PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVE HAVE

GRUP 3 :
1. NABILAH WARDANI (3EB23)
2. ANIN HERMAWATI (3EB23)
3. HERLIN YULINA (3EB23)
4. SINTYA DWI PUTRI (3EB23)
5. AHMAD ZAKARIA (4IA26)
6. ATHILLA AKBAR (4IA26)
7. RIZQY FITRIANTO (4IA26)
 PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSSATIVE VERBS

I. PASSIVE VOICE
A sentence can be either in active or passive voice. In an active sentence,the
subject performs the action. In a passive sentence, the subject receives the action.
The passive voice does The passive voice does exist for a reason, however,
and exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be its presence is
not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended)
despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:
in two situations:
 When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted
upon : The unidentified victim was apparently struck during early morning
hours.
 When the actor in the situation is not important : The aurora borealis can be
observed in the early morning hours

The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the
"normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at
how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

1. Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
The main verb is always in its past participle form
Look at these examples :

2. Use The Passive Voice

We use the passive when:
• we want to make the active object more important
• we do not know the active subject

3. Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the
passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and
the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the
auxiliary verb. So, for example:
• present simple: It is made
• present continuous: It is being made
• present perfect: It has been made
Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:
4. Active and Passive Structure
 II. CAUSATIVE VERBS
A causative form is, ‘(a) an expression of an agent causing or forcing a
subject to perform an action or to be in a certain condition--salient cause, (b) an
expression of a subject involved in a non-volitional event that registers the
changes of its state--salient effect, (c) an expression of a grammatical modality in
perfective (sequential) or subjunctive (hypothetical) or realize (non-hypothetical)
state--perceptual salient.‘ (From Wikipedia).
The causative verb is a common structure in English. It shows that
somebody or something is indirectly responsible for an action. "The subject does
not perform the action itself, but causes someone or something else to do it
instead" (Pinker 1989). Simply, do you cut your own hair? Probably not. Yet you
are in control - you go to the stylist and tell him what you want. You do not do it,
but you control it, you are the cause.
Causative verbs are used to indicate that one person causes a second person
to do something for the first person.
The causative are : have/get, make, let

1. Have/ Get
 the pattern Have active
S + have + complement + verb in simple form
(any tenses) usually person ( V1 )

Examples : 1. Marry has John wash the car (present tense)

 2. Marry had John wash the car (past tense)
3. Marry is having John wash the car ( present continuous)
4. Marry has had John wash the car (present perfect)
5. Marry had had John wash the car (past perfect)
6. Marry will have John wash the car (future tenses)
 The pattern Get Active
S + get + complement + verb in infinitive
(any tense) (usually person) (to + v1)

Examples
1. Marry gets John to wash the car (simple present)
2. Marry got John to wash the car (past tense)
3. Marry is getting John to wash the car (present continuous)
 The pattern Have and Get Passive
S + Have/ Get + complement + verb in past participle
(any tense) (usually thing) V3

Examples
1. James has/gets his shirts cleaned at the drycleaners
2. Pat is having/is getting her car repaired this week
3. Anna had/got her paper typed by a friend.
2. Make
Make→→ can be followed only by a clause in the active voice. It is stronger
than have or get. It means force.
The pattern Make/force
S + make + complement + verb in simple form
S+ force + complement + verb in Infinitive
Examples
1. The teacher always makes the children stay in their class
2. The teacher always forces the children to stay in their class
3. The manager made the salesmen attend the conference
4. The manager forced the salesmen to attend the conference
5. The president is making his cabinet members sign this document
6. The president is forcing his cabinet members to sign this
document
 3. Let
Let →→ is not actually causative, it means allow or permit.
The pattern Let/ permit/allow
S + let + complement + verb in simple form
(any tense) v1

S + permit + complement + verb in infinitive

Allow
(any tense) to + v1

Examples
1. John let his daughter swim with her best friend
2. John permitted/ allowed his daughter to swim with her best friend
3. Dr Jones is letting the students hand in the papers
4. Dr. Jones is permitting/allowing the students to hand in the papers
EXERCISE

 PASSIVE VOICE
Change the active sentence to be a passive voice!

1. A : Mommy cleans the room everyday

P:

2. A : My uncle fixed the toy yesterday

P:

3. A : Joe has taken a Mandarin course

P:

4. A : Jack and Jill were watching TV

P:

5. A : Susan has written three books

P:

 CAUSATIVE VERBS
1. The teacher made Juan …….. (leave) the room.

2. Toshiko had her car …….. (repair) by a machine

3. Ellen got Marvin …..(type) her paper

4. We got our house ……. (paint) last week

5. Mark got his transcripts …… (send) to the university.

DATA SOURCE & REFERENCE

 PASSIVE VOICE
 CAUSATIVE HAVE