Antenna Design – MATLAB

We use MATLAB 2019b IDE for the design of Yagi-Uda Antenna. This IDE is
helpful to set parameters more convenient as they provide codes and algorithms from some
antenna formulas. Here are the following parameters that are essential for the antenna
design.

Measurements:

These measurements vary from the specific frequency of LoRa module which is
433 MHz and its optimization is based on the following table below. We follow the column
which is the optimum array after spacing and length perturbation for better directivity.
Gain and Radiation Pattern (3D form):

As you can see in this figure, it is proved from the optimization that the directivity
is 13.2 dBi, close as what is on the table. Meanwhile, this shows the radiation pattern how
Yagi-Uda antenna is being transmitted via 3D pattern. Also, in figure below, illustrates
how the electric field is being transmitted via 2D azimuth pattern.

Far-field Radiation Pattern (Azimuth form):

Impedance:

This figure represents the impedance of the antenna. While on the figure below
represents the return loss. Return loss is in decibel form of reflection coefficient. At 433
MHz, the loss is -12.22 dB and we get the reflection coefficient, we have 0.245 – almost
ideal for good antenna. And to calculate the VSWR given by the reflection coefficient, we
have 1.64 which has a better efficiency for transmitting antenna.

Return loss:
Computations

𝑓 299,792,458 𝑚/𝑠
𝑓 = 433𝑀𝐻𝑧 𝜆= = = 0.692 𝑚
𝑐 433 𝑥 106 𝐻𝑧

𝑐 = 299,792,458 𝑚/𝑠

Based on the table of optimum array after length and spacing pertubation:

Length Measurments

Reflector length 0.472𝜆 0.330 m

Folded dipole length 0.452𝜆 0.314 m

Director 1 length 0.436𝜆 0.302 m

Director 2 length 0.430𝜆 0.298 m

Director 3 length 0.434𝜆 0.300 m

Director 4 length 0.430𝜆 0.298 m

Spacing Measurments

Reflector spacing 0.250𝜆 0.173 m

Director spacing 1 0.289𝜆 0.200 m

Director spacing 2 0.406𝜆 0.281 m

Director spacing 3 0.323𝜆 0.224 m

Director spacing 4 0.422𝜆 0.292 m

Solving for VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio):

𝑓 = 433𝑀𝐻𝑧

𝑅𝐿 = −12.22 𝑑𝐵 𝑜𝑟 12.22 𝑑𝐵 (−) (Return loss graph)

𝑅𝐿 = −20 log10 |Γ|

12.22 𝑑𝐵 = −20 log10 |Γ|
log10 |Γ| = −0.611
|Γ| = 10−0.611
|Γ| = 0.245 Reflection
Coefficient

1 + |Γ|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |Γ|
1 + 0.245
=
1 − 0.245
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = 1.65 Acceptable
Distance between Tx and Rx 3 km (Assumption)

Power Transmitted 20 mW

Transmitter Gain 13.2 dBi

Receiver Gain 3.7 dBi

Cable loss - TX 1.2 dB

Cable loss - RX 1.2 dB

Operating Frequency 433 MHz

Terrain Characteristic Smooth