ROAD TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

PAKISTAN
Towards The Pakistan Resolution (1940)
 Presented to you by: Sachal House
 House Leader : Haseeb-ur-Rehman Shaikh

 House Members:

• Arslan Shaikh
• Farqad Muqsit
• Hina Mirani
• Mahjabeen Abro
• M. Hasnain
• M.Iqbal
• Nancy Kumari
• Rahul Gemnani
JINNAH’S 14 POINTS (1929)
 Why did Jinnah issue his 14 points?
 Jinnah decided to issue 14 points in response to
Nehru Report (1928) which was a scheme of
constitution for India.
 Nehru report suggested joint electorate instead of
separate electorate.
 It suggested unitary form of government instead of
federal form of government.
JINNAH’S 14 POINTS (1929)
 Federal Constitution with residual powers to
provinces.
 Provincial autonomy.

 No constitutional amendment by the centre without

the concurrence of the states constituting the Indian
federation.
 All legislatures and elected bodies to have
adequate representation of Muslims in every
province without reducing a majority of Muslims.
JINNAH’S 14 POINTS (1929)
 Adequate representation to Muslims in the services
and in self-governing bodies.
 One-third Muslim representation in the Central
Legislature.
 In any cabinet at the centre or in the provinces,
one-third to be Muslims.
 Separate electorate for Muslims

 Separation of Sindh from Bombay.

JINNAH’S 14 POINTS (1929)
 No bill in any legislature to be passed if three-
fourths of a minority community considers such a
bill to be against their interests.
 Any territorial redistribution not to affect Muslim
majority in Punjab, Bengal and NWFP.
 Constitutional reforms in the NWFP and
Baluchistan.
 Full religious freedom to all communities.
JINNAH’S 14 POINTS (1929)
 Protection of Muslim rights in religion, culture,
education and language.
ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES.
 There were three Round Table Conferences which
were held from 1930-32.
 RTCs were organized by British Government to
discuss constitutional reforms in India.
 First RTC (November 1930 – January 1931).

 Second RTC (September – December 1931).

 Third RTC (November 1932 – December 1932).

FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
NOVEMBER 1930 – JANUARY 1931
 First RTC was failed because:
 Congress did not attend the conference.
 Congress started non-cooperation movement.
 As Congress was the largest body of India which
then represented the whole of India no big
decisions were made.
SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
(SEPTEMBER – DECEMBER 1931).

 Second RTC was failed because:

 Gandhi gave a hard line against minorities and
initiated the whole problem.
 This resulted in the lost of power of local bodies as
well.
 The British government threatened to pass the act
if no solution is reached within few weeks.
THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
(NOVEMBER 1932 – DECEMBER 1932).

 Third RTC failed because:

 Jinnah was not invited.
 Lord Irwin was replaced by Lord Wellington who
was not ready to listen to the people.
 Ramsay McDonald announced the Communal
Award which was surely a huge mistake in its own.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935
 All the ministers were responsible to the legislature.
 Muslim representation in central legislature was
guaranteed.
 Burma and Adden were separated from India.

 It introduced eleven Governor Provinces.

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935
 As all of the three RTCs failed, Government of India
Act 1935 was passed.
 It was made for further provision for Government of
India.
 It was the last constitution of British India.

 It lasted until 1947.

 It was the longest act of that time.

OPPOSITION OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT
1935
 As all ministers were given provincial autonomy that
was against democracy.
 Federal part was never introduced.

 Both Muslim and Hindu political leadership

criticized this act.
 However reality is that Government of India Act
provided interim constitution for Pakistan after
Independence.
FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
(ELECTIONS OF 1935-36)
 First major election.
 Image problem, as though Muslim League was only
composed of aristocrats.
 Poor organization and planning.

 Differences and rifts within the party itself.

 No unity within the party.

IMPACT OF CONGRESS RULE AND DAY OF
DELIVERANCE 1939
 Muslims living in 8 provinces bore a lot under
congress rule.
 Bande Matram a song written by Bankin Chaterjee
urged the Non-Muslims to expel the Muslims from
sub-continent
 Widdia Mander scheme introduced to erase
Muslims culture and conversion of Muslims into
Hindus.
IMPACT OF CONGRESS RULE AND DAY OF
DELIVERANCE 1939
 Wardha scheme was also introduced, in schools
only Hinduism was studied.
 Culture, traditions and history of Muslim was not
taught.
 Slaughtering if cow and buffaloes was banned.

 Religious activities of Muslims were also banned.

PAKISTAN RESOLUTION 1940
 The Pakistan Resolution written by Muhammad
Zafarullah Khan and presented by A.K Fazal-ul-
Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal , he said:
“Regions in which the Muslims are in majority as in
north-western and eastern zone of India should be
grouped to constituent units should be autonomous
and sovereign.”
o The Lahore resolution was actually adopted on
March 24, 1940, but officially in Pakistan March 23
is considered the date of its adoption.
IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN RESOLUTION
 It was made a part of All India Muslim League’s
constitution in 1941.
 It was execution of two-nation theory because it
showed Muslims as a separate nation.
 Muslims were able to be united, all Muslims were
united on one target and one nation.
 Muslims achieved the goal they always wanted.