Classification

of Matter
 Pure Substances
 every sample has the same
characteristic properties &
composition

 ELEMENTS
 one type of atom
Ex: iron (Fe), gold (Au), oxygen (O)
(anything off the periodic table)

 COMPOUNDS
 2 or more types of atoms:
Ex: salt (NaCl), sugar
(C6H12O6), water (H2O)
Mixtures
2 or more substances that aren’t
chemically combined and can be
separated by physical means

each component keeps its own

identity and properties
 Homogeneous Mixtures
 uniform in composition Ex:
so NO visible parts  vinegar
 also called a solution  air
 salt water
 brass
brass

Brass is any alloy of

copper and zinc
 Heterogeneous Mixtures
Ex:
 soil
 NOT
uniform in
 concrete
composition so you
CAN see visible parts  blood
 chocolate chip
cookies
 sand in water
 soda
More Examples of Mixtures
 Physical Separation
Techniques
 Filtration-solid part
is trapped by filter
paper and the
liquid part runs
through the paper
 Vaporization- where
the liquid portion is
evaporated off to
leave solid
Physical Separation
Techniques
 Decanting- when
liquid is poured off
after solid has settled
to bottom
 Centrifuge- machine
that spins a sample
very quickly so that
components with
different densities will
separate
Physical Separation Techniques
 PaperChromatography- used to separate mixtures
because different parts move quicker on paper than
other
Practice
Determine whether each of the following is element,
compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous
mixture.

 air  brass
 zinc  whole milk
 chlorine  apple
 granite  table salt
 aluminum  soft drinks
 sugar in water  vinegar
 blood  concrete
 sucrose  sodium
 stainless steel  baking soda (NaHCO3)
 sodium chloride  gravel