UJIAN PATOLOGI & Ref. Ranges

TEST AVAILABLE AT PATHOLOGY DEPARTME
(ACCORDING TO ALPHABETICAL ORDER)
TEST UNIT CONTAINER SPECIMEN TYPE VOLUME
Plain tube
1 Acetaminophen Core Lab (Red cap) Blood 3 ml
1.8 ml (Paeds)
2 Activated Partial Thrombin Time Core Lab
Sodium Citrate Blood 2.7ml
(APTT) Paediatric Lab
(Adults)
3 Adenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) Chemical Pathology EDTA tube Blood(Plasma) 3 ml
4 AFB Direct Smear Microbiology Sterile container Sputum,Body fluid 1 ml
5 Air sampling Microbiology Not Applicable Not applicable Not applicable
Core Lab 4 ml
6 Alanine transaminase (ALT) Paediatric Lab Heparinised Tube Blood
SCACC Lab 500ul (Peads)
Core Lab 4 ml
7 Albumin Paediatric Lab Heparinised Tube Blood
Core Lab
4 ml
8 Paediatric Lab
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Heparinised Tube Blood
500ul (Peads)
SCACC Lab
9 Allergy Testing (Screening) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
10 Allergy Testing (Specific) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
11 Clinical Toxicology
Alpha Feto-Protein (AFP) Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
12 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
13 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Amikacin Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
14 Core Lab 4 ml
Ammonia EDTA tube Blood
Paediatric Lab 500µL (Paed)
15 Amylase Core Lab Heparinised Tube Blood 4 ml
16 Amylase, urine Core Lab Urine Container Random Urine 5 ml
17 Anti HBs EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
18 Anti Mycoplasma pneumonia IgM Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
19 Not
Antibiotic sensitivity testing Microbiology Not Applicable -
Applicable
20 Antifungal Susceptibility Test (yeast Blood/CSF/Sterile body Not

Microbiology Not Applicable
and yeast-like organism only) fluid Applicable
21 Anti-HBc IgM EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
22 Anti-HBc Total EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
23 Anti-HBe EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
24 Anti-neutrophil Cytologyplasmic
Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
antigen (ANCA)
25 Anti double-stranded DNA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
26 Antinuclear antibodies - Extractable

Microbiology Plain Tube Blood 5 ml
Nuclear Antigen (ENA)
27 Antinuclear antibodies (screening) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
28 Antinuclear antibodies (IF) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
29 Anti-streptolysin 'O' Titre (ASOT) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
30 Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
31 Anti-Thyroid Microsomal antibody

Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
(anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody)
32 Anti-Thyroid receptor antibody Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
4 ml
33 Core Lab
Aspartate Transaminase (AST) Heparinised Tube Blood
Paediatric Lab
500ul (Peads)
34 Bacterial Antigen test for cerebrospinal

Microbiology Sterile tube CSF 2 ml
fluid

Benzodiazepine Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
(ß-hCG) Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
(Quantitative)
4 ml
37 Core Lab
Bilirubin - Direct Heparinised tube Blood
Paediatric Lab
500ul (Peads)
4 ml
38 Core Lab
Bilirubin - Total Heparinised tube Blood
Paediatric Lab
500ul (Peads)
39 BK virus (BKV) - DNA PCR

Microbiology Plain tube Blood,serum 5 ml
(Quantitative)
40 Aerobic Blood
Blood culture & sensitivity (aerobic) Microbiology Blood 5 -10 ml
Culture Bottle
41 Anaerobic Blood
Blood culture & sensitivity (anaerobic) Microbiology Blood 5 -10 ml
Culture Bottle
42 Blood Film for Malarial parasites

Microbiology Thick/Thin film Blood Smear
(BFMP)
43 Blood Fungal culture & Blood Fungal

Microbiology Blood 5 ml
sensitivity Culture Bottle
Blood Gases (ABG / VBG) Core Lab

44 Heparinised
Paediatric Lab Blood 2 ml
Syringe
SCACC Lab
45 BM Aspirate Haematology Smear Bone marrow Not applicable
Universal
46 BM Trephine Biopsy Haematology container (with Trephine biopsy Not applicable
10% formalin)
Body Fluids Biochemistry

i) Glucose
47 ii) Total Protein Core Lab Plain container Body Fluids 2 ml
iii) Lactate Dehydrogenase
iv) pH
48 Broncheal alveolar
Bronchial aspirate culture & sensitivity Microbiology Sterile container Not applicable
lavage
49 Caeruloplasmin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Core Lab 4 ml
50 Calcium Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
Urine Container / 5 ml /
51 Core Lab Random Urine/
Calcium, urine 24 hr urine 24 hrs Urine
Paediatric Lab 24 hrs urine
container Collection
Cancer Antigen 125 Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
Cancer Antigen 15-3 Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
Cancer Antigen 19.9 tmour marker Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab

Carbamazepine Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
Catecholamines -
24 hrs urine
57 Epinephrine - 24 hrs urine
Chemical Pathology container with Urine
Norepinephrine - collection
10mL of 25% HCL
Dopamine
58 CD4/CD8 Enumeration Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
59 Cerebrospinal fluid culture &

Microbiology Sterile container CSF 3 ml
sensitivity
60 Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
61 Chlamydia trachomatis Genital discharge/

Microbiology Smear (on slide) Not applicable
Immunofluorescence Eye discharge
Core Lab 4 ml
62 Chloride Paediatric Lab Heparinised Tube Blood
63 Core Lab
Chloride CSF Plain container CSF 1 ml
Paediatric Lab
Chloride, Urine 24 hr urine 24 hrs Urine
65 Core Lab
Cholesterol Heparinised tube Blood 4 ml
SCACC Lab
66 Cholinesterase Chemical Pathology Plain Tube Blood 3 ml
67 CMV - DNA PCR Viral Load Blood /

Microbiology EDTA 5 ml
(Quantitative) Plasma
68 CMV - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
69 CMV - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
Complement C3 Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
Complement C4 Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
72 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube Blood 3.5 ml

Copper (Cu), Serum
Lab
24 hrs urine
73 Clinical Toxicology 24 hrs urine
Copper (Cu), Urine container without Urine
Lab collection
preservative
74 BA,MAC,CHOC,
Corneal scrapping Microbiology Sterile container Culture plate
SAB
75 Cortisol, serum Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
24 hrs Urine 24 hrs urine

76 Cortisol, Urine Chemical Pathology Container without 24 hrs Urine collection (>
preservative 500ml)
77 C-Peptide Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
C-Reactive protein Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
4 ml
79 Core Lab
Creatine kinase Heparinised Tube Blood
Paediatric Lab
500ul (Peads)
Heparinised
80 Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) Core Lab Tube / Plain tube Blood 3.5 ml
(either one only)
Core Lab 4 ml
81 Creatinine Paediatric Lab Heparinised Tube Blood
82 Creatinine 24hr Peritoneal Dialysate Core Lab Plain tube Fluid 2 ml
24 hrs urine 4 ml (blood) &

83 Creatinine clearance Core Lab container & Blood & Urine 24 hrs Urine
Heparinised tube collection
84 Creatinine Peritoneal Dialysate Core Lab Plain tube Fluid 2 ml
Creatinine, Urine 24 hr urine 24 hrs Urine
2 EDTA tubes and

86 Cryoglobulin Haematology 2 Blood 2.0 ml
plain tubes
Cryopreservation procedure for bone Depends on the

87 Blood bag with Bone marrow or PBSC
marrow,peripheral Blood Stem Cell Haematology volume of the
ACD Cord blood
(PBSC), cord blood harvest.
88 Cryptococcal antigen Microbiology Sterile container CSF,Serum 3 ml
Cyclosporine EDTA tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
Universal
90 Body Fluid, As collected.
Cytology : Non-gynaecology Cytology container / sterile
Washing,Urine Minimum 20 ml.
container
Universal
91 Cytology : Non-gynaecology Cytology container / sterile Sputum Not applicable
container
92 Alcohol fixed and

Cytology: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Fine Needle Aspiration Not applicable
air-dried slides
93 Cytology: Non-gynaecology Cytology Sterile bijou bottle CSF As collected.
94 Alcohol fixed
Cytology: Non-gynaecology Cytology Brushing Not applicable
Slide
95 Alcohol fixed
Cytology: Pap smear conventional Cytology Smear (on slide) Not applicable
Slide
96 Cervical broomrinsed
Cytology: Pap smear fluid based Cytology Thin prep kit Not applicable
in thin prep kit fixative
i) Sterile container
ii) EDTA tube if
97 CSF for
Haematology RBC CSF 1 - 2 ml
Blast contamination
present
1.8 ml (Paeds)
98 Core Lab
D-Dimer Sodium Citrate Blood
Paediatric Lab
2.7ml (Adults)
99 Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
(DHEA-S)
100 Dengue Antibody- IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
101 Dengue - Antigen NS1- ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
102 Dengue - Rapid Test Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
103 Dengue - RNA PCR (Qualitative) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
104 Dengue Antibody - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
105 Digoxin Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
DIVC:
i)Prothrombin Time (PT)
ii)INR
iii)Activated Partial Thrombin Time Sodium citrate
106 (APTT) Core Lab Sodium Citrate
Blood
tube 2.7 ml
iv)APTT Ratio Paediatric Lab tube & EDTA tube & EDTA tube
v)Fibrinogen 2.5 ml
vi)D-Dimer
viii) Haemoglobin
vii) Platelet Count
107 Ear swab culture & sensitivity Microbiology Amies TM Pus Not applicable
108 EBV VCA - IgG EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
109 EBV VCA - IgM EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
110 Efficiency testing on autoclaves Microbiology Attest Attest strip Not applicable
(Attest)
111 EBV -DNA PCR Viral load Microbiology EDTA Blood / Plasma 5 ml
(Quantitative)
112 Enterovirus PCR (Qualitative) Viral Transport Throat swab, Rectal

Microbiology -
Media (VTM) swab
ESR vaccum tube

113 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Core Lab
3.2% Sodium Blood 1.2ml
Paediatric Lab
Citrate
114 Estradiol (Oestradiol/E2) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
115 Ethanol Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
116 Everolimus Clinical Toxicology

EDTA tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
1.8ml x2 (Paed)
117 Factor IX Paediatric Lab Sodium Citrate Blood
2.7ml (Adult)
1.8ml x2 (Paed)
118 Factor VIII Assay Paediatric Lab Sodium Citrate Blood
2.7ml (Adult)
1.8ml x2 (Paed)
119 Factor VIII Inhibitor Study Sodium Citrate
Paediatric Lab Blood
(2 tubes)
2.7ml x2 (Adult)
120 Ferritin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
1.8 ml (Paeds)
121 Fibrinogen Core Lab
Sodium Citrate Blood
Paediatric Lab
2.7ml (Adults)
122 Folate Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
123 Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
124 Free Thyroxine (FT4) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
125 Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Core Lab
Paed: 500uL
126 Full Blood Count (FBC) Paediatric Lab
EDTA Tube Whole Blood
SCACC Lab
Adult : 2.5 ml
Maternity Lab
127 Full Blood Picture (routine) Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
128 Full Blood Picture (urgent) Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
Tissue / Hair / Nail / Skin

129 Fungal culture Not
Microbiology Sterile container / Sterile body fluid /
Applicable
Bronchial washing / BAL
130 G6PD Assay Paed: 500uL

Paediatric Lab EDTA tube Blood
Adult : 3 ml
131 G6PD Screening Test Filter paper with

Paediatric Lab Blood Not applicable
blood spot
132 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
133 Genital culture & sensitivity Microbiology Amies TM Swab Not applicable
134 Gentamicin Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
Core Lab 4 ml
135 Glucose Paediatric Lab
Fluoride Oxalate
Blood
(FBS, 2HPP, RBS) tube
136 Glucose Peritoneal Dialysate Core Lab Fluoride Oxalate

Fluid 2 ml
SCACC tube
137 Glucose, CSF Core Lab Fluoride Oxalate

CSF 1 ml
Paediatric Lab tube
138 Growth Hormone Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
139 H Inclusion Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
140 Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Chemical Pathology EDTA tube Blood 3 ml

141 Haemoglobin Analysis Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
142 Haptoglobin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
143 Hb F quantitation Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
144 HBe Ag EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
145 HBsAg - (Screening by EIA) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
146 HBsAg - (Confirmatory by EIA) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
147 HBV - DNA PCR Viral Load Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
(Quantitative)
148 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - Ag (EIA) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
149 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - RNA PCR Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
Genotyping (Qualitative)
150 HCV - RNA PCR Viral Load Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
(Quantitative)
151 HDL Cholesterol Core Lab

Heparinised tube Blood 4 ml
SCACC Lab
152 Heinz bodies Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
153 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) - IgG EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
154 Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) - IgM EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
155 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - Ab Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

(Immunoblot)
156 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - Ab Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

(Screening by EIA)
157 Her-2 In-Situ Hybridization (ISH) : Histopathology Not applicable

Unstained slides /
Not applicable
Molecular histopathology paraffin block
158 Histopathology : Enzyme Histopathology

Universal
Fresh tissue 10mm
Histochemistry (muscle) container
Histopathology : enzyme
159 histochemistry for Universal
Histopathology Fresh tissue Not applicable
container
acetylcholinesterase (rectal)
160 Histopathology : Frozen section Universal

Histopathology Fresh tissue Not applicable
container
161 Histopathology: Histochemistry stain Unstained slides /

Histopathology Not applicable Not applicable
paraffin block
162 Histopathology: Immunofluorescence Histopathology

Universal
Fresh tissue ≥ 3mm
(IF) stain container
163 Histopathology: Histopathology Not applicable

Unstained slides /
Not applicable
Immunohistochemistry stain paraffin block
Plain container
164 Histopathology: Routine Histopathology
with 10% neutral
Tissue Not applicable
histopathology examination (HPE) buffered formalin
(NBF)
165 HIV - Ab (Immunoblot) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

166 HIV - Ab (Particle Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

Agglutination)
167 HIV - Ag/Ab Combo (Screening by Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
EIA)
168 HIV-1 p24 Antigen (EIA) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
169 HIV-1 RNA PCR Viral Load Microbiology EDTA

Blood (EDTA)/
5 ml
(Quantitative) Plasma (EDTA)
170 HIV-1 - RNA PCR Microbiology EDTA Blood (EDTA) / Plasma 5 ml

(Qualitative)
171 HSV I & II - Antigen Detection Microbiology Slide smears on slide -

(IFAT) - (differentiation)
172 HSV I & II - DNA PCR (Qualitative) Microbiology Plain tube CSF / *Blood 0.5ml / 5 ml
173 HSV I & II - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
174 HSV I & II - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
175 HTLV I & II - Ab (Screening by ELISA) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
176 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
177 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
178 Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
179 Indirect Immunoperoxidase for Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

Rickettsial (IIP)
Dacron swab in
180 Influenza PCR for Flu A, B & Flu A Microbiology Viral Transport
Throat,Nasopharyngeal
2-3 ml
H1N1 (Qualitative) & Nasal swab
Media
181 INR Core Lab

Sodium Citrate Blood 2.7 ml
Paediatric Lab
182 JC virus (JCV) - DNA PCR Microbiology EDTA Blood (EDTA) / Plasma 5 ml
(Quantitative)
183 Insulin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
184 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH 1-84) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
185 Iron (Fe) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

186 Kleihaeur Test Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
4 ml
187 Lactate Core Lab Fluoride Oxalate
Blood
Paediatric Lab tube
500ul (Peads)
4 ml
188 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Core Lab
Heparinised tube Blood
Paediatric Lab
500ul (Peads)
189 Lactate, CSF Fluoride Oxalate

Paediatric Lab CSF 1 ml
tube
190 LAP/NAP Score Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
191 Legionella pneumophilia Antigen Microbiology Sterile container Urine 5 ml
192 Leptospira Antibody IgM Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

193 Leukaemia/Lymphoma Haematology EDTA

BloodBone
2.0 ml x 2 tubes
Immunophenotyping Marrow/Body Fluid
194 Lithium Core Lab Plain tube with gel Blood 3.5 ml
195 Luteinising Hormone (LH) Chemical Pathology Plain Tube Blood 3 ml
Core Lab 4 ml
196 Magnesium Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
197 Magnesium, Urine Core Lab Random Urine/
24 hr urine 24 hrs Urine
198 Measles - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
199 Measles - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
Dacron swab in
200 MERS-CoV PCR (Qualitative) Viral Transport
Microbiology Throat swab, sputum 1-2 ml
Media, Plain
Sterile container
201 Methotrexate Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
First morning urine

(preferred). Random
202 Microalbumin, urine Core Lab Urine Container urine is acceptable if a 5 ml
first-morning urine is not
available
203 Microfilaria (Blood film) Not

Microbiology thick film Blood
Applicable
204 Mixing Test Core Lab 1.8ml (Paed)

Sodium Citrate Blood
Paediatric Lab 2.7 ml (Adult)
205 Modified Ziehl-Neelsen for Microbiology Sterile container Stool 5 ml

Cryptosporidium
206 Molecular Alpha Thalassaemia Haematology EDTA Blood 2.0 ml
207 Molecular Chimerism Assay PBSC/Bone

Haematology EDTA tube 2.0 ml
Marrow/Cord Blood
208 Molecular Detection of Mutations in Haematology EDTA tube Blood/Bone Marrow 2.0 ml X 2 tube
BCR-ABL for CML cases
209 Molecular Detection of Mutations in Haematology EDTA tube Blood/Bone Marrow 2.0 ml X 2 tube
Acute Leukaemia
210 Mumps - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
211 Mumps - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

212 Mycobacterium culture & sensitivity Microbiology

M-F Lytic Blood
Blood 5-10 ml
(Blood & Sterile body fluid) Culture Bottle
213 Mycophenolic Acid Clinical Toxicology

Lab
214 Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology Microbiology Plain Tube Blood 5 ml
215 Nasal swabs culture for MRSA Microbiology Amies TM Swab Not applicable
Screening
216 Occult Blood Core Lab

Stool container Random Faeces 1 gram
Paediatric Lab
217 Osmolality, serum Core Lab Plain tube with gel Blood 4 ml
218 Osmolality, Urine Core Lab Urine Container Random Urine 2 ml

219 Osmotic Fragility Test (OFT) Haematology Heparinised tube Blood 2 ml x 2 tubes
220 Paraquat, Urine Core Lab

Urine Container Urine 10 ml
221 Parvovirus B19 - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
222 Parvovirus B19 - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
223 Peritoneal Fluid culture & sensitivity Microbiology Sterile container Peritoneal fluid 1- 2 ml
224 Pernasal swab for Bordetella pertussis Microbiology

Bordet-Gengou
Swab Not applicable
culture and sensitivity Agar
225 pH, Urine Core Lab

Urine Container Random Urine 2 ml
Paediatric Lab
226 Phenobarbital Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
227 Phenytoin Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab
Core Lab 4 ml
228 Phosphate Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
24 hrs
229 Phosphate , Urine Core Lab
Urine Container 24 hrs/ Random Urine collection/ 2 ml
Paediatric Lab
Random
230 Pneumocystis carinii Microbiology Sterile container Induced sputum 2 mls

Immunofluorescence
231 Paroxysmal Noctural Haemoglobinuria Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml

(PNH) Immunophenotyping
Core Lab 4 ml
232 Potassium Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
233 Potassium, urine Core Lab Random Urine/
234 Progesterone Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
235 Prolactin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
236 Prostate Specific Antigen (free) Clinical Toxicology

Plain tube Blood 3 ml
Lab
237 Prostate Specific Antigen (total) Clinical Toxicology

Lab
238 Protein Electrophoresis, Serum Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

239 Protein Electrophoresis, Urine Random Urine/ 24 hrs 5 ml/ 24 hrs

Chemical Pathology Urine Container
urine urine collection
Core Lab 4 ml
240 Protein, Total Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
241 Protein, Urine Core Lab Random Urine/
container Collectio
242 Protein, CSF Core Lab

Plain container CSF 1 ml
Paediatric Lab
1.8 ml (Paeds)
243 Prothrombin Time (PT) Core Lab
Sodium Citrate Blood 2.7ml
Paediatric Lab
(Adults)
244 Pus/swab culture & sensitivity Amies TM / sterile

Microbiology Pus / Swab 3 ml
container
Conical tube
245 Pyruvate added with 4ml
Paediatric Lab Blood & CSF 2 ml
8% of perchloric
Acid Solution
246 Rapid Plasma Reagin (Syphilis) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
247 Rectal Swab for MRO Not

Microbiology Sterile Container swab
Applicable
248 Reducing Sugar Paediatric Lab Urine Container Random Urine 5 ml
Upper and Lower

249 Respiratory culture & sensitivity Microbiology Sterile container Respiratory tract Not applicable
specimen
Respiratory Virus Antigen

Nasopharyngeal &
250 Detection (IFAT) - Microbiology
Plain Sterile
Tracheal Aspirate, 1-2ml
(RSV, Influenza A/B, Parainfluenza container
Bronchoalveolar lavage
1,2,3)
251 Reticulocyte count Core Lab

EDTA tube Blood 2.5 ml
Paediatric Lab
252 Rheumatoid Factor Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml
253 Rubella - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
254 Rubella - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

255 Salicylate Plain tube

Core Lab Blood 3 ml
(Red cap)
256 Serum-Ascitic Albumin Gradient Core Lab

Plain tube /
Serum & Fluid
4 ml Blood & 2
(SAAG) Heparinised tube ml fluid
257 Sickling test Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml
258 Sirolimus Clinical Toxicology

Lab
Core Lab 4 ml
259 Sodium Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
260 Sodium, Urine Core Lab Random Urine/
Bone marrow,
261 Stem Cell CD34 Enumeration Haematology EDTA tube Peripheral Blood Stem 2.0 ml
Cell (PBSC), Cord Blood
Bone marrow, Depends on the

262 Stem Cell Cryopreservation Blood bag with
Haematology Peripheral Blood Stem volume of the
ACD
Cell (PBSC), Cord Blood harvest.
Depend on the
263 Stem Cell Donor Lymphocyte Haematology
Blood bag with
Donor Lymphocyte volume of the
Cryopreservation ACD
harvest
Depend on the
264 Stem Cell Donor Lymphocyte Infusion Haematology Freezing bag Donor Lymphocyte volume
(DLI)
cryopreserved
Depend on the
265 Stem Cell Plasma Depletion Blood bag with
Haematology PBSC, Bone Marrow volume of the
ACD
harvest
Depend on the
266 Stem Cell Red Cell Depletion Blood bag with
Haematology Bone Marrow volume of the
ACD
harvest
267 Sterile body fluid C&S (excluding CSF, Microbiology Sterile container Aspirated fluid 5ml
urine and blood)
268 Sterility testing Milk, TPN fluid,

Microbiology Sterile container 5 ml
Disinfectant
269 Stool culture & sensitivity Microbiology Sterile container Stool 3 ml
270 Stool for Clostridium difficile culture Microbiology Sterile container Stool 3 ml
271 Stool for Clostridium difficile toxin Microbiology Sterile container Stool 3 ml
272 Stool for Isospora Microbiology Sterile container Stool Not applicable
273 Stool for Rotavirus Microbiology Sterile Container Stool Not applicable
274 Stool ova and cyst Microbiology Sterile container Stool 3 ml

275 Stool Vibrio cholera Alkaline Peptone

Microbiology Stool Not applicable
Water
276 Streptococcal Pneumoniae Microbiology Sterile Container Urine 5 ml

Antigen detection (SPA)
277 Sweat Test Paediatric Lab Not applicable sweat Not applicable
278 Tacrolimus Clinical Toxicology

Lab
279 Testosterone Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
280 Theophylline Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
281 Throat swab culture & Microbiology

Amies Transport
Swab Not applicable
sensitivity media
282 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Chemical Pathology Blood

Plain tube 3 ml
283 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)- Paediatric Lab Plain tube 3 ml

Cord Blood Cord Blood
284 Thyroxine , Free (FT4) Paediatric Lab Plain tube Blood 3.5 ml
285 Thyroxine , Free (FT4) Chemical Pathology

286 Thyroglobulin Chemical Pathology Plain Tube Blood 3ml
287 Tissue culture & sensitivity Microbiology Sterile container Blood Not applicable
288 Tissue for Helicobacter pylori culture & Microbiology Sterile container Tissue Not applicable
sensitivity
289 Toxoplasma - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
290 Toxoplasma - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
291 Transferrin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
292 Treponema Pallidum Particle Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

Agglutination (TPPA)
293 Triglycerides Core Lab

Heparinised tube Blood 4 ml
SCACC Lab
Heparinised tube/
294 Troponin T high sensitive Core Lab Plain tube (either Blood 2 ml
one only)
295 Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity Chemical Pathology

Plain tube /
Blood 3 ml
(UIBC) Heparinised tube
Core Lab 4 ml
296 Urea Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
297 Urea, urine Core Lab Random Urine/
Core Lab 4 ml
298 Uric Acid Paediatric Lab Heparinised tube Blood
299 Uric Acid, urine Core Lab Random Urine/
Core Lab
300 Urine Biochemistry & Microscopic Paediatric Lab
Urine Container Urine 4ml
examination SCACC Lab
Maternity Lab
301 Urine Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) Microbiology Sterile container Urine 5 ml
302 Urine Hemosiderin Universal

Haematology Urine 5 ml
container
Core Lab
303 Urine Pregnancy Test Paediatric Lab Fresh morning urine
Urine Container 2 ml
SCACC Lab (preferred)
Maternity Lab
304 Valproic acid Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
305 Vancomycin Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

Blood 3 ml
Lab (Red cap)
306 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) - IgG Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
ELISA
307 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) - IgM Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
ELISA
308 Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) DNA PCR Microbiology Plain tube CSF / *Blood
0.5 ml /
(Qualitative) 5 ml
309 Veneral Disease Research Lab Microbiology Sterile container CSF 3 ml

cerebrospinal fluid (VDRL)
310 Vitamin B12 Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml
311 Amphetamine Type Stimulants
312 Amphetamine
313 Methamphetamine
314 Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
315 3,4 Methylenedioxy

methamphetamine (MDMA)
316 d-Amphetamine Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 31 ml
317 Ephedrine
318 Phentermine
319 3,4 Methylenedioxyethyl amphetamine

(MDEA)**
320 1,3 Benzodioxolyl- N-

methylbutanamine (MBDB)**
321 Benzodiazepines
322 Alprazolam*
323 Diazepam* Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 30ml
324 Midazolam*
325 Lorazepam*
326 Nitrazepam*
Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 30ml

327 Nimetazepam*
328 Nordiazepam*
329 Oxazepam*
330 Temazepam*
331 Cannabinoids (THC)
332 Delta-9-THC-COOH Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
333 Cocaine*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
334 Babiturates
335 Phenobarbital***
336 Secobarbital***
337 Ketamine
338 Ketamine
339 Norketamine
340 Cathinones (Khat)

341 Cathinones (Khat)*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
342 Opiods
343 Morphine
344 Codiene
345 Methadone
346 6-Acetylmorphine (6-AM)* Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
347 Buprenorphine***
348 Dextromethorphan*
349 Fentanyl*
350 Hydrocodone**
351 Hydromorphone**
352 Meperidine* (Pethidine)

353 Oxycodone*
354 Oxymorphone**
355 Tramadol*
356 Synthetic Cannabinoids
357 HU-210***
358 JWH-018*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 30ml
359 JWH-073***
360 Synthetic Cathinones
361 Mephedrone***
362 4-Methyloephedrine HCl*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 30ml
363 3,4- Methylene dioxypyrovalerone

(MDPV) ***
364 Methaqualone
365 Methaqualone*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
366 Mitragynine (Ketom)
367 Mitragynine*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
368
369 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
370 Phencyclidine
371 Phencyclidine*** Drug Lab Urine Container Urine 20ml
Test Panels with asterisk mark as below:
(*) will be offered starting April 2016
(**) will be offered starting September 2016
(***) will be offered starting February 2017

OLOGY DEPARTMENT
ABETICAL ORDER)
SCHEDULE TAT (Min/Hr/Day) LOCATION REMARK
Daily 1 hour Pre-analytical Available 24 hrs, TDM form
90 - 120 mins
Pre-analytical
Daily (Routine)
Paediatric Lab
60 mins (STAT)
Sample should be send

immediately in ice bath if not
Once a week 5 working days Pre-analytical
possible ,separate plasma &
frozen
Medical ward, 8A,GICU &

Daily 1 working day Pre-analytical
HDW
By appointment 3 days Microbiology lab Done by lab staff
2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical
2 days (SCACC- SCACC Lab for routine test
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
4 hours (SCACC- SCACC Lab
STAT)
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Daily 7 days Pre-analytical
Mon-Fri 2 working days Pre-analytical PER-PAT 301 form
Weekdays Office
hours
Saturday: 8:30 am - 18 hrs (working
Pre-analytical TDM form
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Pre-analytical
Sample should be sent
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Paediatric Lab
immediately in ice bath
2-3 hours (Routine)

Daily Pre-analytical
45-60 mins (STAT)
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical
Daily 1-2 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice
Daily 5-14 days Pre-analytical
Initial screening with ANCA IF

Once a week 7 days Pre-analytical test followed by specific
ELISA if positive
Indicated if SLE clincally

suspected. A reflex test for
Once a week 7 days Pre-analytical
positive ANA with
homogenous pattern.
Once a week 7 days Pre-analytical to consult Microbiology Lab
Mon, Wed, Fri 3 days Pre-analytical
Tue,Wed 7 days Pre-analytical
Wed,Thurs 3 days Pre-analytical
2x / months 14 days Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
2-3 hours (Routine)
Daily Paediatric Lab
45-60 mins (STAT)
Daily Office
Weekdays 1 day Microbiology lab
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Pre-analytical
2-3 hours (Routine) Avoid from light source
45-60 mins (STAT)
Avoid from light source /

Pre-analytical
2-3 hours (Routine) SCACC Lab for routine test
45-60 mins (STAT) only
Once a week 7 working days Pre-analytical Packed with ice
Request blood culture bottle

from Micro Lab
Request blood culture bottle

from Micro Lab
Daily 1 day Pre-analytical
Request blood fungal culture

bottle from Micro Lab
Pre-analytical
Sample should be sent
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Paediatric Lab
immediately in ice bath
SCACC Lab
Haematology Lab Call ext. 6549 to set

Daily by apptm 7 working days
Counter appoinment
Haematology Lab Call ext. 6549 to set

Daily by apptm 20 working days
Counter appooinment
Pre-analytical
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Paediatric Lab Send immediately
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Daily 1 day (Routine)
Paediatric Lab
(Office hour) 45-60 mins (STAT)
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Rejection criteria :
i) Inadequate urine collection
(Adult >500 ml; children
samples < 750 ml will be
3 times/ week 20 working days pre-analytical treated as random urine
samples)
ii) Urine pH > 5
iii)can only be requested by
specialist
Send immediately in room

temperature (20-24 oC). Avoid
Haematology Lab direct contact with ice.
Office hour 7 working days
Counter Specimens kept more than 48
hours are not suitable for
analysis.
Daily 3 - 5 days Microbiology lab
Mon, Thurs 7 days Pre-analytical
2-3 hours(Routine)
2 days (SCACC-
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
2 days (SCACC- Pre-analytical SCACC Lab for routine test
Daily Routine) SCACC Lab only
4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
Daily 1 working day Pre-analytical
Once a week 5 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice
Twice a week 3 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice
Monday
10 working days Pre-analytical PER-PAT 301 form
Wednesday 10 working days Pre-analytical PER-PAT 301 form

Daily 3-14 days Microbiology lab
Daily 3 working days Pre-analytical
Rejection Criteria :24 hours

Once a week 5 working days Pre-analytical urine collection with volume <
500 ml
Pre-analytical
2-3 hours (Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical Send immediately
2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
2 days (SCACC- Pre-analytical
Daily Routine) SCACC Lab
4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
1 day (Routine)
4 hours (STAT)
1 day (Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Call ext 6697 to set

appointment. Avoid meal 4
Haematology Lab
By appointment 5 working days hours before blood taking.
Counter
Sample collection in
Haematology Lab.
Haematology Lab
Daily by appointment 24 hours Send immediately
Counter
Daily 1 day Microbiology lab
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Urgent: 5 working
Daily Cytology
days
Urgent: 5 working
Daily Cytology
days
By appointment:
1. Tuesday (Breast
cases) - Appointment
given by Cytology Lab Urgent: 5 working
Cytology
days
2. Thursday (non-
breast cases)-
Appointment given by
Cytology Lab
Urgent: 5 working
Daily Cytology
days
Urgent: 5 working
Daily Cytology Slide mailer
days
Daily 30 working days Cytology Slide mailer
Daily 30 working days Cytology

Send immediately. Please

state time of collection.
Haematology Lab
Office hour 3 working days Sample need to be processed
Counter
within 2-4 hours of sample
collection.
90 - 120 mins
Pre-analytical
Daily (Routine)
Paediatric Lab
60 mins (STAT)
Daily 1 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice
By appointment 1 hour Virology lab Room temp. or in ice
-Packed with ice

By appointment 14 working days Pre-analytical
-Outsourced to IMR

Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
90 - 120 mins
Pre-analytical
Daily (Routine) Send immediately
Paediatric Lab
60 mins (STAT)
Twice a week 3 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice

-Packed with ice

By appointment 14 working days Pre-analytical
-Outsourced to IMR
2-3 hours (Routine) Pre-analytical

Daily
45-60 mins (STAT) Paediatric Lab
Blood taking at Day 2 to Day 5

menses
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
18 hrs (working
Tuesday & Friday Pre-analytical TDM form
days)
Require discussion with

Paediatric Lab
Within Office Hour 3 days Pathologist prior to sending
(Ext:5598)

Paediatric Lab
(Ext:5598)

Paediatric Lab
(Ext:5598)
90 - 120 mins
Pre-analytical
Daily (Routine)
Paediatric Lab
60 mins (STAT)
2-3 hours(Routine)
2 days (SCACC-
Routine)
Daily 4 hours (SCACC-
Paediatric Lab
STAT) SCACC Lab
30 mins (Maternity- Maternity Lab
STAT)
Send to the laboratory as

Haematology Lab
Office hour 10 working days soon as possible (within 4
Counter
hours of sample collection).
Please refer Guidelines for

Urgent FBP (Appendix 1). Call
Haematology Lab
Office hour 3 working days M.O. in charge at ext. 6374 or
Counter
M.O on call (after office hour)
to request.
Sample should be send

Paediatric Lab
By Batch 7 working days immediately from Monday -
Wednesday
Paediatric Lab
Daily 24 hours

Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Daily 1 day
SCACC
Pre-analytical
Send to the laboratory as

Haematology Lab
Office hour 10 working days soon as possible (within 4
Counter
hours of sample collection).
Rejection criteria : Request

Daily 3 working days Pre-analytical less than 3 months(12 weeks)
from previous result.
Detail history on Index Case

Haematology Lab
Office hour 20 working days must be provided for family
Counter
screening.
Haematology Lab Please write appropriate

By appointment 5 working days
Counter indication on request form.
Daily 3 working days Pre-analytical Packed with ice
3 times/week 2 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice

2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
Haematology Lab Please call 6697 for

Counter appointment.
Glass slide to be sent in slide

mailer
Histopathology Lab
Daily 1 week
conter
Request form :
PER-PAT 301
Transport: In ice/Dry ice

(within 4 - 6 hours) if cannot
Daily / by Histopathology Lab send immediately
2 months
appointment conter
Request form :
PER-PAT 301
Histopathology Lab Send fresh tissue immediately

Daily 1 week
conter to the laboratory
Send fresh tissue

(Immediately to the
laboratory)
Daily / by 45 minutes for 1 Histopathology Lab
Frozen section request form
appointment specimen conter
(HKL/JP/HI/AK05-02 form)
Appointment is required 1 day

before (Please call ext 6851)

mailer
Histopathology Lab
Daily 1 week
conter
Request form :
PER-PAT 301
Send fresh tissue (moist with

saline) immediately to the
laboratory
Histopathology Lab Transport: In phosphate buffer

Daily 1 week
conter packed in ice/dry ice if cannot
send immediately
Request form :
PER-PAT 301

mailer
Histopathology Lab
Daily 1 week
conter
Request form :
PER-PAT 301
Specimen container sealed in

biohazard plastic bag
Request form :
Biopsy : 1 week
Histopathology Lab PER-PAT 301
Daily
conter
Others : 1 month
Volume of formalin should be
10x the volume of specimen

By appointment 7 working days Pre-analytical packed with ice
Daily 3 working days Pre-analytical Packed with ice
*Blood: only for

immunocompromised patient
once a week 7 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice
twice a week 3 working days Pre-analytical Room temp. or in ice

Twice a week 3 working days Pre-analytical Packed with ice
90 - 120 mins Pre-analytical

Daily (Routine) Paediatric Lab Send immediately
60 mins (STAT)
Twice a week 5 working days Pre-analytical

Please call 6697 for

By appointment 3 working days Haematology
appointment.
Core Lab sample should be sent

Daily 45-60 mins (STAT)
Paediatric Lab immediately in ice bath

Daily
24 hours (Routine)
Core Lab sample should be sent
Daily 45 mins
Paediatric Lab immediately in ice packed
(STAT)

appointment. Send the
Haematology Lab sample to laboratory as soon
Counter as possible. EDTA sample
need to be processed within
30 minutes of blood collection.
Tue, Fri 3 days Pre-analytical


36 hours (urgent temperature (20-24 oC). Avoid
verbal report). Haematology Lab direct contact with ice.
Office hour
Formal report 10 Counter Specimens kept more than 48
working days. hours are not suitable for
analysis.
2-3 hours (Routine)

45-60 mins (STAT)
Blood taking at Day 2 to Day 5

menses
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
-Room temp. or in ice

once a week 14 working days Pre-analytical
-Outsourced to MKAK
once a week 14 working days Pre-analytical
-Outsourced to MKAK
Daily 1 working days Virology lab Packed with ice

Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment

Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical Require discussion with

Within Office Hour 1 day Paediatric Lab Pathologist prior to sending
(Ext:5598)

Please contact ext 5746/5748

for more information. Must
include Hb Analysis report and
Haematology Lab
Office hour 60 working days recent Full Blood Count result.
Counter
Detail history on Index Case
must be provided for family
screening.
Please clearly label donor and

recipient's identity. Pre-sample
Haematology Lab must be sent before
Counter chemotheraphy iniated.
Please contact ext 5746/5748
for more information.
Sample need to be processed

Molecular
Office hour 14 working days within 24 hours after blood
Haematology
collection.
Molecular Please contact ext 5746/5748

Haematology for more information.

-Outsourced to MKAK
-Outsourced to MKAK
M-F Lytic Blood Culture

Bottle- request from
Microbiology lab before
Daily 6 weeks Pre-analytical
collection. Indicated for
disseminated tuberculous
infection
18 hrs (working
Every Thursday Pre-analytical TDM form
days)
Mon,Wed,Fri 3 days Pre-analytical
daily 2-3 days Pre-analytical

Daily
2-3 hours (Routine)

45-60 mins (STAT)
2-3 hours (Routine)

45-60 mins (STAT)

appointment. Send to the
laboratory before 9.00 am.
Test must be performed within
Haematology Lab
By appointment 3 working days 2 hours after blood collection
Counter
if samples are kept at room
temperature; or within 6 hours
if samples are kept at 20-60
0
C
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical Available 24 hrs, TDM form
Before specimen collection to

Daily 7 days Pre-analytical request Bordet-Gengou Agar-
from Microbiology lab
2-3 hours (Routine) Core Lab

Daily
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Daily 1 day (Routine) Core Lab

(Office hour) 45-60 mins (STAT) Paediatric Lab
once a week 7 days Pre-analytical


Haematology Lab
Office hour 10 working days temperature (20-24°C). Avoid
Counter
direct contact with ice.
2-3 hours(Routine)
2 days (SCACC-
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Daily
(Office hour)
Blood taking at Day 21 of

menses
Blood and urine sample must

be sent together.
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Pre-analytical
90 - 120 mins Pre-analytical

Daily (Routine) Paediatric Lab
60 mins (STAT)
For inquiry / to request tube

Paediatric Lab
By Batch By Batch with 4ml 8% of perchloric Acid
Solution call ext: 6902
Syphilis screening test and

Daily 2 days Pre-analytical treatment monitoring for
confirmed cases
Special media -request from

Screening
2-3 days Pre-analytical Microbiology lab before
Staff/Outbreak Cases
collection
Daily 4 hours Paediatric Lab

-Initial Screening for all
Daily 3 working days Pre-analytical respiratory virus, if positive
then specific respiratory virus
will be determined
Pre-analytical
2-3 hours (Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Tue,Thurs 3 days Pre-analytical

Available 24 hrs, PER-PAT

Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical
form/ TDM form
1 day (Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Please call ext 6697 Haematology Lab Please call 6697 for
3 working days
for appointment. Counter appointment.
18 hrs (working
Every Tuesday Pre-analytical TDM form
days)
2-3 hours(Routine)
2 days (SCACC-
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Please call ext 6697 for

By appointment (To 24 hours (verbal). appointment. Send
Haematology Lab
notify lab 2 weeks Formal report 10 immediately in room
Counter
before procedure). working days. temperature (20-24 oC). Avoid

By appointment (To appointment. Send
Haematology Lab
notify lab 2 weeks 24 hours immediately in room
Counter
before procedure). temperature (20-24 oC). Avoid

Haematology Lab
Counter
By appointment (To
notify lab 2 weeks 30 minutes -
appointment.
before procedure).

Haematology Lab
Counter

Haematology Lab
Counter

Daily 3 - 5 days Pre-analytical
Patient must be reviewed by

Paediatric Lab Paediatric Chest Specialist.
by appoinment 24 hours
Call ext. 6902 to set
appooinment
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment


24 hours (Peads)
Daily 24 hours Paediatric Lab
Daily 3 working days Pre analytical
Once a week 10 working days Pre analytical
Once a week 5 days Pre-analytical PER-PAT 301 form
Daily 3 days Pre-analytical Syphilis confirmatory test

2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
Daily 45-60 mins (STAT) Pre-analytical Send immediately
2-3 hours(Routine)
2 days (SCACC-
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab -
2-3 hours(Routine)
Daily Routine)
Paediatric Lab
only
STAT)
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Routine) Paediatric Lab
Daily 4 hours (SCACC- SCACC Lab
STAT) Maternity Lab
45 mins(Maternity-
STAT)
Daily 3 days Pre-analytical Send in ice
Haematology Lab Send sample immediately

Counter after collection.
2-3 hours(Routine)
45-60 mins (STAT)
Routine) Paediatric Lab
Daily 4 hours (SCACC- SCACC Lab
STAT) Maternity Lab
30 mins (Maternity-
STAT)
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
Weekdays Office
hours
1:30 pm days)
Sunday & PH:
Appointment
*Blood :only for

immunocompromised patient
Indicated if past history of

Daily 7 days Pre-analytical syphilis (serum TPPA
positive)

Unit Pengesanan
UPD (Pindaan 1) form / PER-
Daily 14-30 days Dadah, Wisma
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu / Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu / Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
UPD (Pindaan 1) form/ PER-
Daily 5 - 10 days Dadah, Wisma
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
5 - 10 days Dadah, Wisma
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Daily
Unit Pengesanan
14 - 30 days Dadah, Wisma
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu / Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu / Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
Daily 30 days Dadah, Wisma
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu / Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
Unit Pengesanan
PAT 301 form
Kayu /Drug Lab
GROUP TESTS
Sample
No. Group of Tests Location Container Volume Schedule
Type
1 Fasting Serum Lipid (FSL)
i) Cholesterol
2-3 hours(Routine)
ii) HDL Cholesterol 45-60 mins (STAT)
Core Lab 2 days (SCACC-
Heparinised Tube Blood 4 ml Daily
Lab SCACC Routine)
iii) LDL Cholesterol 4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
iv) Triglycerides
v) HDL/ T. Cholesterol Ration
2 Liver Function Test
i) Total Protein
2-3 hours(Routine)
ii) Albumin Core Lab 45-60 mins (STAT)
Paediatric Lab 2 days (SCACC-
Heparinised Tube Blood 4 ml Daily
Routine)
iii) Total Bilirubin SCACC Lab 4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
iv) Alkaline Phosphatase
v) Alanine Transaminase
3 SERUM BILIRUBIN (SB)
i) Total Bilirubin Core Lab 2-3 hours (Routine)

Heparinised tube Blood 4 ml Daily
Paediatric Lab 45-60 mins (STAT)
ii) Direct Bilirubin
iii) Indirect Bilirubin
4 Blood Gas (ABG/VBG)
i) Blood pH
ii) CO2 pressure
iii) O2 pressure Core Lab

Heparinised
Paediatric Lab Blood 2 ml Daily 45-60 mins (STAT)
Syringe
iv) Bicarbonate SCACC Lab
v) Total CO2
vi) Base Excess
vi) O2 saturation
6 COAGULATION TEST
i) Prothrombin Time (PT)
1.8 ml
(Paeds)
Core Lab 90 mins (Routine)
Sodium Citrate Blood Daily
Paediatric Lab 60 mins (STAT)
2.7ml
ii) INR
1.8 ml
(Paeds)
iii) Activated Partial Thrombin Time Core Lab 90 mins (Routine)
Sodium Citrate Blood Daily
(APTT) Paediatric Lab 60 mins (STAT)
2.7ml
(Adults)
iv) APTT Ratio
v) Fibrinogen
vi) D-Dimer
5 ml /
Random Daily
Core Lab Urine Container 24 hrs 1 day (Routine)
7 Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio Urine/ (Office
Paediatric Lab Urine 45-60 mins (STAT)
24 hrs urine hour)
Collectio
i) Protein, Urine
ii) Creatinine, Urine
8 CSF Biochemistry
i) Glucose
Core Lab Fluoride Oxalate

CSF 1 ml Daily 45-60 mins (STAT)
Paediatric Lab tube
Core Lab Fluoride Oxalate
ii) Total Protein CSF 1 ml Daily 45-60 mins (STAT)
Paediatric Lab tube
iii) Chloride
iv) Appearance
9 Renal Profile
i) Urea
2-3 hours(Routine)
ii) Creatinine Core Lab 4 ml 45-60 mins (STAT)
Paediatric Lab 2 days (SCACC-
Heparinised tube Blood Daily
500ul Routine)
iii) Chloride Lab SCACC (Peads) 4 hours (SCACC-
STAT)
iv) Potassium
v)Sodium
24 hrs urine
10 Urine 24 hrs urine
container
50 ml sterile Urine
5 ml
container (Random)
Plain container Urine 10 ml

Paraproteins / Protein
Chemical Pathology Weekly 10 working days
electrophoresis
Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml
Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

Chemical Pathology Weekly 10 working days
electrophoresis
24 hours urine
container or 50ml Urine 5 ml
sterile container

i) Glucose
11 ii) Total Protein Core Lab Plain container Body Fluids 2 ml Daily 45-60 mins (STAT)
iii) Lactate Dehydrogenase
iv) pH
Thyroid Function Test

i) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
12 Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml Daily 3 working days
(TSH) ii)
Thyroxine , Free (FT4)
Fertility Test
i) Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) ii) Luteinising Hormone (LH)
13 iii) Estradiol (Oestradiol/E2) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml Daily 5 working days
iv) Progesterone
v) Prolactin
vi) Testosterone
Serum-Ascitic Albumin Gradient

4 ml
(SAAG) Plain tube / Serum & 1 day (Routine)
14 Core Lab Blood & 2 Daily
i) Serum/Plasma Creatinine Heparinised tube Fluid 45-60 mins (STAT)
ml fluid
ii) Fluid Creatinine
4 ml
Creatinine clearance 24 hrs urine (blood) &
Blood & 1 day (Routine)
15 i) Serum/Plasma creatinine Core Lab container & 24 hrs Daily
Urine 45-60 mins (STAT)
ii) Urine creatinine Heparinised tube Urine
collection
First
morning
urine
(preferred).
Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio Random
16 i) Urine albumin Core Lab Urine Container urine is 5 ml
ii) Urine Creatinine acceptable
if a first-
morning
urine is not
available
Received Counter Remark
Patients are required

Pre-analytical to fast for at least 4
SCACC hours prior to blood
collection
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
SCACC
Pre-analytical Avoid from light
Paediatric Lab source
Pre-analytical Sample should be

Paediatric Lab sent immediately in
SCACC ice bath
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab Send immediately
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Paediatric Lab
SCACC
Blood and urine

Pre-analytical sample must be sent
together.
Pre-analytical sample must be sent
together.
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
Pre-analytical
REFERENCE RANGE FOR ROUTINE BIOCHEMISTRY AND ROUTINE HEMATOLO
NO ANALYTE AGE
BIOCHEMISTRY
Therapeutic Range :
66-199 µmol/L
1 Acetaminophen Adults
Toxic: > 1324 µmol/L (At 4 hours)
> 662 µmol/L (At 8 hours)
> 331 µmol/L (At 12 hours)
Alanine Aminotransference Female up to 33 U/L

2
(ALT)
Male up to 41 U/L
3 Albumin Adults 35-52 g/L
Female 35-105 U/L

4 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Male 40-130 U/L
Female 11-51 µmol/L
5 Ammonia
Male 16-60 µmol/L
6 Amylase Adults 28 – 100 U/L
7 Asparate Transaminase (AST) Adults Up to 32 U/L
Arterial Blood Gas
Blood pH 7.350 – 7.450
Partial Pressure of CO2 4.67-6.00 kPa
Partial Pressure of O2 10.67-13.33 kPa

8
Actual Bicarbonate Adults 21.0-25.0 mmol/L
Total CO2 22.0-26.0 mmol/L
Base excess -3.0-3.0 mmol/L
O2 saturation 95.0-98 %
2.15 - 2.50 mmol/L
Adults (18-60years)
2.20 - 2.55 mmol/L

9 Calcium Adults (60-90years)
Adults (>90years) 2.05- 2.40 mmol/L
10 Chloride Adults 98-107 mmol/L
<2.88 ng/ml
Female
11 CKMB
Male <4.94 ng/ml
Female <170 U/L

12 Creatine Kinase ( CK )
Male <190 U/L
Female 44 - 80 umol/L
13 Creatinine
Male 62- 106 umol/L
14 Direct Bilirubin Adults < 5 umol/L
>18 yr 3.0 – 6.1 mmol/L

15 Glucose (Fasting)
<18 yr 4.0 – 5.6 mmol/L
>18 yr 3.0 – 7.8 mmol/L

16 Glucose (2HPP)
<18 yr 4.0 – 7.8 mmol/L
<3d 1.5 – 6.2 mmol/L
<1 yr 1.8 – 6.2 mmol/L

17 Glucose (Random)
< 3 yr 2.9 – 5.4 mmol/L
>3 yr 3.0 – 11.1 mmol/L
Optimal Level : >1.6 mmol/L
18 HDL- Cholesterol Adults Border Line : 1.0 – 1.6 mmol/L
High Level: < 1.0 mmol/L
Optimal Level : < 2.6 mmol/L
19 LDL- Cholesterol Adults Border Line : 2.6 – 4.9 mmol/L
High Level > 4.9 mmol/L

20 Lithium Adults 0.6 – 1.2 mmol/L
21 Lactate Adults 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/L
22 Lactate Dehydrogenase Adults up to 250 U/L
Adults (18-60years) 0.66 -1.07mmol/L
23 Magnesium Adults (60-90years) 0.66 - 0.99 mmol/L
Adults (>90years) 0.70 - 0.95 mmol/L
24 Osmolality (Serum) Adults 275-295 mOsm/kg
Female (16-18y) 0.80 - 1.55 mmol/L
25 Phosphate Male (16-18y) 0.85 - 1.60 mmol/L
Adults (18-60years) 0.81 -1.45mmol/L
26 Potassium Adults 3.4 - 4.5 mmol/L
Therapeutic Range :
27 Salicylate Adults 1.09 – 2.17 mmol/L
Toxic: > 2.2 mmol/L
Gradient:
Serum Albumin Ascites
28 Adults
Gradient > 11 g/L Transudate
< 11 g/L Exudate
29 Sodium Adults 136-145 mmol/L

1 day 2-85 µmol/L
30 Total Bilirubin 2 day 2-135 µmol/L

3 day 2-170 µmol/L
4-14 day 2-200 µmol/L
> 1 month <17 µmol/L
Female up to 15 umol/L
Male up to 24 umol/L
31 Total Protein Adults 64 - 83 g/L
32 Total Cholesterol Adults Border Line : 5.2 – 6.2 mmol/L
High Level : > 6.2 mmol/L
33 Triglycerides Adults Border Line : 1.7 – 2.3 mmol/L
High Level : > 2.3 mmol/L
34 Troponin T high sensitive Adults < 15 ng/L
35 Urea Adults 2.76-8.07 mmol/L
Female 143-339 umol/L

36 Uric Acid
Male 202-417 umol/L
NO ANALYTE AGE REFERENCE RANGE
HEMATOLOGY
FULL BLOOD COUNT
0 day 10.0 - 26.0 x109 /L
3-6 m 6.0 - 18.0 x109 /L
1y 6.0 - 16.0 x109 /L

2y-6y 5.0 - 15.0 x109 /L
Total White Blood Cell Count
37 6-12 y 5.0 - 13.0 x109 /L
(WBC)
Adult 4.0 - 10.0 x109 /L
Total White Blood Cell Count
37 (WBC)
0 day 5.00 – 7.00 x1012 / L
3-6 m 4.10 - 5.30 x1012 / L
1y 3.90 – 5.10 x1012 / L
38 Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) 2y-6y 4.00 – 5.20 x1012 / L
6-12 y 4.00 – 5.20 x1012 / L
Male 4.50 – 5.50 x1012 / L

Female 3.80 – 4.80 x1012 / L
0 day 14.0 - 22.0 g/dL

3-6 m 11.1 - 14.1 g/dL
1y 11.1 - 14.1 g/dL

39 Haemoglobin (Hb)
2y-6y 11.0 - 14.0 g/dL
6-12 y 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL
Male 13.0 - 17.0 g/dL
Female 12.0 – 15.0 g/dL
0 day 0.45 – 0.75 L/L

3-6 m 0.30 – 0.40 L/L
1y 0.30 – 0.38 L/L
40 Haematocrit (HCT) 2y-6y 0.34 – 0.40 L/ L
7-12 y 0.35 – 0.45 L/ L
Male 0.40 – 0.50 L/ L
Female 0.36 – 0.46 L/ L
0 day 100 – 450 x109 /L
3-6 m 200 – 550 x109 /L
1y 200 – 550 x109 /L
41 Platelet Count
2y-6y 200 – 490 x109 /L
6-12 y 170 - 450 x109 /L
Adult 150 – 410 x109 /L
0 day 31 – 37 pg
3-6 m 24 – 30 pg
1y 25 – 29 pg
42 MCH
2y-6y 24 – 30 pg
6-12 y 25 – 33 pg
42 MCH
Adult 27 – 32 pg
0 day 100 – 120 fL
3-6 m 68 – 84 fL
1y 72 – 84 fL
43 MCV 2y-6y 75 – 87 fL
6-12 y 77 – 95 fL
Adult 83 – 101 fL
0 day 30.0 – 36.0 g/dL
3-6 m 30.0 – 36.0 g/dL
1y 32.0 – 36.0 g/dL
44 MCHC 2y-6y 31.0 -37.0 g/dL
6-12 y 31.0 – 37.0 g/dL
Adult 31.5 – 34.5 g/dL
Red Cell Distribution Width

45 Adult 11.6 – 14.0 %
(RDW-CV)
Male 9.3 – 12.1 fL

46 MPV
Female 9.1 – 11.9 fL
0 day 1.2 – 4.0 %

3-6 m 0.4 – 1.0 %
1y 0.3 – 1.0 %
47 Retic %
2y-6y 0.3 – 1.0 %
6-12 y 0.3 – 1.0 %
Adult 0.5 – 2.5 %
0 day 0.060 – 0.28 x 106/uL
48 Retic # 3-6 m 0.016 – 0.053 x 106/uL
1y 0.012 – 0.052 x 106/uL
ANALYTE Age REFERENCE RANGE &
Method: Fluores
Flowcytometr
Absolute # ( 10
Neut #
0 day 4.0 -14.0
3-6 m 1.0 – 6.0
1y 1.0 – 7.0
49 Differential White Cell Count
(Diff) 2y-6y 1.5 – 8.0
6-12y 2.0 – 8.0
Adult 2.0 – 7.0
Percentage %
Neut %
Adult 40 - 80
COAGULATION
ANALYTE AGE REFERENCE RANGE
Coagulation Parameters
Prothrombin time ( PT ) 9.3 - 11.7 sec
International normalized
50 ratio (INR) Adult
Partial thromboplastin time 25.9 – 37.5 sec
(APTT)
Fibrinogen 189 – 397 mg /dL
D-Dimer Cut off: < 0.50 µg/mL FEU
Mixing Test
*APTT Mixing Test
Rosner Index Immediate 2H
Mixing
51 RosnerInder 2H Mixing
*PT Mixing Test Adult Interpretative Report
Rosner Index Immediate 2H
Mixing
Rosner Inder 2H Mixing
DIVC Screening
Prothrombin time ( PT ) 9.3 - 11.7 sec
International normalized
ratio (INR)
Partial thromboplastin time 25.9 – 37.5 sec
(APTT)
52 Fibrinogen 189 – 397 mg /dL
Adults
D-Dimer Cut off: < 0.50 µg/mL FEU
Refer to age-specific reference

Platelet Count range
Haemoglobin Refer to age-specific reference

range
53 ESR Healthy 0 – 20 mm/h
CSF/URINE/FEACES/BODY FLUID TESTS

Random Urine:
Female : 21-447 U/L
54 Amylase Urine Adults
Male : 16-491 U/L
24hr Urine:
55 Calcium Urine Adults
55 Calcium Urine Adults
2.5 – 7.5 mmol/24hr
1st morning Urine :
56 Chloride urine Adults 46 - 168 mmol/L
24hr Urine :
110-250 mmol/24h
1st morning Urine :
Female : 2.47 – 19.2 mmol/L
Male : 3.45-22.9 mmol/L
57 Creatinine urine Adults
24 hr Urine :
Female : 7.0 – 14.0 mmol/24hr
Male : 9.0 – 21.0 mmol/24hr
58 Creatinine Clearance Adults 71-151 mL/min
Random urine:
59 Glucose, Urine Adults
24hr Urine:
60 Magnesium urine Adults 24hr Urine: 3.0 – 5.0 mmol/24hr
61 Albumin Urine Adults 24hr Urine : <30 mg/24hr
Female Normal < 3.5 mg/mmol
Male Normal < 2.5 mg/mmol

Albumin Creatinine Ratio
62 Female
(Urine)
Trace protein (Microalbuminuria)
Male
Adults Overt Proteinuria (Macroalbuminuria)
63 Stool Occult Blood Adults Negative
64 Osmolality (Urine) Adults 300-900 mOsm/kg
65 pH Adults 4.5-7.5
1st morning Urine : 13-44 mmol/L

66 Phosphate inorganic Adults
66 Phosphate inorganic Adults 24hr Urine : 13-42 mmol/24hr
1st morning Urine :

20 – 80 mmol/L
67 Potassium Urine Adults
24hr Urine : 25-125 mmol/24hr
Random Urine : <0.15 g/L
24hr Urine :
68 Protein Urine Adults
Normal
Trace Protein
Overt Proteinuria
Normal: <0.02 g/mmol

Protein Creatinine Index
69 Adults
(Urine) Trace protein : 0.02 – 0.04 g/mmol
Overt Proteinuria: >0.05 g/mmol
1st morning Urine:
70 Sodium Urine Adults 54 – 190 mmo/L
1st morning Urine:
150 - 500 mmol/L
71 Urea Urine Adults

1st morning Urine:
72 Uric Acid Urine Adults 2.2-5.5 mmol/L
24hr Urine : 1.2-5.9 mmol/24hr
73 Urine Pregnancy Test Female Positive or Negative
Urine Biochemistry (Qualitative)
1. Colour Colorless ,Straw
2. Clarity Clear
3. Blood Negative
4. Bilirubin Negative
5. Urobilinogen Normal
74 6. Ketone Negative
Adult
7. Protein Negative
8. Nitrite Negative
9. Glucose Negative
10. pH ( 5.0 – 8.0)
11. Specific 1.000 – 1.030
Gravity
12. Leukocytes Negative
Urine Microscopy
75
13. Red Blood cells Adult < 13/µL
14. Leukocytes Adult < 33/µL
1. Glucose
2. Total Protein
76 Adult Reference value varies according to fluid samples and should be comp
No established range for fluid is available
3. Lactate
dehydrogenase
4. pH
CSF Biochemistry
1. Glucose 2.22-3.90 mmol/L
77 2. Total Protein Adult 0.15-0.45 g/L
3. Chloride 118 - 132 mmol/L
4. Appearance Clear
MISTRY AND ROUTINE HEMATOLOGY TESTS
METHOD PLATFORM REFERENCE
TDM Sampling Guidelines
Department of
Pathology/Pharmacy,
Enzyme Immunoassay Cobas 8000 Hospital Kuala Lumpur
technique (EMIT)
TDM Request Form
HKL/JP/CT/PK-01-06
UV without P5P Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Colorimetric Cobas 8000 Product Insert

Bromocresol Purple
PNPP, AMP Buffer Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Enzymatic Cobas 8000 Product Insert

Glutamate dehydrogenase
Enzymatic, Colorimetric Cobas 8000 Product Insert
G7 PNP, IFCC
UV without P5P Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Potentiometric electrode
Severinghouse principal
Clark Measurement principle

Roche Omni S &
Calculation Manufacturer Range
Cobas b221
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
NM – BAPTA Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Indirect ISE Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Instrument & Reagent

Sandwich priciple Supplier Handbook:
Electrochemiluminescence Cobas 8000 Reference Ranges for Adult
(ECLIA) and Children, Roche 2008
NAC Activated, IFCC Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Colorimetric, Jaffe Method

Alkaline picrate-Rate Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Blanked,compensated
Diazonium Salt Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Enzymatic, Hexokinase Cobas 8000
CPG: Management of Type

2 Diabetes Mellitus
Enzymatic,Colorimetric Cobas 8000

Direct Measure-PEG
Adult Treatment Panel

(ATP) III Guidelines
Friedewald Calculated Cobas 8000

LiApllied Clinical
Pharmacokinetics, Bauer,
Direct ISE Medica Easylite 2001; Clinical
Pharmacokinetics, Eilers,
1995;29:442-50
Lactate -Pyruvate Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Colorimetric Cobas 8000 Product Insert

Xylidyl Blue
Clinical Guidelines for

Advanced Laboratory Tests, Tietz,
Freezing Point Depression Instrument 1995; Pediatric Reference
Osmometer Ranges, Soldin, 1999
Phosphomolydate Formation Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Indirect –ISE Cobas 8000 Product Insert
TDM Sampling Guidelines
Department of
Pathology/Pharmacy,
Enzymatic Cobas 8000 Hospital Kuala Lumpur
TDM Request Form

HKL/JP/CT/PK-01-06
Urinalysis and Bodyfluid,

Colorimetric Cobas 8000 Strasinger SK, 5th Edition
Bromocresol Purple
2008
Indirect –ISE Cobas 8000 Product Insert

Guideline for
Phototheraphy and
Exchange Transfusion (ET)
in hospitalized infants of >
35 weeks gestation (for
high risk group of patient)
Diazonium Salt Handbook Paediatric for
Cobas 8000
( Jendrassik Grof) Malaysian Hospitals 3rd
Edition
Product Insert
Colorimetric , Biuret Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Enzymatic, Colorimetric Adult Treatment Panel

Cholesterol Oxidase, Cobas 8000 (ATP) III Guidelines
Esterase , Peroxidase
Adult Treatment Panel

Enzymatic, End Point Cobas 8000 (ATP) III Guidelines
Sandwich priciple Product Insert

Electrochemiluminescence Cobas 8000 99th percentile troponin
(ECLIA) cutoff value
Urease Cobas 8000 Product Insert

Uricase
Practical Haematology ,
Fluorescent Flowcytometry XE-5000 Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XN 3000
XN 1000
Hydrodynamic Focusing /
Impedance technology XE-5000
XN 3000 Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XN 1000
SLS-Method of Hb estimation XE-5000 Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XN 3000
XN 1000
XE-5000
XN 3000
XN 1000 Practical Haematology ,
RBC cumulative pulse height
detection Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XE-5000
Impedance technology and/or Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Fluorescent method XN 1000 Edition,2012
XE-5000
Derived red cell variables Dacie & Lewis, 11th
XN 1000 Edition,2012
Derived red cell variables Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XE-5000 Practical Haematology ,

Derived red cell variables XN 3000 Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Edition,2012
XN 1000
XE-5000
Edition,2012
XE-5000
XE-5000
Manufacturer reference
XN 3000
Derived variable (calculated) range
XN 1000
XE-5000 Practical Haematology

Calculated ,Dacie & Lewis, 11th
XN 1000
Fluorescent XE-5000
Practical Haematology
Flowcytometry XN 3000 ,Dacie & Lewis, 12th
Edition,2017
XN 1000
REFERENCE RANGE & METHOD PLATFORM
Method: Fluorescent
Flowcytometry
Absolute # ( 10 9 /L)
Lymph# Mono# Eo # Baso#
3.0 – 8.0 0.5 – 2.0 0.1 – 1.0 0.02 –0.10
4.0 – 12.0 0.2 – 1.2 0.1 – 1.0 0.02 –0.10 XE-5000
3.5 – 11.0 0.2 – 1.0 0.1 – 1.0 0.02 –0.10 XN 3000
6.0 – 9.0 0.2 – 1.0 0.1 – 1.0 0.02 –0.10 XN 1000
1.0 – 5.0 0.2 – 1.0 0.1 – 1.0 0.02 –0.10
1.0 – 3.0 0.2 – 1.0 0.02 – 0.5 0.02 –0.10
Percentage %
Lymph % Mono % Eo % Baso %
20 - 40 2.0 -10.0 1.0 – 6.0 < 2.0
PT, APTT and Fibrinogen:

Clotting Time Established local reference
range
Clotting Time ACL TOP CTS

550
Clotting Time D-Dimer: Manufacturer’s
Recommended Cut Off
Clauss Clotting Assay
Turbidometricimmunoassay
Practical Haematology
ACL TOP CTS ,Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Clotting Time 550 Edition,2012
Clotting Time
Clotting Time
ACL TOP CTS
Clotting Time 550
Clauss Clotting Assay Dacie & Lewis, 11th
Turbidometric Edition,2012
Immunoassay
Impedance technology
XE 5000
SLS-Method of Hb estimation
Westergren Method ESR Auto Plus ESR Auto Plus Manual
REFERENCE RANGE METHOD PLATFORM REFERENCE

Random Urine:
Female : 21-447 U/L
IFCC Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Male : 16-491 U/L
24hr Urine:
NM-BAPTA Cobas 8000 Product Insert
NM-BAPTA Cobas 8000 Product Insert
2.5 – 7.5 mmol/24hr
Reference
Ranges for
1st morning Urine : Adult and
Children, Roche
2008
46 - 168 mmol/L
Indirect ISE Cobas 8000 Product Insert
24hr Urine :
110-250 mmol/24h
1st morning Urine :
Female : 2.47 – 19.2 mmol/L
Male : 3.45-22.9 mmol/L
Kinetic Jaffe method Cobas 8000 Product Insert
24 hr Urine :
Female : 7.0 – 14.0 mmol/24hr
Male : 9.0 – 21.0 mmol/24hr
71-151 mL/min Kinetic Jaffe method Cobas 8000 Product Insert
0.06 - 0.83 mmol/L Cobas

Hexokinase Product Insert
< 2.78 mmol/L 8000
24hr Urine: 3.0 – 5.0 mmol/24hr Xylidyl Blue Cobas 8000 Product Insert
24hr Urine : <30 mg/24hr Turbidimetric Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Normal < 3.5 mg/mmol
Normal < 2.5 mg/mmol Turbidimetric method Guidelines of

≥3.5 – 30 eGFR First
Kinetic Jaffe method Cobas 8000
mg/mmol Version
protein (Microalbuminuria) October 2012
≥2.5 – 30
mg/mmol
oteinuria (Macroalbuminuria) > 30 mg/mmol
Negative Immunochemical - -
Clinical
Advanced Guidelines for
300-900 mOsm/kg Freezing Point Depression Instrument Laboratory
Osmometer Tests, Tietz,
1995
4.5-7.5 Manual (pH paper) - -
1st morning Urine : 13-44 mmol/L

Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Phosphomolybdate
24hr Urine : 13-42 mmol/24hr Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Formation
Reference
Ranges for
1st morning Urine : Adult and
Children, Roche
20 – 80 mmol/L
Indirect ISE Cobas 8000 2008
24hr Urine : 25-125 mmol/24hr Product Insert
Random Urine : <0.15 g/L

Guidelines of
24hr Urine : eGFR First
Turbidimetric method Cobas 8000
<0.15 g/24hr Version
October 2012
0.15 -0.44 g/24hr
>0.45 g/24hr
Normal: <0.02 g/mmol Guidelines of

Turbidimetric method eGFR First
Cobas 8000
Trace protein : 0.02 – 0.04 g/mmol Kinetic Jaffe method Version
October 2012
Reference
Overt Proteinuria: >0.05 g/mmol
Ranges for
1st morning Urine: Adult and
Children, Roche
54 – 190 mmo/L Cobas 8000 Product
Indirect ISE 2008Insert
24hr Urine : 40-220 mmol/24hr Reference
Ranges for
1st morning Urine: Adult and
Children, Roche
150 - 500 mmol/L
Urease-Kinetic Cobas 8000 2008
Product Insert
1st morning Urine:
2.2-5.5 mmol/L Uricase/Peroxidase Cobas 8000 Product Insert
24hr Urine : 1.2-5.9 mmol/24hr
Positive or Negative - -
Immunochromatography
Color sensor with white

Colorless ,Straw light illumination
Color sensor with white
Clear light illumination
Negative Pseudo-enzymatic test
Diazonium salt in an acidic
Negative medium
Normal Coupling reaction
Negative Legal’s Method IrisCell 2000 Manufacturer
“Protein error” of pH Automated Range
Negative indicators
Negative Modified Griess reaction
Negative Enzymatic reaction
( 5.0 – 8.0) Color change
1.000 – 1.030 Refrectometry
Negative Leukocytes enzymatic test
Fundamentals
of Urine &
< 13/µL IrisCell 2000 Bodyfluids
< 33/µL Automated Analysis
Nancy
A.Brunzel
Hexokinase
Turbidimetric
according to fluid samples and should be compared to serum. Cobas 8000
o established range for fluid is available
Pyruvate – Lactate
Manual (pH paper)
Tietz
Fundamental
2.22-3.90 mmol/L Hexokinase Clinical
Chemistry , 6th
Edition
0.15-0.45 g/L Turbidimetric Cobas 8000 Product Insert
Tietz
Fundamental
118 - 132 mmol/L Chloride (Indirect) Clinical
Chemistry , 2th
Edition
Clear
REFERENCE
Practical
Haematology ,
Dacie & Lewis,
11th
Edition,2012
Chemical Pathology
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
1 < 10.2 pmol/L
(ACTH)
2 Alpha-1-antitrypsin 0.9 – 2.0 g/L
Male 0.15 – 0.30 g/L

3 Ceruloplasmin
Female 0.16 – 0.45 g/L
Catecholamine :
24 hour urine catecholamines

>500mL :
Epinephrine 0.5 – 20 ug /24 hrs
Norepinephrine 15 – 80 ug /24 hrs
Dopamine 64- 400 ug /24 hrs
Random urine catecholamine
< 500mL:
Epinephrine <2yr < 75 ug/g creatinine
2 – 4 yr < 57 ug/g creatinine
4 10 – 19 yr < 34 ug/g creatinine
Norepinephrine <2yr < 420 ug/g creatinine
Dopamine 2yr < 3000 ug/g creatinine
Male, Children & 5320 – 12,920 U/L
≥ 40 years Female
5 Cholinesterase
16-39yr 4260 – 11,250 U/L
5 Cholinesterase (Female, not
pregnant, not taking
contraceptives)
18-41yr 3650 - 9120 U/L

(Female, not
pregnant, not taking
contraceptives)
Cortisol serum (AM) (7-9AM) 145.4 – 619.4 nmol/L
Cortisol serum (PM) (3-5 PM) 94.9 – 462.4 nmol/L

6
24 hrs Urine Cortisol 57.7 - 806.8 nmol/24 hrs
(volume ≥500 ml)
7 C-Peptide 298 – 2350 pmol/L
Male 2.20 – 15.20 umol/L

Dehydroepiandrosterone
8 Sulphate (DHEAS)
Female 0.95 – 11.70 umol/L
Estradiol Male (Adult) 41.4 - 159.0 pmol/L

*Female: Blood taking at Female (Adult):
Day 2 to Day 5 menses
Follicular phase 45.4 - 854 pmol/L
9
Ovulation phase 151 – 1461 pmol/L
Luteal Phase 81.9 – 1251 pmol/L
Post-menopausal < 18.4 – 505 pmol/L
Male
< 1yr 12 – 327 ug/L
1 – 6 yr 4 – 67 ug/L
7 – 17 yr 14 – 152 ug/L
> 17 yr 30 – 400 ug/L
10 Ferritin Female
< 1yr 12 – 327 ug/L
1 – 6 yr 4 – 67 ug/L
7 – 17 yr 7 – 84 ug/L
> 17 yr 13 – 150 ug/L
11 Folate 8.83 - 60.80 nmol/L

Follicle Stimulating Hormone Female:
(FSH)
*Female: Blood taking at Day Follicular phase 3.5 – 12.5 IU/L
2 to Day 5 menses
Ovulation phase 4.7 – 21.5 IU/L
Luteal Phase 1.7 – 7.7 IU/L
Post-menopausal 25.8 – 134.8 IU/L
Male (Adult) 1.5 – 12.4 IU/L
Boys :
12 < 5 yr 0.2 – 2.8 IU/L
6 – 10 yr 0.4 – 3.8 IU/L
11 – 13 yr 0.4 – 4.6 IU/L
14 – 17 yr 1.5 – 12.9 IU/L
Girls:
< 5 yr 0.2 – 11.1 IU/L
6 – 10 yr 0.3 – 11.1 IU/L
11 – 13 yr 2.1 – 11.1 IU/L
14 – 17 yr 1.6 – 17.0 IU/L
Adults 12.0 – 22.0 pmol/L
Children : New born 11.0 – 32.0 pmol/L
6 d – 3 month 11.5 – 28.3 pmol/L
4 – 12 month 11.9 – 25.6 pmol/L
1 – 6 yr 12.3 – 22.8 pmol/L
7 – 11 yr 12.5 – 21.5 pmol/L

13 Free Thyroxine (FT4)
12 – 20 yr 12.6 – 21.0 pmol/L
Pregnant Women
1st trimester (1- 12.1 - 19.6 pmol/L
12 weeks)
2nd trimester 9.63 - 17.0 pmol/L
(13- 27weeks)
3rd trimester 8.39 - 15.6 pmol/L
(28- birth)
Adults, Euthyroidism 3.1 – 6.8 pmol/L
Children : New born 2.7 – 9.7 pmol/L
6 d – 3 month 3.0 – 9.3 pmol/L
4 – 12 month 3.3 – 9.0 pmol/L
1 – 6 yr 3.7 – 8.5 pmol/L
14 Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)

14 Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) 7 – 11 yr 3.9 – 8.0 pmol/L
12 – 20 yr 3.9 – 7.7 pmol/L
Pregnant Women
1st trimester (1- 3.78 - 5.97 pmol/L
12 weeks)
2nd trimester 3.21 - 5.45 pmol/L
(13- 27weeks)
3rd trimester 3.09 - 5.03 pmol/L
(28- birth)
Male < 60 U/L
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
15 (GGT)
Female < 40 U/L
Male up to 3 ug/L
16 Growth Hormone
Female up to 8 ug/L
17 Haptoglobin 0.30 – 2.00 g/L
NGSP (< 6.5 %) /

18 Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
IFCC (< 48 mmol/mol)
19 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Adults 7.0 – 16.0 g/L
21 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Adults 0.7 – 4.00 g/L
22 Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Adults 0.4 – 2.3 g/L

23 Insulin 3.0 - 25.0 uU/mL
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH

24 1.58 – 6.03 pmol/L
1-84)
25 Iron (Fe) 5.8 – 34.5 umol/L
Luteinising Hormone (LH) Female:

*Female: Blood taking at Day Follicular phase 2.4 – 12.6 IU/L
2 to Day 5 menses
Ovulation phase 14.0 – 95.6 IU/L
Luteal Phase 1.0 – 11.4 IU/L
Post-menopausal 7.7 – 58.5 IU/L
Male (Adult) 1.7 – 8.6 IU/L
Boys :
< 1 yr < 0.4 IU/L
26
1 - 5 yr < 1.3 IU/L
26
6 – 10 yr < 1.4 IU/L
11 – 13 yr 0.1 – 7.8 IU/L
14 – 17 yr 1.3 – 9.8 IU/L
Girls :
< 1 yr < 0.4 IU/L
1 - 5 yr < 0.5 IU/L
6 – 10 yr < 3.1 IU/L
11 – 13 yr < 11.9 IU/L
14 – 17 yr 0.5 – 41.7 IU/L

Para proteins / Protein
electrophoresis
* Blood and urine sample must
be sent together.
1. Albumin 38.3 - 60. 1 g/L
27
2. Alpha-1- globulins 0.6 - 2.7 g/L
3. Alpha-2-globulins 4.7 - 10.5 g/L
4. Beta globulins 4.8 - 10.7 g/L
5. Gamma globulins 5.1 - 13.1 g/L
Progesterone Female:
*Female: Blood taking at Day Follicular phase 0.18 - 2.84 nmol/L
21 menses
Ovulation phase 0.39 - 38.10nmol/L
28 Luteal Phase 5.82 - 75.90nmol/L
Post-menopausal < 0.4 nmol/L
Male (Adult) < 0.50 nmol/L
Male 86 – 324 mIU/L

29 Prolactin
Female 102 – 496 mIU/L
Male
20-49 years 8.6 – 29.0 nmol/L
>50 years 6.7 - 25.7 nmol/L
Female
20-49 years 0.3 - 1.7 nmol/L

30 Testosterone
30 Testosterone >50 years 0.1 - 1.4 nmol/L
Children,Boys:
< 1 years <0.3 nmol/L
1-5 years <0.4nmol/L
6-10 years <0.8 nmol/L

11 - 15 years <28.8 nmol/L
16-19 years 3.6 - 35.0 nmol/L
Children,Girls
< 1 years <0.7 nmol/L
11 - 19 years <2.7 nmol/L
Adults 0.27 – 4.20 mIU/L
Children :
New born 0.70 – 15.2 mIU/L
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone 6 d – 3 month 0.72 -11.0 mIU/L
31 (TSH) 4 – 12 month 0.73 – 8.35 mIU/L
1 – 6 yr 0.70 – 5.97 mIU/L
7 – 11 yr 0.60 – 4.84 mIU/L
12 – 20 yr 0.51 – 4.30 mIU/L
Pregnant Women
1st trimester (1- 0.33 -4.59 mIU/L

12 weeks)
2nd trimester
(13- 27weeks) 0.35 - 4.10 mIU/L
3rd trimester 0.21 - 3.15 mIU/L

(28- birth)
32 Thyroglobulin (THY) 3.5 - 77 ng/mL
33 Transferrin 2.0- 3.6 g/L

Unsaturated Iron Binding Male 22.3 – 61.7 umol/L
34 Capacity (UIBC) Female 24.2 – 70.1 umol/L
35 Vitamin B12 145 - 569 pmol/L

Chemiluminescence Immulite 2000XPi Product Insert
Immunoturbidimetric Assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert
Biorad Urinary Catecholamines by HPLC

Automated Method on ASPEC
Pediatric Reference Ranges 2nd edition by

Soldin SJ et al,AACC Press 1997
High Performance liquid HPLC Gilson Aspec

Chromatography (HPLC)
Colorimetric Assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert

Colorimetric Assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert
Chemiluminescence Advia Centaur XP Product Insert
Chemiluminescence Immulite 2000XPi Product insert
Product Insert
Electrochemiluminescence Cobas 6000

Immunoassay
Heil/Ehrhadt:Reference ranges for adults

& children 2008 (Roche)

Immunoassay
Electrochemiluminescence Cobas 6000 Product Insert

Immunoassay
Product Insert
Electrochemiluminescence
Immunoassay Cobas 6000

Electrochemiluminescence
Immunoassay Cobas 6000
Reference Intervals for Children &

Adults(Elecys Thyroid tests,Elecsys 2010
System)


Immunoassay
Immunoassay

System)
Enzymatic colorimetric assay Cobas 6000 Manufacturer Range
Immunorbidimetric Assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert
Malaysian Clinical Practice Guideline on

HPLC Variant II Turbo Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(2009)

Chemiluminescence Advia Centaur XP Product Insert

Immunoassay
Colorimetric assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert

Immunoassay
Immunoassay
Electrophoresis Agarose Gel Sebia Hydrasys II Sebia Hyrdagel Proteinuria Insert

Immunoassay

Immunoassay
1) Product Insert
2) Clinical Biochemistry Journal:Pediatric

Reference Intervals for 28 Chemistries
&Immunoassasy on the Roche Cobas 6000
Analyzer.A CALIPER Pilot Study (16 May
2010)

Immunoassay
Immunoassay


Immunoassay

System)

Immunoassay
Colorimetric assay Cobas 6000 Product Insert

Immunoassay
REFERENCE RANGE MAKMAL PEDIATRIK
Serum/Plasma Reference Range
Analyte Age/Gender Normal Range
Male up to 41 U/L
ALT
Female up to 33 U/L
newborn 0- 4days 28-44 g/L
Children 4days -14 years 38-54 g/L
ALB
Children 14 years - 18years 32-45 g/L
Adults 35-52 g/L
Child 1day <250 U/L
Child 2-5days <231 U/L
Child 6days - 6months <449 U/L
Child 7months- 1 year <462 U/L
Child 1-3 years <281 U/L
ALP Child 4-6 years <269 U/L
Child 7-12 years <300 U/L
Child 13-17 years (female) <187 U/L
Child 13-17 years (male) <390 U/L
Adult Male 40 - 130 U/L
Adult Female 35 - 105 U/L
AST Up to 32 U/L
1 day <85 µmol/l

2 days <135 µmol/l
Total Bilirubin 3 days <170 µmol/l
4-14 days < 200 µmol/l
>1 month <17 µmol/l
Direct Bilirubin ≤ 5 µmol/L
Child (0-10days) 1.90-2.60 mmol/L

Child (10days-2years) 2.25 - 2.75 mmol/L
Child (2-12years) 2.20 - 2.70 mmol/L
2.15 - 2.50 mmol/L
CA AdultsChild
(18-60years)
(12-18years) 2.10 - 2.55mmol/L
CA
Adults (60-90years) 2.20 - 2.55 mmol/L

Adults (>90years) 2.05- 2.40 mmol/L
neonates prem 29-87 umol/L
neonates fullterm 27-77 umol/L
Child 2 - <12m 14-34 umol/L
Child 1- <3y 15-31 umol/L
Child 3- <5y 23-37umol/L
Creatinine
Adult Male 59-104 umol/L
Adult Female 45-84 umol/L
Chloride 98 - 107 mmol/L
<190 U/L
Male
CK
Female <170 U/L
Neonates <1day 2.22 - 3.33 mmol/L
Neonates > 2 days 2.78 - 4.44 mmol/L
Children 3.33 - 5.55 mmol/L
GLU
Adults 4.11 - 5.89 mmol/L
60-90 years 4.56 - 6.38 mmol/L
>90 years 4.16 - 6.72 mmol/L
30 - 300 µmol/L
KETONE
LACT 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/L
LDH 240 - 480 U/L

0.62 - 0.91 mmol/L
newborn
5mths-6years 0.70 -0.95mmol/L
6-12years 0.70 -0.86mmol/L
MG 12-20years 0.70 -0.91mmol/L
Adults 0.66 -1.07mmol/L
MG
60-90years 0.66 - 0.99 mmol/L

>90years 0.70 - 0.95 mmol/L
Male 16-60 µmol/L
NH3
Female 11-51 µmol/L
1-30d (male) 1.25 - 2.25 mmol/L
1-30d (female) 1.40 - 2.50 mmol/L
1-12 (male) 1.15 - 2.15 mmol/L
1-12 (female) 1.20 - 2.10 mmol/L
1-3y (male) 1.00 - 1.95mmol/L
1-3y (female) 1.10 - 1.95 mmol/L
4-6y (male) 1.05 - 1.80mmol/L
4-6y(female) 1.05 - 1.80 mmol/L
PHOS 7-9y (male) 0.95 - 1.75mmol/L
7-9y (female) 1.00 - 1.80 mmol/L
10-12y (male) 1.05 - 1.85mmol/L
10-12y (female) 1.05 - 1.70 mmol/L
13-15y (male) 0.95 - 1.65mmol/L
13-15y (female) 0.90 - 1.55 mmol/L
16-18y (male) 0.85 - 1.60mmol/L
16-18y (female) 0.80 - 1.55 mmol/L
Adults 0.81 -1.45mmol/L
Female 3.4 - 4.4 mmol/L
Potassium
Male 3.5 - 4.5 mmol/L
Total Protein 64 - 83 g/L
< 90 years 136-145 mmol/L

Sodium
> 90 years 132-146 mmol/L
Female 2.6 - 6.4 mmol/L
Urea
Male 3.2 - 8.1 mmol/L
142.8-339.2 umol/L
Female
UA
Male 202.3-416.5 umol/L
Urine Chemistry Reference range
Analyte Sample Age/Gender
Random
Calcium
Calcium
24hr
Random
Chloride
24hr
Female
Random
Male
Creatinine
Female
24hr
Male
Random
Glucose
24hr
Random
Magnesium
24hr
Random
Phosphate
24hr
Random
Potassium
24hr
Random
Total Protein
24hr
Random
Sodium
24hr
Random
Urea
24hr
Random
Uric Acid
24hr
CSF Reference range
Analyte Age/Gender Normal Range
Children 3.33 - 4.44 mmol/L
Glucose
Total Protein 0.15 - 0.45 g/L
Chloride 98 - 107 mmol/L

neonates 1.1 - 6.7 mmol/L
3-10 days 1.1 - 4.4 mmol/L
Lactate
≥11days 1.1 - 2.8 mmol/L
AL PEDIATRIK
Reference
product insert ALT Cobas & Integra
product insert ALB Cobas & Integra
product insert ALP Cobas & Integra
product insert AST Cobas & Integra
*follow guideline phototherapy and

exchange transfusion (ET) in
hospitalized infants of >35 weeks
gestation
product insert Direct Bilirubin

Cobas & Integra
product insert Calcium Cobas &

Integra
product insert Calcium Cobas &
Integra
product insert Creatinine Cobas &

Integra
product insert ISE Indirect Cobas &

Integra
product insert CK Cobas & Integra
roduct insert Glucose Cobas &

Integra
product insert Ketone (D-3-

Hydroxybutyrate) Randox
product insert Lactate Integra
product insert LDH Cobas &

Integra
product insert Magnesium Cobas &

Integra
product insert Magnesium Cobas &
Integra
product insert Ammonia Integra
product insert Phosphate Cobas &

Integra
Roche Reference Ranges for

Adults and Children 2008
product insert Total Protein Cobas

& Integra


product insert Uric Acid Cobas &

Integra
Normal Range Reference

1.7-5.3 mmol/L Roche Reference Ranges for
2.5-8.0 mmol/day Adults and Children 2008
46-168 mmol/L
110-250 mmol/day Adults and Children 2008
2.47-19.2 mmol/L
3.46-22.9 mmol/L
product insert Creatinine Integra
2.47-19.2 mmol/24hr
3.45-22.9 mmol/24hr
< 1.1 mmol/L Roche Reference Ranges for
<0.96 mmol/day Adults and Children 2008
product insert Magnesium Integra

3.0 - 5.0 mmol/24h
13 - 44 mmol/L
product insert Phosphate Integra
12 - 42 mmol/24h
25-125 mmol/L
<0.15 g/L product insert Total Protein
<0.14g/24hr Urine/CSF Integra
54-190 mmol/L
286-595 mmol/L
product insert Urea Integra
428-714 mmol/24hr
2200 - 5475 µmol/L
product insert Uric Acid Integra
1200 - 5900 µmol/L
Reference
product insert Glucose Integra
product insert Total Protein

Urine/CSF Integra
product insert ISE Indirect Integra
product insert Lactate Integra

TUMOUR MARKER & SPECIFIC PROTEIN QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
NO TEST PANEL NORMAL RANGE
1 Alpha Feto Protein AFP 0.89 - 8.78ng/ml
2 Total Human Chorionic BCG <5.0 mIU/ml
Gonadotropin
3 Carcinoembryoni C Antigen CEA ≤ 5.0 ng/ml
4 Cancer Antigen 12-5 C25 ≤ 35.0 U/ml
7 Total Prostate Specific Antigen PSA ≤ 4.0 ng/ml
8 Free Prostate Specific Antigen FSA No normal range
9 C-Reactive Protein CRP ≤ 5.0 mg/ml
10 Complement C3 CO3 1 to 14 yrs:
Male : 0.80-1.70 g/L
Female: 0.82-1.73 g/L
14 to 80
yrs:
Male : 0.82-1.85 g/L
Female: 0.83-1.93 g/L
11 Complement C4 CO4 1 to 14 yrs:

Male : 0.14-0.44 g/L
Female: 0.13-0.46 g/L
14 to 80 yrs:
Male : 0.15-0.53
g/L Female: 0.15-
0.57 g/L
* The reference range is based on Abbot reagent insert.
TDM: TOXICITY AND THERAPEUTIC RANGE

NO TEST Therapeutic Range
1 Paracethamol 66-99 µmol/L
Toxic : >1324 µmol/L ( after 4 hrs)
> 662 µmol/L ( after 8 hrs)
> 331 µmol/L ( after 12 hrs)
2 Salicylate Toxic : > 2.2 nmol/L
3 Benzodiazepine 0.35 - 3.50 µmol/L
Toxic : >17.0 µmol/L
4 Ethanol Toxic : 50mg/dl - Euphoria
100 - 300 mg/dl - Disorientation and incoordination
4 Ethanol
>400 mg/dl - Coma and death

5 Amikacin Truogh : < 17 µmol/L, Children : < 8.5 µmol/L
Peak : 34.2 - 51.2 µmol/L
6 Gentamicin Truogh : < 4.2 µmol/L, Neonate : < 2.1
Peak : 10.45 - 20.9 µmol/L µmol/L
7 Vancomycin Truogh : 6.9 - 13.8 µmol/L
Peak : 13.8 - 27.6 µmol/L
8 Carbamazepine 17 - 51 µmol/L
9 Phenobarbital 64.7 - 172.4 µmol/L
10 Phenytoin 40 - 79 µmol/L
11 Valporic Acid 346.5 - 693 µmol/L
12 Theophylline Asthma / COPD 55.5 - 111 µmol/L
Elderly : 27.75 - 55.5 µmol/L

13 Digoxin AF: 1-2.6 nmol/L
CCF: 0.64 - <1.28 nmol/L
14 Methotexate Post 24hours: 5 - 10 µmol/L
Post 48hours: 0.5 - 1.0 µmol/L
Post 60hours: < 0.1 µmol/L
Post 72hours: < 0.1 µmol/L
15 Cyclosporine CO: > 6 months renal transplant : 100 - 250 ngm/L
< 6 months renal transplant : 250 - 375 ng/mL
16 Sirolimus 5 - 15 ng/mL
17 Tacrolimus > 6 months renal transplant : 5 - 10 ng/mL
< 6 months renal transplant : 10 -15 ng/mL
18 Everolimus 3.0 - 8.0 ng/mL
19 Mycophenolic Acid Truogh : 1.0 - 3.5 µg/mL
20 Paraquat Detected if present
Reference Range for Special Haematology Test:
1. Haemoglobin Analysis Automated (HPLC)
Hb A₂
Normal: 2.0 – 3.3 %

Borderline: 3.4 – 3.9 %
Classical Beta-thalassemia trait: ≥ 4.0 %
Hb F
Normal: < 1.0 % (Adult)

< 2.0 % (One year)
5.0 % (3 months)
2. T & B cell enumeration ( CD4/CD8)
Reference Range
Variables
Converted % Lymph Cells/µl
Total T cells 53 – 79 586.8 – 2984.5
Helper T cells 24 – 46 362.6 – 1481.2
Suppressor T cells 18 – 38 159.6 – 1438.9
Total Lymphocytes 1135.9 – 4343

UJIAN PATOLOGI & Ref. Ranges

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TEST AVAILABLE AT PATHOLOGY DEPARTME

(ACCORDING TO ALPHABETICAL ORDER)

TEST UNIT CONTAINER SPECIMEN TYPE VOLUME

3 Adenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) Chemical Pathology EDTA tube Blood(Plasma) 3 ml

4 AFB Direct Smear Microbiology Sterile container Sputum,Body fluid 1 ml

5 Air sampling Microbiology Not Applicable Not applicable Not applicable

9 Allergy Testing (Screening) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

10 Allergy Testing (Specific) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

12 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

13 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

15 Amylase Core Lab Heparinised Tube Blood 4 ml

16 Amylase, urine Core Lab Urine Container Random Urine 5 ml

17 Anti HBs EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

18 Anti Mycoplasma pneumonia IgM Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

20 Antifungal Susceptibility Test (yeast Blood/CSF/Sterile body Not

21 Anti-HBc IgM EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

22 Anti-HBc Total EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

23 Anti-HBe EIA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

25 Anti double-stranded DNA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

26 Antinuclear antibodies - Extractable

27 Antinuclear antibodies (screening) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

28 Antinuclear antibodies (IF) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

29 Anti-streptolysin 'O' Titre (ASOT) Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

30 Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

31 Anti-Thyroid Microsomal antibody

32 Anti-Thyroid receptor antibody Microbiology Plain tube Blood 5 ml

34 Bacterial Antigen test for cerebrospinal

35 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

39 BK virus (BKV) - DNA PCR

42 Blood Film for Malarial parasites

43 Blood Fungal culture & Blood Fungal

Blood Gases (ABG / VBG) Core Lab

45 BM Aspirate Haematology Smear Bone marrow Not applicable

Body Fluids Biochemistry

49 Caeruloplasmin Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

55 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

58 CD4/CD8 Enumeration Haematology EDTA tube Blood 2.0 ml

59 Cerebrospinal fluid culture &

60 Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

61 Chlamydia trachomatis Genital discharge/

66 Cholinesterase Chemical Pathology Plain Tube Blood 3 ml

67 CMV - DNA PCR Viral Load Blood /

68 CMV - IgG ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

69 CMV - IgM ELISA Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

72 Clinical Toxicology Plain tube Blood 3.5 ml

75 Cortisol, serum Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

24 hrs Urine 24 hrs urine

77 C-Peptide Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

82 Creatinine 24hr Peritoneal Dialysate Core Lab Plain tube Fluid 2 ml

24 hrs urine 4 ml (blood) &

84 Creatinine Peritoneal Dialysate Core Lab Plain tube Fluid 2 ml

2 EDTA tubes and

Cryopreservation procedure for bone Depends on the

88 Cryptococcal antigen Microbiology Sterile container CSF,Serum 3 ml

92 Alcohol fixed and

93 Cytology: Non-gynaecology Cytology Sterile bijou bottle CSF As collected.

102 Dengue - Rapid Test Microbiology Plain tube Blood 3-5 ml

105 Digoxin Clinical Toxicology Plain tube

112 Enterovirus PCR (Qualitative) Viral Transport Throat swab, Rectal

ESR vaccum tube

114 Estradiol (Oestradiol/E2) Chemical Pathology Plain tube Blood 3 ml

115 Ethanol Clinical Toxicology Plain tube