Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND DIGITAL
MANUFACTURING
MODULE 5
• Flexible shaft grinders has the grinding wheel on the end of a long
flexible shaft driven by a motor on a relatively stationary stand.
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GRINDING MACHINES : Rough Grinders
3. Swing frame grinders
• It has horizontal frame about 2 to 3 m long suspended at its centre of
gravity so as to move freely within the area of operation.
• Used for snugging particularly for the large castings.
• This machine is moved around with a jib crane suspended from
columns.
1. Cylindrical grinders
•.These machines are used to produce external cylindrical surfaces.
•.This machine has a head stock and a tail stock.
•.The work piece is mounted between centers.
•.The grinding wheel and work piece move in the opposite direction.
•.The depth of the cut is given by the moving the wheel towards the work
piece.
•.In cylindrical grinding, two types of grinding are carried out: Traverse
grinding and Plunge grinding
•.General range of work speed for cylindrical grinding is from 20 to 30
s.m.p.m.
•.Wheel speed ranges from 1500 to 2000 s.m.p.m
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GRINDING MACHINES : Precision Grinders
Traverse grinding
• In traverse grinding, the work reciprocates as the wheel rotates.
• Here, work pieces of a large size can be ground with grinding wheels
that are less thick.
• Infeed grinding: The work is placed on the work rest against an end
stop and then regulating wheel is advanced towards the grinding wheel.
No axial movement of work, only movement is rotating movement.
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GRINDING MACHINES : Precision Grinders
2. Internal grinders
• Internal grinding operation means, grinding of internal holes or bores.
• Internal grinding is designed to grind the surface of bores; whether
plain or tapered with the help of a small grinding wheel mounted on a
long slender spindle which can enter in the bore.
• This operation is performed on specially designed internal grinding
machines. For internal grinding, a softer wheel is generally preferred.
3. Surface grinders
• Surface grinders are used to produce flat surfaces.
• The basic machine has a grinding wheel above the work area which
can be fed downward in very small increments into a work piece
which is being moved to the left and the right and in and out.
• This allows the wheel to contact all areas of the surface of the work
piece.
• The grinder is usually equipped with a magnetic plate used to hold the
work piece.
3. Surface grinders
3. Surface grinders
• There are two types of surface grinders
i. Reciprocating surface grinders
ii. Rotary surface grinders
i. Reciprocating Surface Grinders
• Reciprocating surface grinders are of two types:
(a) Horizontal wheel spindle and reciprocating table
(b) Vertical wheel spindle and reciprocating table
(a) Horizontal Wheel Spindle and Reciprocating Table
• These types of grinders have one reciprocating table and a horizontal spindle.
• The table can be given a reciprocating motion either manually by hand wheel or by
hydraulic power.
• Depth of cut is achieved by lowering the grinding wheel with the help of a hand wheel.
• Feed to the grinding wheel is given by rotating the hand wheel.
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GRINDING MACHINES : Precision Grinders
3. Surface grinders
(b) Vertical Wheel Spindle and Rotary Table
• These types of grinders are used in production type of work.
• In these machines, the wheel diameter should be more than the width
of surface to be machined.
3. Surface grinders
ii. Rotary Surface Grinders
• These are also of two types–horizontal spindle and vertical spindle.
• In a horizontal spindle rotary table surface grinder, the work pieces are
arranged in concentric circles on the table. The table is made to rotate under
the revolving wheel. Both the wheel and the table rotate in opposite
directions.
• A vertical spindle rotary table surface grinder makes use of a cup shape
wheel for finishing operation.
3. Surface grinders
ii. Rotary Surface Grinders