Sister Carolina S.

Agravante
- Has Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing in St. Paul Collge Manila in 1964
- Has Master’s Degree in Nursing Education in Catholic University of America
in 1970
- Has Doctoral degree in nursing in university of the Philippines manila on
April 2002
CASAGRA transformative leadership model
-derived CASAGRA theory from her name

“Focus on the type of leadership in nursing that can challenge the values of
the changing world…”

Main Propositions
- CASAGRA transformative leadership is a psycho-spiritual model, was an
effective means for faculty to become better teachers and servant-leaders.
- Care complex is a structure in the personality of the caregiver that is
significantly related to the leadership behavior.
- The CASAGRA servant-leadership formula is an effective modality in
enhancing the nursing faculty’s servant-leadership behavior.
-Vitality of Care Complex of the nursing faculty is directly related to leadership
behavior

Key Concepts

>CASAGRA transformative leadership model have concepts of leadership

from a psycho-spiritual point of view, designed to lead to radical change from
apathy or indifference to a spiritual person.

>Servant-leader formula is the enrichment package prepared as intervention

for the study which has three parts that parallel the three concepts of the
CASAGRA transformative leadership model, namely: the care complex primer,
a retreat-workshop on Servant-leadership, and a seminar-workshop on
Transformative Teaching for nursing faculty.

> Special expertise is the level of competence in the particular nursing area
that the professional nurse is engaged in.
>Retreat-workshop is the spiritual exercise organized in an ambience of
prayer where the main theme is the contemplation of Jesus Christ as a
Servant-leader.

>Servant-leadership behavior refers to the perceived behavior of nursing

faculty manifested through the ability to model the servant leadership qualities
to students, ability to bring out the best in students, competence in nursing
skills, commitment to the nursing profession, and sense of collegiality with the
school, other health professionals, and local community.

>Nursing leadership is the force within the nursing profession that sets the
vision for its practitioners, lays down the roles and functions, and influences
the direction toward which the profession should go.

>Transformative teaching may also be termed Reflective teaching, an

umbrella term covering ideas, such as thoughtful instruction, teacher
research, teacher narrative, and teacher empowerment.

>Care complex is the nucleus of care experiences in the personality of a

nurse formed by a combination of maternal care experiences, culture based-
care practices indigenous to a race and people, and the professional training
on care acquired in a formal course of nursing.

WHAT PROMPTED SISTER CAROLINA AGRAVANTE TO DO THE

THEORY?

The present day demands in the nursing profession challenge nursing

educators to revisit their basic responsibility of educating professional nurses
who are responsive to technological, educational and social changes
happening in the Philippines society today. The reopening of the doors of
foreign market to Filipino nurses, migration made easy, attractive salaries and
benefits way beyond what hospitals can afford to give.

Nursing education is faced with a new concern that is globalization of nursing

services for the international market. Therefore a need to develop
globalization of care with focus on developing caring nurses.

The formation of new nursing leaders is urgently needed; leaders with new
vision who will venture new traits and who have gone through new formation
in order to serve the society as professional nurse.

Nurses needs competent leaders with a dream what nursing can be, whose
basic stand is caring and service who are competent in nursing, assertive of
their own rights with the help profession.

MEANING OF THE THEORY

Based on the study, the effect of the CASAGRA Leadership model using the
servant leader model on the leadership behavior of the nursing faculty, the
care complex in the personality of the nursing faculty is highly correlated to
their leadership behavior. The care complex is necessary given as a stimulant
in the performance of the leadership activities. The leadership behavior of the
faculty after going to the servant leadership formula was significantly higher in
the two-post test periods than during the pre-test. It improved the leadership
behavior of the nursing faculty in both groups.

LOGICAL ADEQUACY
- The conceptual framework is logical because the variables are very well
explained on how transformative-leadership model be applicable through care
complex, transformative teaching servant-leader spirituality, and servant-
leader behavior.
- A person with dynamic care complex is the cornerstone of nursing
leadership. According to care complex of Agravante, caring personality rests
on the possession of a care complex with in a person as an energy source of
caring.
- The framework explains and predicts the continuous formation of nursing
leadership behavior in nursing faculty that will eventually affect their teaching
function.
- Servant-leadership formula runs parallel to the generic elements of the
transformative-leadership model.
- Transformative teaching is the guide that desired for the modern educative
process designed to form the millennium professional nurse.
- Expertise is the practice of caring and proactive in face of challenges for the
profession go hand-in-hand. Education and practice bring this about.

STRENGTHS
- It provided the task of the formation of the nurse leaders at the
baccalaureate level so that the profession assured the graduates possess the
mind and heart of a nursing leader who is of the nursing profession
- It can also be use in other educational settings not just on nursing profession

WEAKNESSES/ LIMITATIONS
- CASAGRA transformative leadership limits only on Roman Catholic and
Christians nursing educators.
- Did not consider other religion to this study. In the Philippines we have a
variety of religion present. Every religion has its own traditions and practices
to be considered.
- According to the study the control and study groups were selected from the
same faculty in the two schools, it is highly possible that experience could
have been discussed casually in faculty room and in some way must
contaminated the intervention.

USEFULNESS (PRACTICABILTY)

It is significant to the nurse educators. It will help them to achieve the vision-
mission as a network of innovative, competent empowered educators towards
excellence in national and global development. The theory could be the
answer in the modern-world challenges in nursing education that is centered
on the teaching of Jesus, a paradigm of peace.

GENERALIZABILITY AND PARSIMONY

-Nursing students will be assured of similar leadership formation that will be

provided to them by the nursing educators who advocated the CASAGRA
Transformative Leadership model. It will give them the confidence they need
to face the challenges in the profession.

-Transformative teachers are basically who looks into herself, sees her
assumptions and feelings in the light of the nursing profession in the modern
days, how her own philosophy of life affects professional life with her students

SIMPLICITY
- Agravante’s theory does not possess simplicity because the study group has
to undergo seminar and retreats which somehow give hassles to them.

- The theory is designed to transform a servant leader which Agravante

possesses Jesus as a sample

EMPIRICAL PRECISION
-The study was conducted to determine the effects of the CASAGRA
transformative leadership model for nursing faculty on the servant leadership
behavior of the nursing faculty. The quasi-experimental two-group pre-test
post-test design was utilized in the study. The study population consisted of 30
nursing faculty , divided into control and study group randomly selected to
participate in the Servant-leader formula for nursing faculty.