17.fire Fighting12!02!08

“To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training
Fire detection, prevention

& Fighting
17.Fire detection, prevention & fighting D1MC Semester 2 / ECS / March 2007/LSC / 1
Fire Detection, Prevention & Fighting

SOLAS Chapter II-2
Construction – Fire protection, fire detection
and fire extinction.
• Part A: General
• Part B: Fire safety measures for passenger
ships
• Part C: Fire safety measures for cargo ships
• Part D: Fire safety measures for tankers
Fire Detection, Prevention & Fighting

SOLAS Chapter II-2
Construction – Fire protection, fire detection and fire
extinction.
• Part A: General
• Regulation 20 : Fire Control Plans and Fire Drill
• Ship fire fighting organization
• Formal and informal training
• Training in skill and knowledge
• Procedures for testing of fire fighting appliances
Fixed Water Extinguishing System
Fixed Water Extinguishing System
Hydrant Box Emergency fire pump
Fixed Sprinkler Extinguishing System
Fixed Sprinkler Extinguishing System

•It provides a network of sprinkler heads throughout the
protected spaces of the accommodation areas especially.
•The sprinkler heads which both detect and extinguish fire,
is closed by a quartzoid bulb which contains a liquid that
expands considerably on heating.
•When excessively heated the liquid expands, shatters the
bulb and water will issue from the sprinkler heads.
•Regular check by creating fault conditions at the various
section control valves by opening a test valve and checking
for audible and visual alarm.
CO2 Total Flooding System

•To operate, first ensure that the compartment is
evacuated of personnel and sealed off.
•This necessitate closing all doors to the E/R,
skylight, dampers in vents and stopping ventilation
fan & pumps.
• Opened steel control box door, this operates a
switch which activate audible and visual alarms in
E/R & shut off ventilation fans.
•The CO2 direction valve handle inside the box would
then be pulled and this would release the gas.
•This would give 40% saturation of CO2 in the
compartment of which 85% enters within 2 minutes.
Fixed CO2 Extinguishing System
Entrance to CO2 room
Banks of CO2 bottles
Details of release mechanism
Fixed CO2 Extinguishing System
Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

•The automatic inductor unit ensures the correct mixing of
water and foam compound which is then pumped as the
foam making solution to the hydrants for use.
•The foam compound tank is sealed to protect the contents
from deterioration and has linked compound supply and air
vent valves.
•To operate the system, these two linked valves are opened
and the fire pump started. Foam mixing is carefully
metered by the automatic induction unit.
Foam compound tank Foam distribution piping
Foam pump Foam release control panel
Foam sprayer in Foam release control panel

engine control
room
Fixed Dry Powder Extinguishing System
Inert Gas System
Types of fire detectors

• Thermal detectors
• Smoke obscuration
• Light scattering
• Ionization of combustion products
Fire Detector – Thermal Detector

• A ‘rate of rise’ detector operates by two bimetal
strips.
• On an appreciable rate of rise in temperature, the
contact ‘B’ on the faster response bimetal strip
closes on contact ‘C’ of the slow acting bimetal strip.
• This causes an alarm signal to be produced by an
alarm circuit connected between points ‘A’ and ‘B’.
• To ensure an alarm before 780, ‘E’ on the slow
acting bimetal strip closes on ‘F’ at the required
space temperature, and an alarm is initiated.
• Least sensitive. Large heat for fire detector
operation.
• Use in laundries, drying rooms, galleys & pantries.
Fire Detection – Thermal Detector
Fire Detector – Obscuration Smoke Detector

• Infra-red light beams, at an operating frequency of
1000 pulses/sec. is received by a photoelectric
cell & analysed.
• In a fire, smoke rises and spreads below ceiling
level and the intensity of the light falling on
receiver is reduced due to light scattering or
absorption.
• Fire alarm sounds when the signal strength is
reduced to between 40-90 % for a period of about
5 seconds.
• Suitable for covering large areas with flat ceilings
and not suitable for outside use.
Obscuration Smoke Fire Detector
Scattered Light Fire Detector

•Detector placed in-line with the pulsed infra-red
light source.
•In the absence of smoke, masking disc casts a
shadow over AB and prevent light from light
emitting diode from falling onto detecting photocell.
•In the presence of smoke, light is scattered and
some of it falls onto the photocell.
•Evaluation circuit trigger an alarm if threshold limit
is exceeded.
Scattered Light Fire Detector
Two Source Ionization Fire Detector

•Similar chambers each contain specially prepared radium,
which emits positively charged alpha particles (helium)
•This alpha radiation ionises the air in the chambers rendering
it conductive. Positive ions are attracted to the cathode and
electrons are attracted to the anode.
•When combustion particles enter the open chamber, charged
particles become attached to them.
•This reduces the conductivity of the open chamber, and
increases the resistance. The increase in potential at mid point
relative to negative side trigger an alarm.
Two Source Ionization Fire Detector
Single Source Ionization Detector

•The detector has a chamber that is open to the air and is
divided into two regions by a perforated electrode known as
collector.
•A small radioactive source ionises the air in these two
regions and the electrical potential between them is balanced
on the collector.
•When smoke enters the chamber, the balance is disturbed by
an amount dependent on the smoke density.
•This changes form the basis of the analogue output to the
trigger circuit.
Single Source Ionization Detector
Infra - Red Detector
Testing Fire Fighting Appliances

•Portable extinguishers are pressure vessels and must be
.
regularly checked.
• Soda acid and foam extinguisher containers are initially
tested to 25 bar for 5 minutes and thereafter at 4-yearly
intervals to 20 bar.
•Carbon dioxide extinguisher is tested to 207 bar initially
every 10 years and after 2 such tests, every 5 years. They
should be weighed every 6 months to check for leakages.
•Dry powder extinguisher is tested to 35 bar once every 4
years.
Plan and Programme for Fire Fighting Training

.
•Where is the nearest fire extinguisher?
•What types is it ?
• How is it operated ?
•Fire drills ?
•Practices are useful and should be seriously undertaken.
•Equipment should be tried and tested to ensure it works.
•Regular maintenance. Statutory survey.

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“To Be A Leader In Maritime Education & Training

Fire detection, prevention

Fire Detection, Prevention & Fighting

Fire Detection, Prevention & Fighting

Fixed Water Extinguishing System

Fixed Water Extinguishing System

Hydrant Box Emergency fire pump

Fixed Sprinkler Extinguishing System

Fixed Sprinkler Extinguishing System

CO2 Total Flooding System

Fixed CO2 Extinguishing System

Entrance to CO2 room

Banks of CO2 bottles

Details of release mechanism

Fixed CO2 Extinguishing System

Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

Foam compound tank Foam distribution piping

Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

Foam pump Foam release control panel

Fixed Foam Extinguishing System

Foam sprayer in Foam release control panel

Fixed Dry Powder Extinguishing System

Inert Gas System

Types of fire detectors

Fire Detector – Thermal Detector

Fire Detection – Thermal Detector

Fire Detector – Obscuration Smoke Detector

Obscuration Smoke Fire Detector

Scattered Light Fire Detector

Scattered Light Fire Detector

Two Source Ionization Fire Detector

Two Source Ionization Fire Detector

Single Source Ionization Detector

Single Source Ionization Detector

Infra - Red Detector

Testing Fire Fighting Appliances

Plan and Programme for Fire Fighting Training

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