 653 complaint Time and
Memory partitioning platform
¡¡ Dual Redundant architecture from sense to actuation
¡¡ Five 15” Wide Screen advanced displays – 2 PFD and 3 MFD
¡¡ Integrated Touch Controlled Device
¡¡ Dual Redundant data and Video Bus for the complete cockpit
¡¡ Integrated CNS suite
¡¡ Dual Flight Management System with Autopilot
¡¡ Defined set of optional systems having seamless integration with avionics suite.

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 CEM Centre for Electromagnetics (CEM)

Multilayer RAM Design Software using Particle Swarm Optimization

¡¡ Design of Broadband Radar Absorbers using Particle Swarm Optimization

¡¡ Optimized thickness from user updateable material database
¡¡ Maximum absorption with minimum thickness profile
¡¡ Validated through measurement

Features
¡¡ User friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI)
¡¡ Capable of modifying the material database
¡¡ Visualization of absorption performance w.r.t .
frequency
¡¡ Displays the convergence of result through
optimization
¡¡ Computationally efficient software (less computation
time)

Applications
¡¡ Stealth platforms : Aerospace, Navy, IAF, HAL
¡¡ Mobile industry (EMI shielding)
¡¡ Health care industry (radiation hazard mitigation) Output
¡¡ est material combinations
B
Inputs ¡¡ Optimized thickness of each layer
¡¡ Absorption characteristics
¡¡ Measured permittivity and permeability,
¡¡ Reflection loss over broadband
(EM characterization facilities available for
¡¡ Optimization convergence plot
measurement)
¡¡ Computation time
¡¡ Operating frequency band
¡¡ RCS reduction using material can be provided
¡¡ Number of layers
through indigenously developed SPARCS software
¡¡ Desired reflection value
¡¡ Optimization / Accuracy parameters

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 SPARCS Centre for Electromagnetics (CEM)

Stealth Platform Asymptotic Radar Cross section Software (SPARCS)

SPARCS: RCS Prediction Software with/without RAS

¡¡ Indigenous Radar Cross Section estimation software

using hybrid asymptotic high frequency methods
¡¡ Optimization of radar absorber thickness profile
towards payload reduction over broadband
¡¡ RCS estimation with/without radar absorber coating/
structures (RAM/RAS)

GUI of the RCS estimation software

RCS of typical fighter aircraft model

¡¡ Fast RCS estimation of analytical models

¡¡ Parallelized numerical ray tracing based hybrid high
frequency methods for RCS estimation of Complex
Ray tracing inside air-intake duct Surfaces such as aircraft, UAV, missiles, ships

RCS reduction with RAM Cylindrical duct RCS validation

RCS reduction with RAM Cylindrical duct RCS validation

SPARCS can be used in area of aerospace, automotive, defense and naval domains
to estimate the radar cross section of 3D complex surfaces
 SPARCS

Features
¡¡ Software support for parallel computing, including GPU processing.
¡¡ Indigenous algorithms with enhanced precision and better run-times
¡¡ User friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI).
¡¡ Supports STL (stereolithography) CAD format
¡¡ RCS data vs. frequency and aspect angle (Cartesian and Polar)
¡¡ Ray tracing/ray path visualization and access to ray path data
¡¡ Ray data to facilitate the perceptions of the scattering mechanism towards low RCS design
¡¡ Software Validation Test Cases
   (with Accurate Solvers/Measurement Results)

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
 UAV
RTA COCKPIT SUCHAN - Mini UAV
Suchan is an all composite, light weight, modular mini UAV
designed and developed by CSIR-NAL. Its designed to meet
high altitude operation requirements and has a ceiling
altitudes of 5000 m ASL. This Indigenously designed and
developed mini-UAV is a far more cost efficient solution
than other UAVs.

Specifications
Payload : Interchangeable nose assembly
(Pan-tilt Gimbal)
- Option 1 : EO camera (1080p)
- Option 2 : Infra-red camera Key Features
(640x480 pix) ¡¡ Rugged system for harsh environments
Range : 10 km (Communication Link)
¡¡ Easy and quick assembly
Endurance : 90 min
Speed : 10- 25 ms-1 ¡¡ Fully autonomous operation(Take-off to Landing)
Wing span : 1.85 m ¡¡ GPS aided waypoint navigation and loiter
Length : 1.40 m ¡¡ User friendly GCS with real time video and recording
Weight : 5.0 kg (Max. take-off wt.) ¡¡ RPV and Safety Pilot
Launch : Hand Launch ¡¡ Return to home at loss of link and/or low battery
Recovery : Belly Landing ¡¡ Two man portable (Backpack or Trolley)
Propulsion : Pusher type BLDC Motor
Operating Altitude : 100 - 300 m AGL,
with 5000 m max Altitude

In-House Sub-systems Development

¡¡ Inhouse UAV Design
¡¡ Inhouse Airframe Manufacturing
¡¡ NALAutopilot Hardware
¡¡ NAL Control Algorithm
¡¡ NAL Ground Control Software
¡¡ Inhouse Gimbal- Interchangable Camera
¡¡ NAL Vision Algorithms

Mission Applications Advance features

¡¡ ISTAR Missions ¡¡ Search and rescue mission
¡¡ Software Image Stabilization and Mosaicking
¡¡ Border and Coastal Patrol ¡¡ Traffic monitoring
¡¡ Forest fire detection ¡¡ GEO Tagging
¡¡ Battle damage assessment
¡¡ Situational Awareness ¡¡ Commercial aerial surveillance ¡¡ Target Tracking
¡¡ Observing the enemy lines ¡¡ Mapping Applications

Orthomosaic of the Coal Mines Digital evaluation model of a In flight video tracking &
at West Bengal coal mining area at West Bengal Night Surveillance

For more information contact :

Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in
DRISHTI & AWMS DRISHTI and Aviation Weather
Monitoring System (AWMS)

Drishti Transmissometer, a visibility measuring system is an innovative, indigenous product first of its kind,designed and
developed by CSIR-NAL.
DRISHTI uses novel signal processing techniques with high accuracy and resolution. The data acquisition at fieldsite is
in FPGA embedded platform with computation of Visibility using “Drishti RVR software” in industry standard Lab View
environment. Web enabled health monitoring, remote control of the system from any location in the country for accessing
the data and for maintenance are the other important features of this state of the art system.
The system is extremely robust with high mean time between failures. DRISHTI has been issued International Class-I
Certification. Servicing is made user-friendly and cost-effective by modular electronics and virtual instrumentation concepts
in the design.

DRISHTI gives Runway Visibility to Pilots

DRISHTI and AWMS

together gives all the
weather parameters
required for 47
SAFE Airport operations Drishtis
in 21 IGI Airport, New Delhi
International
AWMS gives Drishti has hit Century
Airports
¡¡ Wind speed
¡¡ Wind direction
¡¡ Pressure
¡¡ Temperature
¡¡ Dew Point 101 DRISHTI SYSTEMS
¡¡ Humidity IN THE COUNTRY

AWMS
54 Drishtis
in 18 IAF
Air bases

¡¡ Indigenous and Cost Effective

¡¡ Base line : 30 meters
¡¡ Measurement Range of Visibility :
10-10000 meters
¡¡ Meets International Civil Aviation
Organisation (ICAO) and World
Meteorological Organsation
(WMO) requirements KIA, Bangalore
At Kannur International Airport

Mandatory systems for safe landing and For more information contact :
Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories
PB 1779, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India.
take off operations at Airports Tel: 91-080-25086000. 25270584;
e-mail: director@nal.res.in; www.nal.res.in