Basrah University For Oil And Gas

Oil And Gas Engineering Department

Reservoir Simulation
Solution Of Eclipse Tutorial 2
(Simple layer sweep efficiency: viscous, gravity and
capillary forces)

Done By
Abdullah Abdalrazak Hasan
In this tutorial we have 11 models :
1. Model A : Two dimensional model with high perm in the middle layer
2. Model B : High perm in bottom layer
3. Model C : High perm in top layer
4. Model D : Slower frontal advance rate
5. Model E : Increased cross-sectional area away from wells
6. Model F : Increased kv/kh
7. Model G : Barriers preventing vertical flow
8. Model H : Zero capillary pressure
9. Model I :
o Grid coarsening
o Grid coarsening with zero capillary pressure ( represent by dashed
curve )
10.Model J :
o Grid refinement
o Grid refinement with zero capillary pressure (represent by dashed
curve )

11.Polymer Flooding Model

Note : The color of word Model represent the color of line curve in each figure
illustrate in this document for this model
1) Comparison Between Models A, B, C and D

Figure 1 : the field oil recovery efficiency (Y-axis) vs field cumulative water injection (X-axis) for A - D

Figure 2 : the field water cut vs field cumulative water injection for the four models
Figure 3-A : saturation profile in (model A) for 2 time steps

Figure 3-B : saturation profile in (model D) for 2 time steps

 Figure 4-A : saturation profile in (model A) for 5 time steps

Figure 4-B : saturation profile in (model D) for 5 time steps

the main differences in production behavior between the four models :

From figure 1 we show the oil recovery for model D better than A if it plot again
total injection water because the high permeability in model D located on top layer
and the injected water at Slower frontal advance rate this allow the injected water
to sweep all the oil and produce it ,but in model D the injected water required a
time greater than in the first three models to sweep all the layer as it is showed for
saturation profile in figure 3 and figure 4 , from figure 2 we see the field water cut
(FWCT) start when the cumulative injected water at approximately (1 E+7 stb) in
model D because of slower frontal advance rate, but in other model it start early
because of high injection rate and because the effect of gravity. The better model
from this four model is model C because of high sweep efficiency in less time
required and give a low water cut.
2) Comparison Between Models C, E, F and G

Figure 5 : the field oil recovery efficiency vs time for C, E, F, and G Models

Figure 6 : field water cut vs time for C, E, F and G Models

 Model C

Model E

Model F

Model G

Figure 7 : Saturation profile for models C, E, F and G at 2 time step

 Model C

Model E

Model F

Model G

Figure 8 : Saturation profile for models C, E, F and G at 5 time step

flow regimes will be encountered as injected water moves away from the wellbore
into the formation, and the forces will tend to dominate in each of the regimes
Model C : The top layer with high permeability it is the most regime in this model
will be encountered. At 2 time step the force tend to dominate in this regime is
Capillary Force, the middle and bottom regimes is less encounter, the force will
tend to dominate in this regimes is also Capillary Force ( because of thick
transition zone between the interface of displacing and displaced fluid ). At 5 time
step the Gravity force tend to dominate for both regimes ( because the injected
water fall down in the bottom layers ) ,figure 7 and figure 8 (model C).
Model E : Same as Model C because in this model we just Increased cross-
sectional area away from wells figure 7 and figure 8 (model E).
Model F : Because of increasing in Kv/Kh ration in this model the capillary forces
become more important than viscous forces , a capillary forces dominate the
waterflood displacement, causing fluids to travel in the direction transverse to
flow, figure 7 and figure 8 (model F).
Model G : The presence of Barriers in this model preventing vertical flow between
the layers and cause a poor vertical sweep efficiency as shown in figure 7 and
figure 8 (model G) . early water breakthrough occur in this model figure 6 and a
lowest oil recovery figure 5 .
So the conclusion is the increasing in Kv/Kh ratio lead to increase the oil recovery
and the presence of transmissibility barriers between layers lead to decrease the oil
recovery
3) Comparison between Models C, Ccoarse, Crefine, H, Hcoarse,
and Hrefine

Figure 9 : FOE vs time for cases TUT2C, TUT2Ccoarse, TUT2Crefine, TUT2H, TUT2Hcoarse, and
TUT2Hrefine

Figure 10 : FWCT vs time for cases TUT2C, TUT2Ccoarse, TUT2Crefine, TUT2H, TUT2Hcoarse, and
TUT2Hrefine
From figure 9 and figure 10 we note a capillary pressure has a highest effect on
refine model than in coarse model .
For refine model the grid size is very small in compare with coarse model we have
a large grid size so the resolution for capillary pressure in refine model highest
than in coarse model

4) Viscous Oil Scenario And Polymer Flooding

Figure 11 : Oil recovery vs. Time for viscos oil and polymer model

In The case of viscose oil the injected of water give a poor sweep efficiency and oil
recovery, So we need to inject a polymer to improve the oil recovery as showed in
figure 11 the oil recovery in the case of injection polymer higher than in the case of
injection water