SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements Class II Road (BM70)

Type of box culvert B2.4 x H1.4

Clear width m 2.40

Clear height m 1.40
Height of fillet m 0.15

Thickness Side wall cm 30.0

Top slab cm 30.0
Bottom slab cm 30.0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall Outside cm 6.0
Inside cm 6.0
Top slab Upper cm 6.0
Lower cm 6.0
Bottom slab Lower cm 6.0
Upper cm 6.0

Bar arrangement (dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall Lower outside Tensile bar mm 19@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Middle inside Tensile bar mm 19@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper outside Tensile bar mm 19@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Top slab Upper edge Tensile bar mm 19@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Lower middle Tensile bar mm 19@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Bottom slabLower edge Tensile bar mm 19@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper middle Tensile bar mm 19@150
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Fillet Upper edge Fillet bar mm Err:504

Lower edge Fillet bar mm Err:504

2 Design Parameters

Unit Weight Reinforced Concrete gc= 2.4 tf/m3

Backfill soil (wet) gs= 1.8 tf/m3
(submerged) gs'= 1.0 tf/m3

Live Load Class of road Class II (BM70)

Truck load at rear wheel P= 7.0 tf
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road Ci= 0.3 (D<4.0m)
0.0 (D>4.0m)
Pedestrian load (for Class V roads) 0 tf/m2

Concrete Design Strength sck= 300 kgf/cm2

(K300) Allowable Compressive Stress sca= 60 kgf/cm2
Allowable Shearing Stress ta= 5.5 kgf/cm2

Reinforcement Bar Allowable Tensile Stress ssa= 1,400 kgf/cm2

(U24, deformed bar) Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar ssy= 3,000 kgf/cm2

Young's Modulus Ratio n= 24

Coefficient of static earth pressure Ka= 0.5

1 / 63 449917096.xls/Summary
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B2.40m x H1.40m Class II Road
Soil Cover Depth: 0.2 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0.5
gw: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1.00 t/m3
gd: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1.80 t/m3
Gwd
gs: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2.00 t/m3
D
gc: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2.40 t/m3
sck: Concrete Design Strength 300 kgf/m2
sca Allowable Stress of Concrete 60 kgf/m2
t2
ssa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 1400 kgf/m2
ta: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 5.5 kgf/m2
ssy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 3000 kgf/m2
n: Young's Modulus Ratio 24
H
Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1.2
Hf HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 1.40 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 2.40 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0.15 m
B t1: Thickness of Side Wall 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
B t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
T
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 3.00 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 2.00 m
D: Covering Depth 0.20 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.20 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.00 m
for Case 3, 4 1.40 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0.06 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 2
Side Wall d1 0.06 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 7.00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0.06 m Ii: Impact coefficient (D≧4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0.3
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0.14 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0.35 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 7.00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0.14 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0.35 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 1.75 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0.14 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0.35 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0.00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 1.700 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 2.700 m
D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 0.350 m
t2

H H0

t3

B0

2/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
 Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)(2B0-bm')/(am'B0^2) = 4.8533 tf/m2, B= 2.700
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 2.500 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 0.540 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 2.500 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 0.540 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 2.500 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 0.540 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 13.4815 tf/m2, B= 2.700
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 2.500 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 0.540 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 2.500 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 0.540 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 2.500 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 0.540 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 13.4815 tf/m2, B= 2.700
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 2.500 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 0.540 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 2.500 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 0.540 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 2.500 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 0.540 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 4.8533 tf/m2, B= 2.700 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3)
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 13.4815 tf/m2, B= 2.700 m Distributed load total ### ### ###
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m Select the combination case of ### tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 1.2540 > 1.2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 7.524 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*gw U= 6.000 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd} = 1.080 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc = 6.444 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1.2

3/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
3 Load calculation

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8200
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 4.8533
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.0333

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000 we1= 0.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.1800
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1500
Ph1= 0.4800

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.1800
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8500
Ph2= 3.8800

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.0080

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8200
Wtop Wtop= 0.8200
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.7467
Pvd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 4.8533
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.2222
Q= 5.3778

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 X = SM/SV = 1.350 m
side wall (left) 1.0080 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.000 m
side wall (right) 1.0080 - 2.7000 - 2.7216
invert 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 0.9720 - 1.3500 - 1.3122 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.3778
Pvt1 13.1040 - 1.3500 - 17.6904 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.3778
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 3.7060 - 0.6291 2.3313
side wall (right) - -3.7060 - 0.6291 -2.3313
internal water 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
uplift -6.0000 - 1.3500 - -8.1000
total 14.5200 19.6020

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 0.3600
Pvt1 4.8533
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8200
Ws 0.7467
Pq= 6.7800

4/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8200
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 13.4815
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 14.6615

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 6.7407 we1= 13.4815 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.1800
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1500
Ph1= 7.2207

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 6.7407
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.1800
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8500
Ph2= 10.6207

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.0080

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8200
Wtop Wtop= 0.8200
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.7467
Pvd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 13.4815
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.2222
Q= 14.0059

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m)
(tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 X = SM/SV = 1.3500 m
side wall (left) 1.0080 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.0080 - 2.7000 - 2.7216
invert 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 0.9720 - 1.3500 - 1.3122 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 14.0059
Pvt1 36.4000 - 1.3500 - 49.1400 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 14.0059
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 15.1653 - 0.7960 12.0716
side wall (right) - -15.1653 - 0.7960 -12.0716
internal water 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
uplift -6.0000 - 1.3500 - -8.1000
total 37.8160 51.0516

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 0.3600
Pvt1 13.4815
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8200
Ws 0.7467
total Pq= 15.4081

5/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8200
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 4.8533
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.0333

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000 we1= 0.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 0.3150
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 0.3150

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 1.8450
WP=-gw*H P4= -1.4000
Ph2= 0.4450

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.0080

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8200
Wtop Wtop= 0.8200
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.7467
Pvd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 4.8533
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 1.2278 hiw: internal water depth 1.400
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 8.8278

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 X = SM/SV = 1.3500 m
side wall (left) 1.0080 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.0080 - 2.7000 - 2.7216
invert 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 0.9720 - 1.3500 - 1.3122 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 8.8278
Pvt1 13.1040 - 1.3500 - 17.6904 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 8.8278
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 0.6460 - 0.8015 0.5178
side wall (right) - -0.6460 - 0.8015 -0.5178
internal water 3.3150 - 1.3500 - 4.4753
uplift 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
total 23.8350 32.1773

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 0.3600
Pvt1 4.8533
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8200
Ws 0.7467
total Pq= 6.7800

6/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8200
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 13.4815
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 14.6615

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 6.7407 we1= 13.4815 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 0.3150
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 7.0557

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 6.7407
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 1.8450
WP=-gw*H P4= -1.4000
Ph2= 7.1857

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.0080

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8200
Wtop Wtop= 0.8200
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.7467
Pvd Pvd= 0.3600
Pvt1 Pvt1= 13.4815
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 1.2278 hiw: internal water depth 1.400
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 17.4559

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m)
(tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 X = SM/SV = 1.3500 m
side wall (left) 1.0080 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.0080 - 2.7000 - 2.7216
invert 2.2140 - 1.3500 - 2.9889 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 0.9720 - 1.3500 - 1.3122 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 17.4559
Pvt1 36.4000 - 1.3500 - 49.1400 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 17.4559
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 12.1053 - 0.8474 10.2582
side wall (right) - -12.1053 - 0.8474 -10.2582
internal water 3.3150 - 1.3500 - 4.4753
uplift 0.0000 - 1.3500 - 0.0000
total 47.1310 63.6269

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 0.3600
Pvt1 13.4815
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8200
Ws 0.7467
total Pq= 15.4081

Summary of Load Calculation

Item Pv1 Ph1 Ph2 Pq Wsw q1

7/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
Case (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m) (tf/m2)
Case.1 6.0333 0.4800 3.8800 6.7800 1.0080 5.3778
Case.2 14.6615 7.2207 10.6207 15.4081 1.0080 14.0059
Case.3 6.0333 0.3150 0.4450 6.7800 1.0080 8.8278
Case.4 14.6615 7.0557 7.1857 15.4081 1.0080 17.4559

8/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
Class II Road

(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)

9/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load
m

(3)
a) + c)
###

10/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

11/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

12/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

13/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

14/ 63 (1)449917096.xls, Load

4 Analysis of Plane Frame

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 0.480 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 3.880 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.033 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 6.780 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.700 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.700 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.700 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 0.60690 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 0.44313 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 3.66525 tf･m
CDA = CAD = PqB /12 0
2
= 4.11885 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t2 /(B0t1 ) =
3 3
0.6296
k3 = H0t /(B0t1 ) =
3
3 3
0.6296

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

2.6296 1.0 qA -3.51195000

=
1.0 2.6296 qB 3.22211667

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

15/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
qA = -2.10606 qC = -2.02621
qB = 2.02621 qD = 2.10606

16/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -2.7928 tf･m
= 2.3895 tf･m
= -2.3895 tf･m
= 2.3895 tf･m
= -2.3895 tf･m
= 2.7928 tf･m
= -2.7928 tf･m
= 2.7928 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 3.880 tf/m2 w1 w1
w2 Load at end B 0.480 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -2.7928 tf･m w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.3895 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 2.572 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -1.134 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 0.940 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = -0.673 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -2.793 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -2.389 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 2.5719 -3.8800 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 3.032
0.848
Bending moment at x 0.8484 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
2 3
= -1.804 tf・m

17/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
18/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.033 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.700 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.3895 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.3895 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.700 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 8.145 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -8.145 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.700 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 5.249 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -5.249 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.389 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -2.389 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.350 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x /2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
2
= 3.108 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 0.480 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 3.880 tf/m 2

w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.3895 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 2.7928 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 1.134 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -2.572 tf

19/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
20/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 0.673 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = -0.940 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.389 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -2.793 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 1.1341 -0.4800 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -1.332
0.852
Bending moment at x 0.8516 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= ### tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 6.780 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 6.780 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -2.79281 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 2.79281 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.700 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9.153 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9.153 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.899 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -5.899 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -2.793 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -2.793 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9.1530 -6.7800 x , x = 1.350

21/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.3500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 3.385 tf・m

22/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 7.221 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 10.621 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 14.661 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 15.408 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.700 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.700 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.700 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2.23030 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 2.06653 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B
2 2 2
0
2 3 3 4 4
0
2
= 8.90685 tf･m
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 9.36045 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.62963
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.62963

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

2.6296 1.0 qA -7.13015494

=
1.0 2.6296 qB 6.84032160

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -4.32632 qC = -4.24647
qB = 4.24647 qD = 4.32632

23/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
24/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -6.6365 tf･m
= 6.2331 tf･m
= -6.2331 tf･m
= 6.2331 tf･m
= -6.2331 tf･m
= 6.6365 tf･m
= -6.6365 tf･m
= 6.6365 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 10.621 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 7.221 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -6.6365 tf･m w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 6.2331 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 8.3015 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -6.8637 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 3.434 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.22 m
Sx2 = -3.167 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -6.636 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -6.233 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 8.3015 -10.6207 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 9.771
0.850
Bending moment at x 0.8496 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
2 3
= -3.212 tf・m

25/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
26/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 14.661 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.700 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -6.2331 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 6.2331 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.700 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 19.793 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -19.793 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.700 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 12.755 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -12.755 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -6.233 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -6.233 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.350 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 7.127 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 7.221 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 10.621 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -6.2331 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 6.6365 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 6.864 tf

27/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -8.302 tf

28/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 3.167 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = -3.434 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -6.233 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -6.636 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 6.8637 -7.2207 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -8.0711
0.8504
Bending moment at x 0.8504 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -3.2122 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 15.408 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 15.408 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -6.6365 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 6.6365 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.700 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 20.801 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -20.801 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 13.405 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -13.405 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -6.636 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -6.636 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 20.8010 -15.4081 x , x = 1.3500

29/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.3500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 7.404 tf・m

30/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 0.315 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 0.445 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.033 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 6.780 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.700 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.700 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.700 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 0.09465 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 0.08839 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B
2 2 2
0
2 3 3 4 4
0
2
= 3.66525 tf･m
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 4.11885 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.62963
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.62963

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

2.6296 1.0 qA -4.02420250

=
1.0 2.6296 qB 3.57686417

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -2.39377 qC = -2.27052
qB = 2.27052 qD = 2.39377

31/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
32/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB = -2.61166 tf･m
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA = 2.23566 tf･m
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC = -2.23566 tf･m
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB = 2.23566 tf･m
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD = -2.23566 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC = 2.61166 tf･m
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA = -2.61166 tf･m
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD = 2.61166 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 0.445 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 0.315 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -2.6117 tf･m w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.2357 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 0.563 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -0.083 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 0.358 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = 0.077 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -2.612 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -2.236 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 0.5626 -0.4450 x + 0.0382 x2 , x = 10.195
1.443
Bending moment at x 1.4432 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -2.225 tf・m

33/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
34/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.033 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.700 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.236 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.236 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.700 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 8.145 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -8.145 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.700 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 5.249 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -5.249 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.236 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -2.236 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.350 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 3.262 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 0.315 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 0.445 tf/m 2

w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.236 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 2.612 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 0.083 tf

35/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -0.563 tf

36/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = -0.077 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = -0.358 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.236 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -2.612 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 0.0834 -0.3150 x -0.0382 x2 , x = -8.50
0.257
Bending moment at x 0.2568 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -2.225 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 6.780 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 6.780 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -2.612 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 2.612 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.700 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9.153 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9.153 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.899 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -5.899 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -2.612 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -2.612 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9.1530 -6.7800 x , x = 1.350

37/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.3500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 3.567 tf・m

38/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 7.056 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 7.186 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 14.661 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 15.408 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.700 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.700 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.700 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.71804 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 1.71178 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 8.90685 tf･m
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 9.36045 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.62963
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.62963

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

2.6296 1.0 qA -7.64240744

=
1.0 2.6296 qB 7.19506910

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -4.61403 qC = -4.49078
qB = 4.49078 qD = 4.61403

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40/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB = -6.45532 tf･m
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA = 6.07932 tf･m
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC = -6.07932 tf･m
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB = 6.07932 tf･m
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD = -6.07932 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC = 6.45532 tf･m
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA = -6.45532 tf･m
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD = 6.45532 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 7.186 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 7.056 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -6.455 tf･m w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 6.079 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 6.292 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.813 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 2.852 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.22 m
Sx2 = -2.417 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -6.455 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -6.079 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 6.2922 -7.1857 x + 0.0382 x2 , x = 187.055
0.880
Bending moment at x 0.8798 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -3.692 tf・m

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42/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 14.661 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.700 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -6.079 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 6.079 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.700 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 19.793 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -19.793 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.700 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 12.755 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -12.755 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -6.079 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -6.079 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.350 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 7.281 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 7.056 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 7.186 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -6.079 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 6.455 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.700 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5.813 tf

43/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -6.292 tf

44/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 2.4175 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.220 m
Sx2 = -2.8519 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -6.079 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -6.455 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.8130 -7.0557 x -0.0382 x2 , x = -185.4
0.820
Bending moment at x 0.8202 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -3.692 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 15.408 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 15.408 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -6.455 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 6.455 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.700 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 20.801 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -20.801 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 13.405 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 2.220 m
Sx2 = -13.405 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -6.455 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -6.455 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 20.8010 -15.4081 x , x = 1.350

45/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.3500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 7.585 tf・m

46/63 (2)449917096.xlsMSN
Summary of Internal forces

Check M N S (tf)
Member Case
Point (tf･m) (tf) at joint at 2d
Side wall A -2.793 9.153 2.572 0.940
(left) Case.1 Middle -1.804 8.650 0.000 -
B -2.389 8.145 -1.134 -0.673
A -6.636 20.801 8.302 3.434
Case.2 Middle -3.212 20.297 0.000 -
B -6.233 19.793 -6.864 -3.167
A -2.612 9.153 0.563 0.358
Case.3 Middle -2.225 8.297 0.000 -
B -2.236 8.145 -0.083 0.077
A -6.455 20.801 6.292 2.852
Case.4 Middle -3.692 20.279 0.000 -
B -6.079 19.793 -5.813 -2.417
Top slab B -2.389 1.134 8.145 5.249
Case.1 Middle 3.108 1.134 0.000 -
C -2.389 1.134 -8.145 -5.249
B -6.233 6.864 19.793 12.755
Case.2 Middle 7.127 6.864 0.000 -
C -6.233 6.864 -19.793 -12.755
B -2.236 0.083 8.145 5.249
Case.3 Middle 3.262 0.083 0.000 -
C -2.236 0.083 -8.145 -5.249
B -6.079 5.813 19.793 12.755
Case.4 Middle 7.281 5.813 0.000 -
C -6.079 5.813 -19.793 -12.755
Side wall C -2.389 8.145 1.134 0.673
(right) Case.1 Middle -1.804 8.650 0.000 -
D -2.793 9.153 -2.572 -0.940
C -6.233 19.793 6.864 3.167
Case.2 Middle -3.212 20.297 0.000 -
D -6.636 20.801 -8.302 -3.434
C -2.236 8.145 0.083 -0.077
Case.3 Middle -2.225 8.297 0.000 -
D -2.612 9.153 -0.563 -0.358
C -6.079 19.793 5.813 2.417
Case.4 Middle -3.692 20.279 0.000 -
D -6.455 20.801 -6.292 -2.852
Invert D -2.793 2.572 9.153 5.899
Case.1 Middle 3.385 2.572 0.000 -
A -2.793 2.572 -9.153 -5.899
D -6.636 8.302 20.801 13.405
Case.2 Middle 7.404 8.302 0.000 -
A -6.636 8.302 -20.801 -13.405
D -2.612 0.563 9.153 5.899
Case.3 Middle 3.567 0.563 0.000 -
A -2.612 0.563 -9.153 -5.899
D -6.455 6.292 20.801 13.405
Case.4 Middle 7.585 6.292 0.000 -
A -6.455 6.292 -20.801 -13.405

47/63 (3)449917096.xlsSum MSN

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
1) At Joint "A"　of side wall
Case.1
M= 2.7928 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9.1530 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 2.5719 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 0.9399 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 30.51 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 25.097 kgf/cm2 ( 5363 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +78.08 sc^2 -1098.8 sc -32047.98 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3008
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.4043 cm2

Case.2
M= 6.6365 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 20.8010 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8.3015 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.4340 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 31.90 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 25.566 kgf/cm2 ( -82068 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +65.34 sc^2 -2585.1 sc -75397.75
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3047
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.6117 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9.1530 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 0.5626 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 0.3578 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 28.53 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.725 kgf/cm2 ( -1860 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +78.55 sc^2 -1043.8 sc -30442.74
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2804
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.3841 cm2

Case.4
M= 6.4553 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 20.8010 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 6.2922 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.8519 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 31.03 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 23.217 kgf/cm2 ( -84544 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +65.81 sc^2 -2530 sc -73792.51
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2847
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 6.4043 cm2 in Case1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 6.4043 0.0000 4.3841 0.0000 (cm2)

2) At Joint "B"　of side wall

Case.1
M= 2.3895 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.1450 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 1.1341 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 0.6733 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 29.34 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.478 kgf/cm2 ( 2466 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +79.37 sc^2 -948.69 sc -27670.07 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2782
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.9007 cm2

Case.2
M= 6.2331 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 19.7930 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 6.8637 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.1674 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)

48/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

 b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 31.49 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.973 kgf/cm2 ( -79670 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66.63 sc^2 -2435 sc -71019.84
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2825
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2

49/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 2.2357 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.1450 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 0.0834 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 0.0766 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 27.45 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 20.400 kgf/cm2 ( -3019 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +79.77 sc^2 -901.95 sc -26306.94
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2591
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.2436 cm2

Case.4
M= 6.0793 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 19.7930 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.8130 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.4175 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 30.71 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 20.920 kgf/cm2 ( -81128 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +67.03 sc^2 -2388.2 sc -69656.71
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2640
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 4.9007 cm2 in Case1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 4.9007 0.0000 3.2436 0.0000 (cm2)

3) At Joint "B"　of top slab

Case.1
M= 2.3895 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1.1341 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8.1450 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.2490 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 210.70 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 21.550 kgf/cm2 ( 9236 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +81.01 sc^2 -756.98 sc -22078.68 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2698
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 9.1557 cm2

Case.2
M= 6.2331 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 6.8637 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 19.7930 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 12.7555 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 90.81 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 21.995 kgf/cm2 ( -62150 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +69.66 sc^2 -2081.4 sc -60708.40
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2738
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.4213 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.2357 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 0.0834 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8.1450 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.2490 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 2680.44 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 18.649 kgf/cm2 ( 2300 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +81.66 sc^2 -681.52 sc -19877.61
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2423
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.6853 cm2

Case.4
M= 6.0793 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.8130 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 19.7930 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 12.7555 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 104.58 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 19.129 kgf/cm2 ( -64152 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +70.31 sc^2 -2006 sc -58507.33

50/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

 s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2469
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.9460 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 9.1557 cm2 in Case1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 9.1557 5.4213 7.6853 3.9460 (cm2)

51/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

4) At Joint "A"　of invert
Case.1
M= 2.7928 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5719 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9.1530 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.8986 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 108.59 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 24.498 kgf/cm2 ( 13175 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +79.62 sc^2 -918.84 sc -26799.40 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2958
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 10.5833 cm2

Case.2
M= 6.6365 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.3015 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 20.8010 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 13.4051 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 79.94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 24.915 kgf/cm2 ( -63474 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +68.27 sc^2 -2243.3 sc -65429.11
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2993
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.8536 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.6117 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 0.5626 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9.1530 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.8986 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 464.22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 20.667 kgf/cm2 ( 2931 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +80.57 sc^2 -808.86 sc -23591.67
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2616
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 8.8663 cm2

Case.4
M= 6.4553 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2922 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 20.8010 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 13.4051 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 102.59 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 21.122 kgf/cm2 ( -66980 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +69.21 sc^2 -2133.3 sc -62221.38
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2658
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.1314 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 10.5833 cm2 in Case1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 10.5833 6.8536 8.8663 5.1314 (cm2)

5) At Middle of side wall

Case.1
M= 1.8036 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.6500 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 20.85 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =14.6880 kgf/cm2 ( -13808 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +80.78 sc^2 -784.5 sc -22881.20 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2011
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

Case.2
M= 3.2122 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 20.2972 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 15.83 cm

52/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

Solving the formula shown below, sc = 14.838 kgf/cm2 ( ### kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +74.38 sc^2 -1530.9 sc -44652.07
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2028
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

53/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 2.2248 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.2973 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 26.81 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 11.289 kgf/cm2 ( -24921 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +79.76 sc^2 -902.83 sc -26332.52
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.1621
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

Case.4
M= 3.6918 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 20.2793 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 18.20 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 11.469 kgf/cm2 ( -56983 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +73.13 sc^2 -1676.2 sc -48887.79
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.1643
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.0000 cm2 in Case4 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement - - - - (cm2)
Side outside outside outside outside

6) At Middle of top slab

Case.1
M= 3.1084 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 1.1341 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 274.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 18.338 kgf/cm2 ( -13555 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +79.14 sc^2 -975.4 sc -28449.11 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2392
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.7089 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 7.1271 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 6.8637 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 103.84 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 18.824 kgf/cm2 ( -82396 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +67.33 sc^2 -2353 sc -68630.33
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2440
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 2.9699 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 3.2622 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 0.0834 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 3911.22 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 19.779 kgf/cm2 ( -9983 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +78.99 sc^2 -993.4 sc -28974.30
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2532
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 8.5263 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 7.2810 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.8130 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 125.25 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 20.244 kgf/cm2 ( -81326 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +67.18 sc^2 -2371.1 sc -69155.51

54/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

 s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2576
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.7890 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 8.5263 cm2 in Case3 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 6.7089 2.9699 8.5263 4.7890 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

55/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M= 3.3855 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 2.5719 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 131.63 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =20.6415 kgf/cm2 ( -12672 kgf/cm2) check h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +78.08 sc^2 -1098.9 sc -32051.11 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2614
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.4115 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 7.4042 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.3015 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 89.19 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 21.096 kgf/cm2 ( -85596 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66.27 sc^2 -2476.5 sc -72232.33
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2656
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.6756 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 3.5666 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 0.5626 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 633.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 21.725 kgf/cm2 ( -8823.5 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +78.08 sc^2 -1099 sc -32053.87
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2714
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 9.7046 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 7.5854 tf･m sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2922 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 200 cm
e = M/N = 120.55 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.169 kgf/cm2 ( -83674 kgf/cm2) check
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66.27 sc^2 -2476.6 sc -72235.08
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2754
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.9715 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 9.7046 cm2 in Case3 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 7.4115 3.6756 9.7046 5.9715 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement

Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).

Item Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert Side wall Top slab Invert
Point bottom top end end middle middle middle
Side outside outside outside outside inside inside inside
Calculation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Requirement 6.404 4.901 9.156 10.583 0.000 8.526 9.705 (cm2)

56/ 63 (4)449917096.xls, R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress
Type: B2.40m x H1.40m
Side wall Top slab Invert
bottom middle top end middle end middle
outside inside outside outside inside outside inside
Bending moment M kgfcm 279,281 369,180 238,949 238,949 326,221 279,281 356,661
Shearing force (joint) S kgf 8,302 0 6,864 19,793 0 20,801 0
Shearing force (2d) S2d kgf 3,434 - 3,167 12,755 - 13,405 -
Axial force N kgf 9,153 20,279 8,145 1,134 83 2,572 563
Height of member h cm 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Covering depth d' cm 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Effective height d cm 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Effective width b cm 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Effective area bd cm2 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800
Young's modulus ratio n - 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Required R-bar Asreq cm2 6.40 - 4.90 9.16 8.53 10.58 9.70

R-bar arrangement 19@250 19@250 19@250 19@250 19@250 19@250 19@150

Reinforcement As cm2 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.34 18.9

Perimeter of R-bar U ｃｍ 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88 39.79
M/N e cm 30.513 18.205 29.337 210.698 3911.218 108.589 633.959
Dist. from neutral axis c cm 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
a' 46.5 9.6 43.0 587.1 11688.7 280.8 1856.9
b' 322.6 222.1 313.0 1793.8 32007.8 960.1 8749.4
c' -7742.7 -5330.9 -7512.3 -43050.9 -768187.2 -23042.1 -209985.3
x 9.24 11.48 9.36 7.14 6.85 7.43 8.52
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(check) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

Compressive stress sc kgf/cm2 18.7 23.8 16.0 16.2 22.0 18.9 20.1
Allowable stress sca kgf/cm2 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Tensile stress ss kgf/cm2 717.3 623.4 600.4 916.2 1320.4 1012.3 874.7
Allowable stress ssa kgf/cm2 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at joint t kgf/cm2 1.73 0.00 1.43 4.12 0.00 4.33 0.00
Allowable stress ta kgf/cm2 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at 2d t2d kgf/cm2 0.72 - 0.66 2.66 - 2.79 -
Allowable stress t2da kgf/cm2 5.50 - 5.50 5.50 - 5.50 -
ok - ok ok - ok -

Resisting Moment Mr kgfcm 646,667 887,933 622,100 461,748 439,221 493,192 791,705
Mr for compression Mrc kgfcm 885,810 887,933 886,052 889,836 890,725 888,757 1,068,542
x for Mrc cm 7.506 8.418 7.429 6.914 6.841 7.016 8.446
ss for Mrc kgf/cm2 3164.3 2665.6 3212.3 3558.3 3612.1 3485.6 2651.7
Mr for tensile Mrs kgfcm 646,667 946,726 622,100 461,748 439,221 493,192 791,705
x for Mrs cm 10.148 12.196 9.941 8.366 8.103 8.712 10.544
sc for Mrs kgf/cm2 42.7 60.3 41.2 31.2 29.7 33.2 45.7

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin) 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Reinforcement bar for fillet Err:504 Err:504
Reinforcement As cm2 Err:504 Err:504

57/63 (5)449917096.xlsR-bar stress

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar As min = 4.5 cm2

58/63 (5)449917096.xlsR-bar stress

DATA PLOT PEMBESIAN

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0.300 m b2 = 2.400 m
h1 = 0.300 m h2 = 1.400 m h3 = 0.300 m d = 0.06 m
Bb = 3.000 m Ha = 2.000 m Fillet = 0.15 m

2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :
As1 (cm2) : O 19 @ 250 O 19 @ 150 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm )
2
: O 19 @ 150 O 19 @ 250

Side wall : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 19 @ 250 O 19 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 19 @ 250 O 19 @ 250

Top slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 19 @ 250 O 19 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 19 @ 250 O 19 @ 250

3. Tulangan Miring (fillet) :

Bottom slab : O### @ ###
Top slab : O### @ ###

4. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)

Lokasi : …. Irrigation Project
DATA PLOT MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0.300 m b2 = 2.400 m
h1 = 0.300 m h2 = 1.400 m h3 = 0.300 m
Bb = 2.700 m Ha = 1.700 m

2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left) Ma Mmax Mb Sa Sb Na Nb
Case 1 -2.793 -1.804 -2.389 2.572 -1.134 9.153 8.145
Case 2 -2.612 -2.225 -2.236 0.563 -0.083 9.153 8.145

Side wall (right) Mc Mmax Md Sd Sc Nd Nc

Case 1 -2.389 -1.804 -2.793 -2.572 1.134 9.153 8.145
Case 2 -2.236 -2.225 -2.612 -0.563 0.083 9.153 8.145

Top slab Mb Mmax Mc Sb Sc Nb Nc

Case 1 -2.389 3.108 -2.389 8.145 -8.145 1.134 1.134
Case 2 -2.236 3.262 -2.236 8.145 -8.145 0.083 0.083

Bottom slab Ma Mmax Md Sa Sd Na Nd

Case 1 -2.793 3.385 -2.793 -9.153 9.153 2.572 2.572
Case 2 -2.612 3.567 -2.612 -9.153 9.153 0.563 0.563

3. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)

 Lokasi : …. Irrigation Project

Case 1
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Mab = 0.848 -2.33 -2.02 -1.86 -1.80 -1.85 -1.98 -2.16
Mcd = 0.852 -2.33 -2.02 -1.86 -1.80 -1.85 -1.98 -2.16
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
Mbc = 1.35 0.02 1.73 2.76 3.11 2.76 1.73 0.02
Mad = 1.35 -0.09 1.84 3.00 3.39 3.00 1.84 -0.09

Ha = 1.700 0.213 0.425 0.638 0.850 1.063 1.275 1.488

Bb = 2.700 0.338 0.675 1.013 1.350 1.013 0.675 0.338

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 1.700 1.79 1.10 0.50 0.00 -0.42 -0.75 -0.99

Case 2
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Mab = 0.848 -2.50 -2.41 -2.34 -2.29 -2.25 -2.23 -2.23
Mcd = 0.852 -2.50 -2.41 -2.34 -2.29 -2.25 -2.23 -2.23
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
Mbc = 1.35 0.17 1.89 2.92 3.26 2.92 1.89 0.17
Mad = 1.35 0.09 2.02 3.18 3.57 3.18 2.02 0.09

Ha = 1.700 0.213 0.425 0.638 0.850 1.063 1.275 1.488

Bb = 2.700 0.338 0.675 1.013 1.350 1.013 0.675 0.338

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 1.700 0.47 0.38 0.29 0.21 0.13 0.06 -0.01
 MAB MBA
-2.793 2.389
-2.612 2.236

MCD MDC
-2.389 2.793
-2.236 2.612

MBC MCB
-2.389 2.389
-2.236 2.236

MAD MDA
2.793 -2.793
2.612 -2.612
 q1 q2
3.880 0.480
0.480 3.880
q1
6.033
6.780

q1 q2
0.445 0.315
0.315 0.445
q1
6.033
6.780